• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.82
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• pp.73-103
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• 2017

With the introduction and expansion of 'maker movement', maker culture captured attention and saw itself as an emerging culture. This study aims to analyze published books, policy report, columns and news articles related to maker culture through the perspective of critical discourse analysis. Maker movement led by the government gives meaning to the maker culture as the force of 'creative economy' that can overcome the economic crisis. Following this meaning making, one-man digital fabrication start-ups have been actively promoted by government policies. In the case of Seoul, it criticizes government led maker movement that only focuses on economy and institutionalizes maker movement by focusing on the maker culture's aspect as 'digital social innovation' that can resolve social problems. In the world of art, it tries to rediscover the value craft, that is, 'creative craftsman'. Moreover, resistance movement that tries to fight against dominant technology structure through constructing 'critical making' was also spotted. Nonetheless, it is rather untimely to definitely find dominant discourse's power effect in reality and sign of rupture in dominant structure as the result of resisting discourse's struggle. Thus, maker movement is the field of struggle where an ongoing clash can be found: between discourse strategy that tries to make maker culture a social or economic asset by combining with dominant power structure, and alternating or resisting practice of signification that focuses on its cultural techno-political potential.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.148-157
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• 2016

This study verified the effects of the quality characteristics of dessert cafes by business start-ups according to dietary life styles of consumer. Data was collected over 15 days starting from April 15, 2016 from 218 customers who visited dessert cafes. In brief, the research results are as follows. First, in order to verify the influence of service quality of dessert cafes according to dietary life styles, 3-kinds of variables, namely taste-pursuing type, convenience-pursuing type, and health-pursuing type, were set up for the lower variables, and 2-kinds variables, specifically credibility and sympathy, were established for service quality as dependent variables. The results of the regression analysis showed that, taste-pursuing type (${\beta}=.371$, p<.001), convenience-pursuing type (${\beta}=.401$, p<.001), health-pursuing type (${\beta}=.474$, p<.001), all 3-kinds of dietary life style, had a significant, positive(+) corelation ton the credibility of service quality. in addition, regression analysis revealed that the sympathy type of service credibility and, all 3 dietary lifestyle types, taste-pursuing type (${\beta}=.145$, p<.001), convenience-pursuing type (${\beta}=.208$, p<.001), health-pursuing type (${\beta}=.236$, p<.001), showed a significant, positive (+) corelation. Second, as a result of verifying the effects of service quality on customer consuming behaviors at dessert cafes, it was determined that there was a significant, positive (+) corelation with credibility and sympathy in consuming behaviors such like credibility (${\beta}=.313$, p<.001), sympathy (${\beta}=.228$, p<.001).

• The Journal of Small Business Innovation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2016

Korean government had used public 'credit guarantee schemes' (CGS) as a counter-cyclical measure. However, it is still controversial about the effectiveness of policy financing on the SMEs. Criticism on policy financing involves the argument that supporting enterprises hampers competition and innovation of SMEs by increasing their dependence on the government and delays the exit of marginal firms. In this paper, we investigate how to effectively build up the rationale of running public CGSs. At the same time, we propose the ways to coexist of public credit guarantee and market-based private finance system for SMEs. First, CGS, as a counter-cyclical function, must coexist with the private financial system by compensating the market failure caused by pro-cyclical behavior of the private financial market. Second, CGS has the comparative advantages, compared to both the interest rate policy of the central bank and fiscal policy of the government. The credit guarantee is the symptomatic treatment that could revitalize the economy shortly by providing liquidity. Also, knowing that CGS is provided based on the leverage ratio defined by outstanding guarantee divided by capital fund, public 'credit guarantee' (CG) has an advantage that is free from the risk of government deficit. Third, the reason for existence of the CGS should be founded in supporting services for SMEs, available only in a public sector that is difficult to expect from private banks. In this regard, it is desirable to strengthen the publicness of credit guarantee over the support for start-ups, growing companies, the improvement of productivity, increase of exports, a long-term investment in facilities, the employment-creating businesses, and innovative enterprises.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2015

