• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.652-655
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• 2001

본 연구에서 시판 연제품류의 전분함량을 분석한 결과 현재 시판되고 있는 대부분의 연제품류의 전분함량은 튀김어묵, 맛살류 그리고 진어묵 순으로 적었으며 그 함량은 각각 $16.5\sim20.6\%,\;12.4\sim17.3\%,\;8.1\sim8.7\%$ 범위였다. 특히 일부 제조회사의 튀김어묵류에서는 전분함량이 고형물의 절반이상 ($51.8\%$와 $67.2\%$)을 차지하였다. 품질 기준이 되는 전분함량과 각 조직감 특성의 상관성을 분석한 결과 경도와 탄력성이 전분함량과 유의적 상관성 (p<0.01)을 나타내었다. 경도는 전분함량의 증가와 함께 양의 상관성 (p<0.01) 이 있었고 탄력성은 음의 상관성 (p<0.01)을 나타내었다. 따라서 식품공전상에서 연제품류의 분류는 어육함량만으로 하기보다는 전분함량을 규정에 첨가하거나 부수적으로 전분함량에 대한 상관성이 높은 조직감 특성의 규제사항으로 제시한다면 더 나은 제품의 품질관리에 기여할 것으로 생각되었다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.573-578
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• 2011

This research was conducted to enhance the value of low quality sweet persimmon by processing paste by combining low quality sweet persimmon and red-bean. In order to make sweet persimmon paste containing red-bean, the following procedures were executed : 1) the sweet persimmon was cleaned by water 2) the fruit stalk was removed 3) it was peeled, sliced, pitted and crushed 4) steamed and peeled red-bean paste was mixed 5) sweetening materials(starch syrup, sugar and dextrin) and salt were mixed 6) boiled and stored in refrigerator. Sweet persimmon was peeled, stem and seed was removed to make the paste. When mixing sweet persimmon paste and red-bean paste in the ratio of 6 : 4, sensory point of taste and overall desirability were higher than mixing in 5 : 5 and 4 : 6 but texture was lower. The sweet persimmon paste containing red-bean was softened and the sugar content was increased from 41.4$^{\circ}$Brix to 53.1$^{\circ}$Brix when 10% dextrin was added. The overall sensory evaluation was higher in sweet persimmon paste containing red-bean than commercial red-bean paste when 10% dextrin was added. The overall desirability also shown a significant difference between them. Even though findings were statistically insignificant, sweet persimmon powder with red-bean paste increased in texture and overall desirability compared with commercial red-beans paste. Sweet persimmon powder paste containing red-bean significantly decreased in flavor, color, taste and overall desirability compared with sweet persimmon paste containing red-bean. As a result of this study, the best combination for the quantity of sub-materials to make sweet persimmon paste was 600g of sweet persimmon, 400g of red-bean, starch syrup 120g, sugar 60g, salt 4g and dextrin 100g.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.283-290
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• 1982

Sardine and mackerel so called dark muscled fish have been underutilized due to the disadvantages in bloody meat color, high content of fat, and postmortem instability of protein. Recent efforts were made to overcome these defects and develope new types of product such as texturized protein concentrates and dark muscle eliminated minced fish. Approach of this study is based on the rapid dehydration of foamed fish-starch paste by dielectric heating. In process comminuted sardine meat was washed more than three times by soaking and decanting in chilled water and finally centrifuged. The meat was ground in a stone mortar added Ivith adequate amounts of salt, foaming agent, and other ingredients for aid to elasticity and foam stability. The ground meat paste was extruded in finger shape and heated in a microwave oven to give foamed, expanded, and porous solid structure by dehydration. Dielectric onstant $(\varepsilon')$ and dielect.ic loss $(\varepsilon")$ values of sardine meat paste were influenced by wavelength and moisture level. Those values at 100 KHz and 15 MHz were ranged 2.25-9.86; 2.22-4,18 for E' and 0.24-19.24; 0.16-1.20 for E", respectively, at the moisture levels of $4.2-13.8\%$. For a formula for fish-starch paste preparation, addition of $20-30\%$ starch (potato starch) to the weight of fish meat, $2-4\%$ salt, and $5-10\%$ soybean protein was adequate to yield 4-5 folds of expansion in volume when heated. Addition of e99 yolk was of benefit to micronize foam size and better crispness. In order to provide better foaming and dehydration, addition of $0.2-0.5\%$sodium bicarbonate, foaming agent, was proper to result in foam size of 0.5-0.7 mm and foam density of $200-400\;/cm^2$ which gave a good crispness. Heating time was depended upon the moisture level of fish-starch paste. For a finger shaped paste (1.0cm. $D\times10cm.L$) heating for 150-200 sec. in a microwave oven (700W. 2.45GHz) was sufficient to generate foams, expand, and solidify the porous structure of fish-starch paste. When the moisture content was above $55\%$ browning and scorching was deepened due to over-expansion and over-heating whereas the crispness was hardened by insufficient expansion at lower moisture content. In quality evaluation of the product, chemical composition of $30\%$ starch and $3\%$ salt added product was moisture $8.8\%$, lipid $2.4\%$, carbohydrate $46.7\%$, protein $36.1\%$, and ash $6.0\%$. Eleven membered panel test evaluated that fish-starch paste was acceptable in color, crisp-ness, taste, except a trace of fishy odour which could be masked by the addition of spice extracts.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 1978

