• 재무관리연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.121-156
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 2003년~2005년 기간에 코스닥 시장에서 발생한 두 가지 자본시장 진입수단인 IPO와 우회상장을 대상으로 벤치마킹 대비 단기 및 장기 초과보유수익률을 분석하고, 차이점과 의미에 대해 논하였다. 우회상장은 M&A의 성격을 띠고 있지만 동시에 IPO의 성격도 갖고 있다. IPO는 거래소가 제시한 상장요건을 맞춰야 하는 등 제도적인 간섭을 받기 때문에 제도에 의한 자본시장 진입방법이라고 할 수 있다. 반면 우회상장은 이러한 제도의 간섭은 미미하고 당사자 간의 거래에 의하여 진입여부가 결정되기 때문에 거래에 의한 자본시장 진입방법이라고 할 수 있다. 제도가 완전시장을 저해한다는 상식에 기초한다면우회상장이 IPO보다 우수한 진입방법이라고 판단할 수 있지만, 반대로 IPO는 우회상장에 비해 정보의 비대칭성을 줄이고 부실한 기업의 시장진입을 통제할 수 있다는 면에서 장점이 있다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 정보의 효율성 면에서 IPO가 우수하다는 본문의 주장을 지지하고 있다. 먼저 IPO 기업과 우회상장 기업은 모두 초기에는 높은 초과수익률을 기록하고 장기적으로는 둘 다 저성과를 보이나 우회상장 기업의 장기성과가 더욱 하락하였다. 또한 두 표본 모두 사건 이후 3년 간의 회계적 성과가 하락하였으나 특히 우회상장 기업은 더욱 하락하였으며 모든 기간에서 손실을 기록하였다. 이는 과잉수요(fad)가 코스닥 시장의 IPO는 물론 우회상장에서도 똑같이 존재하며, 우회상장의 경우에는 과대포장(window dressing)의 가능성이 더욱 높음을 뜻한다. 결국 IPO보다는 우회상장이 상장시점에서 회사와 투자자 사이에 더욱 심한 정보의 비대칭성을 보이고 있음을 시사한다.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.171-181
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• 2008

Home care, known also as domiciliary care, is part of the community care service that is a responsibility of the local government authorities in the UK as well as many other countries around the world. The aim is to provide the care and support needed to assist people, particularly older people, people with physical or learning disabilities and people who need assistance due to illness to live as independently as possible in their own homes. It is performed primarily by care workers visiting clients' homes where they provide help with daily activities. This paper is concerned with the dispatching of care workers to clients in an efficient manner. The optimized routine for each care worker determines a schedule to achieve the minimum total cost (in terms of distance traveled) without violating the capacity and time window constraints. A collaborative population-based meta-heuristic called Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is applied to solve the problem. A particle is defined as a multi-dimensional point in space which represents the corresponding schedule for care workers and their clients. Each dimension of a particle represents a care activity and the corresponding, allocated care worker. The continuous position value of each dimension determines the care worker to be assigned and also the assignment priority. A heuristic assignment scheme is specially designed to transform the continuous position value to the discrete job schedule. This job schedule represents the potential feasible solution to the problem. The Earliest Start Time Priority with Minimum Distance Assignment (ESTPMDA) technique is developed for generating an initial solution which guides the search direction of the particle. Local improvement procedures (LIP), insertion and swap, are embedded in the PSO algorithm in order to further improve the quality of the solution. The proposed methodology is implemented, tested, and compared with existing solutions for some 'real' problem instances.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2008

A synthetic gas reformed from hydrocarbon-based fuels consists of $H_2$, CO and $N_2$. Hydrogen contained in the synthetic gas is a very useful species in chemical processes, due to its wide flammability range and fast burning speed. The ESGI (Exhaust Synthetic Gas Injection) technology is developed to shorten the light-off time of three way catalysts through combustion of the synthetic gas in the exhaust manifold during the cold start period of SI engines. Before the ESGI technology is applied to the test engine, the authors set a test rig that consists of gas temperature and composition controllers, an exhaust pulse generator and an exhaust manifold with a visualization window, in order to optimize the point and conditions of injection of the synthetic gas. Through measuring burned gas temperatures and taking photographs of synthetic gas combustion at the outlet of the exhaust manifold, the authors tried to find the optimal injection point and conditions. Analysis of burned gas composition has been performed for various $O_2$ concentrations. As a result, when the synthetic gas is injected at the port outlet of the cylinder No. 4 and $O_2$ concentration exceeds 4%, combustion of the synthetic gas is strong and effective in the exhaust manifold.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to discovered assessment items for improving athletic efficiency and management of golf courses. Through this, the study intended to provide basic data for creating competitive golf courses and management. Important assessment items were selected by inducing preliminary assessment items and conducting a preliminary survey and a main survey for specialists through a theoretical study. For the survey results studied, reliability and average value for importance were calculated using SPSS/PC Window Release 12.0. As assessment of importance by assessment area, in athletic efficiency assessment, course management level was the highest, followed by fairness of games and operation of games. In management assessment, importance of service level, information management, facility management, management of game assistants, etc. were high. As assessment of importance by assessment item, it was found that 'variety of golf shot' and 'the length of a course' were important in course layout. Also 'start interval among teams' and 'disturbance of play' were assessed as important items in game operation, while 'fair reservation' and 'rounding rotation time' were important in fairness of games. In addition, in information management, 'kind service of golf course staffs' and 'prompt reservation and notification' were found to be important assessment items. In facility management, all assessment indexes were over 4.0, which means all of them are important for quality of golf course and competitiveness. In membership service, 'appropriate price of goods for sale' and 'service for members' were relatively important assessment items. Further, in management of game assistants, 'qualifications and skillfulness of game assistants' was assessed as a very important index. Although the current study only selected important items to assess excellent golf courses, it is necessary to apply the study results to the actual sites and verify them for golf course both at domestic and abroad.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2016