Students have chosen the various behaviors to prepare for the future during the university life. In general to be employed by someone and to create one's own business is likely to be regarded as difference ways. The objectives of this study is to find that whether student's planned behaviors such as albeit, internship, getting some certification are to be related with entrepreneurial intention, and entrepreneurial intention has positive relation with entrepreneurial decision makings based on theory of Planned behaviors through empirical study. In order for that, this study sets four research hypothesis. In the empirical findings, 3 research hypothesis except H2 (subjective norms have positive relations with entrepreneurial intention) are accepted in statistically. Considering research findings, students' planned behaviors, such as albeit, internship, getting some certifications to have been regards as far away from entrepreneurship have positive relation with entrepreneurial intention and implementation. Entrepreneurship education and knowledge regarding start-ups given by Universities or private institutions should provide information to create imagination new venture business with spontaneity instead of giving intented contents concerning entrepreneurship when taking into consideration of result of hypothesis 2. In order words, entrepreneurship education to provide the self-efficacy is the right track for students.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 2015

The role and importance of entrepreneurship is fast becoming recognized with the topic of creative economy in Korea. Especially, young generations having difficulties of finding a job choose to be an entrepreneur as a part of their career choice due to the changes in social awareness about entrepreneurship and the increase of entrepreneurship education opportunity. It is needed to approach with the analysis of young people's career choice reasons in order to provide effective entrepreneurship education to those who has the choice of career ahead. Each student has different desire to entrepreneurship lecture and education with the basis of their own motivation and goal of career choice reasons. The objective of this study is to examine career choice reasons with 1,651 science and engineering field students in universities to determine the sustainable needs of entrepreneurship education. As a result of the analysis, there is significant relationship between the satisfaction of entrepreneurship education and the intrinsic factors such as self-realization, innovativeness, role-model and independence. In addition, the satisfaction of entrepreneurship education is significantly related to the sustainable desire of entrepreneurship education. In other words, it is needed to enhance intrinsic value of the students' career choice reasons for sustainable entrepreneurship education due to successful start-ups requiring to have information and understanding process of business which comes from continuous entrepreneurship education.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.191-202
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• 2017

KONEX (Korea New Exchange) is the organised stock exchange for small enterprises. It is a channel through which venture start-ups at their early stage can raise funds without a huge burden of debt. We explain the regulations in this market and examine the effects of major changes in the relevant regulations. The first change was replacing the call auction mechanism with the continuous auction mechanism. The change improved the information asymmetry among investors. The second was lowering the minimum deposit requirement for individual investors from 300 million won to 100 million won. As the result of the change, market liquidity increased a lot and the number of investors increased. The last change was introducing the small investment account. Although this raised the participation of individual investors but did not lead to the improvement in market liquidity or information asymmetry. In overall, encouraging more investors to participate in the transactions in KONEX is the fast way to boost the market, while the long-term strategy should focus more on improving the information asymmetry by helping information generating and transferring activities.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.143-149
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• 2012

With the increasing use of mobile phones, mobile game is emerging as an entertainment for move. Furthermore, smart phone is widely spread, so mobile game market is rapidly growing. According to "Republic of Korea 2010 Games White Paper" mobile game market is growing annual average 10% or more, and is expected to reach $ 9.8 billion in 2011. It is almost doubled compared to 2007. It became possible to realize complicated high-capacity game with mobile phone developed to smart phone. And at the same time, mobile game is associated with Social Network Services (SNS) and is worldwide growing as a part of 'mobile life'. Apple launched an application open market, App Store, in 2008, and mobile game industry welcomed an innovative turning point. Global smart phone application market (App Store) is opened, so Gameday is able to launch mobile games easily to the global market getting out of the domestic market. In addition, Apple App Store has the structure of sharing their revenue with the developer with 7 to 3 which is more favorable terms for the developer compared to supply mobile contents to the mobile carrier who monopolized the market in the past. The largest proportion of the current App Store application is game, and Gameday has the opportunity to make a significant leap forward by keeping pace with the new environment changes.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.65-82
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• 2020