덤벨은 조금 확장시키면 거의 모든 종류의 네트워크 실험에서 사용할 수 있는 가장 기본적인 토폴로지이다. 전송 제어 프로토콜인 TCP는 네트워크와 기지국 사이의 연결을 위해 사용되는 기본적인 프로토콜이다. TCP의 주요 목표는 기본적인 통신을 위하여 다른 애플리케이션에 서비스와 경로를 제공하는 것이다. 이로 인해 TCP는 통신 매체를 통해 많은 양의 데이터를 전송해야하기 때문에 심각한 혼잡 문제를 야기한다. 혼잡 문제를 계산하기 위해 다른 종류의 pre-cure 솔루션인 LBV와 DBV가 개발되었다. LBV은 만일 패킷들이 삭제되기 시작한다면, TCP 프로토콜을 통해 전달 될 예정인 데이터를 추적한다. 그때 TCP CUBIC은 그 손실을 알리기 위하여 LBV를 사용한다. 마찬가지로 DBV는 ACK 데이터가 그 설정된 데이터 속도 시간보다 지연되었을 때 사용되는 승인절차로 동작한다. TCP COMPOUND/VAGAS가 DBV의 예이다. 많은 알고리즘이 다른 TCP 변형에서 혼잡을 제어하기 위해 제안되었지만, 데이터 패킷들의 손실을 완전히 조절하지 못하였다. 이 논문에서, 혼잡 제어 알고리즘을 구현하였으며 그 결과를 덤벨 토폴로지를 사용하여 분석하였다. 그것은 일반적으로 TCP 트래픽을 분석하는 데 사용한다. 처리량의 공정성은 네트워크 시뮬레이터 (NS-2)를 사용하여 다른 TCP 변형에서 평가하였다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.61-80
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• 2011

This study estimated the prototype of Yangjindang at the time of its foundation by putting together the literature and discovered data and historical research on family related to Sangju Yangjindang, and looked at its architectural characteristics. These are summarized as follows: First, Yangjindang is an office building which was completed in three years [1629] after its start of construction when Keomgan Jojeong was at the age of 72 [1626] in his latter days and it was used for performing ancestral rites for Jojeong's forefathers of the head family of Pungyang Jo by family origin. Yangjindang was founded as a base of utopia for putting ancestral rites & commemoration, harmoniousness of a tribe, and educational idea into practice together with Ojakdang. Such a movement can be judged to interpret and apply the circumstances of the times realistically and flexibly where they tried to pursue the promotion of Confucianism & studies of the proprieties as well as the consciousness of practice, and to bring a tribe into harmony after the war through the retirement of Toegye School. Second, it is located at a topographically ideal spot on the edge of the Jangcheon-a tributary of Nakdong with a good physiology and landscape and its location was also the lot for a house of Jojeong's ancestor, which was burned down by war. Behind such a location and planning of Yangjindang, it is presumed, though not certain that it was modelled after Naeap village at Andong- Jojeong's parents-in-low's home. Third, as for its foundation size, it's a head house as much as about more than 100-kan, and its structure is composed of Samyo, Bonche, and Yangjindang. In addition, arrangements of buildings and its composition system and renovation procedures followed Chu-tzu Garyoe. Composition of Samyo can be restored to Yangjindang, Jugo, Woesammun, and Samyo; however, there has been no case of existence in case of Jugo building composition & arrangement takes on an aspect of a compromise between Gamyojido and Sandangjido of Garoe, which seems to be the result from flexibly interpreting and applying the rituals and studies of the proprieties of Toegye School in keeping with locational topography and realistic circumstances while making it a principle for them to observe by Toegye School. There exists a difference between Bonche and its counterpart of the upper class housing at Sangju district in that Bonche[main building] is a squre-shaped 'Ttuljip' typical of Andong setting a family ancestral ritual as a main function. Fourth, there existed a lot of hardships in raising money to cover repairs in time of doing repairs to this structure after 180 years since its establishment. In case of the repair work on Bonche, the level of renovation was limited to the replacement of old materials for rafters, doorpost, roof members and railings with new materials, together with partial alterations in case of window system. It is estimated that Yangjindang was renovated in 1808, and afterwards it was renamed Okryujeong after being re-built at another site. Through the repairs, the floor was expanded for the clan's meeting, and angle rafters and roof members were mended as well. Especially, the plane and structure of Okryujeong which was re-built at another site are expected to give clues to its restoration due to the resemblance to original appearance of Yangjindang at the time of its renovation in 1808.