Start-ups often use crowdfunding platforms such as Wadiz to get financing from corporate investors and general public. These platforms include functions to increase participant activity through the number of comments, interest and online word-of-mouth. This study aims to elucidate how these functions related to a participant activity exhibit mediating effects on a success of crowdfunding and an achievement rate of targeted investment amount. To this end, the individual variables such as progress period, target amount, venture company, experience of attracting investment, possession of intellectual property rights, a career of the representative and an award experience of the representative were classified into the project characteristics, the company characteristics and the representative characteristics through not only previous studies but also interviews with investment professionals and platform operators. Afterwards, this study went through an empirical verification process using a structural equation model that has both crowdfunding performance and participant activity, which is the independent and mediating factors of three perspectives, as well as the dependent variables. In other words, this study analyzes how the characteristics of three perspectives affect the participant activity and how the participant activity had the mediating effects on the crowdfunding performance. In addition, it derives how the analysis results mentioned above vary according to business types (internet services, culture/art, manufacturing/distribution) and investment styles (stock type and bond type). It is expected that this study will help not only in deriving the factors affecting the performance of an investment type crowdfunding but also in preparing the measures to increase a participant activity.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.113-127
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• 2020

Based on the social exchange theory and innovation diffusion theory, this study is to identify the correlation between factors influencing investor's funding intention in crowdfunding and to analyze moderating effect of trust in the relationship of shared value, communication and individual innovation. The purpose of this study is to consider the funding trends of crowdfunding investors from a personal point of view through the results of the study and to help fundraiser of crowdfunding establish specifically strategies for financing. In order to conduct empirical analysis, an online survey was conducted on people who had participated in crowdfunding, and a total of 228 questionnaires were collected and a total of 186 responses were finally analyzed, excluding outliers. For data analysis, structural equation model analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 and Smart PLS 3.0. The results of this study showed that shared value in the relationship between fundraiser and investors has a significant effect on the perceived risk. High level of communication between fundraiser and investors showed positive effects on the level of commitment of the crowdfunding project and the innovation of the individual investor. And commitment had a positive effect on the funding intention. According to the results of this research, trust has moderating effect only in relationship between shared value and perceived risk. It is significant that investors share the value of fundraiser together is a motivation factor to fund in crowdfunding and an opportunity to recognize the risk. Through this study, it is expected to utilize them in establishing strategies for start-ups and marketing plans to raise funds through crowdfunding and to empirically identify factors influencing the funding intention through individual levels of crowdfunding investors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.300-308
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• 2016

Research on OECD and Korea have shown that high-growth startups are the keys to job creation and that these companies are very important for economic growth. Given that the large-scale entry of women into the labor force accelerates economic growth and women have far lower levels of participation in growth-oriented entrepreneurship than men do, accelerating female entrepreneurship could have positive effects on the Korean economy. This paper uses data from several databases to do a comparison analysis between women's and men's start-ups to explore the factors that explain the lag in building high-growth firms among women. Women startups make up nearly 34% of startups(defined as less than 7 years of establishment), but only 6% of high-growth startups. Women rarely own large businesses, reflecting their low levels of initial capital and outside financing. Regardless of gender, entrepreneurs face many of the same challenges in starting businesses, but this study shows three primary factors for female entrepreneurs that lead to a less high-growth startup: a greater financing gap than for men(this gap is more apparent for high-growth firms), a lack of ideas, knowledge, and experience(related to the lack of mentorship), and lastly the difficulty maintaining a work-life balance. The findings are very similar with those found in studie's in the US(financing gap, work-life balance, and lack of mentorship). Further studies are required to identify more specific factors behind the gender gap in ideas, knowledge, and experience.