It is well known that water holding capacity plays an important role in processing such meat products as frankfurter-type sausage and fish meat paste products as kamaboko and fish sausage. Consumer qualities of meat products, such as appearance, flavor, as well as drip and shrinkage on cooking, depend greatly on the degree of water binding. In this paper, the water holding capacities of fish paste and salt added paste of white corvenia, Argyrosomus argentatus and file fish, Novodon modestus were measured by centrifuging and press method before and after cooking. And the effects of the addition of phosphates and starch to enhance water binding and stabilize gel formation were also discussed. In addition, the experimental conditions which are suitable to determine the water binding of fish meat paste product were suggested. The results were expressed in percent of water absorbed by the filter paper when pressed or released by pressor or centrifuge to the weight of sample. From the results. a proper condition to measure the water holding capacity of fish meat paste was that 3.0 g of sample which was previously added with 10 percent water was centrifuged at 13,400 G or 12,000 rpm for 15 minutes for the centriguging method and for press method, 0.3 g sample with 10 percent of water added was extracted by an oil pressor at $30\;kg/cm^2$ for 1 minute. Water holding capacity of fresh paste of white corvenia was relatively higher than that of file fish and the difference between species of fish was greater than the difference between measurments by two methods. Sodium chloride had a great effect on enhancing the water holding capacity of fish meat paste giving better effect when 3.0 percent of salt was added. Phosphates used except calcium phosphate revealed a certain enhancement in water binding, yielding best effect at 0.3 percent addition, and metaphosphate seemed to be more effective in order. The addition of corn starch, however, appeared to be not so effective for enhancement of water binding in fresh-salt-added fish meat paste but in cooked fish paste which might be attributed to absorption of water by starch grain and swelling during the heating and consequently enforced gel strength of cooked fish paste. And the water holding capacity of cooked fish paste was proportionally related to its gel strength.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.814-818
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• 2008

Com and rice starches were physically modified by planetary mill. While native starches showed high peak viscosities (1,001 and 563 cp), it decreased largely (42 and 20 cp for rice and com starch, respectively) after 2 hr of physical modification. When two starches were co-ground, peak viscosities decreased more largely than single ground one only in 30 min, indicating the pasting properties could be easily changed by co-grinding. Especially, the higher the amount of com starch, the viscosity decreased more largely, which means that paste stability could be controlled also by changing the ratio of com and rice starch. Mean particle size increased with physical modification time since particles became spread because of shear force. There were also changes in surface morphology after physical modification. Fluid property, such as mean time to avalanche (MTA), was improved (from $6.16{\pm}0.47$ and $8.37{\pm}1.23\;sec$ to $5.47{\pm}0.78$ and $5.26{\pm}1.37\;sec$ for rice and com starch, respectively) by physical modification. Pasting property, such as swelling power, was also improved by physical modification. These mean that native starches can be applied to both conventional powder and new paste-food industry more efficiently by physical modification.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.780-786
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• 2008

Effect of acetylated starches (acetylated rice starch and acetylated tapioca starch) on rheological properties of hot pepper-soybean paste (HPSP) at different mixing ratios of rice flour (RF) and acetylated starch (AS) (10/0, 9/1, 8/2, and 7/3) was evaluated in steady and dynamic shear. All HPSP samples at $25^{\circ}C$ exhibited shear-thinning (n=0.31-0.36) and thixotropic behavior with high yield stresses and their steady flow curves were well described by power law and Casson models. The presence of AS resulted in the decrease in consistency index (K), apparent viscosity (${\eta}_{a,100}$), and yield stress (${\sigma}_{oc}$), and their predominant decreases were noticed at higher ratio of RF to AS (7/3 ratio). Arrhenius temperature relationship represents variation with temperature in the range of $5-35^{\circ}C$ with the high determination coefficients ($R^2=0.97-0.99$). Dynamic moduli (G', G", and ${\eta}^*$) values of HPSP samples mixed with AS were lower than those of HPSP with no added AS within the experimental range of frequency (0.63-62.8 rad/sec). Steady and dynamic shear rheological properties of HPSP samples seem to be greatly influenced by the presence of acetylated starch.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 1993

어육연제품의 제조시 가열에 의한 gel화 및 물성을 연구하기 위하여 Differential Scanning Calorimeter(DSC)에 의한 열적성질을 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. DSC의 온도기록도에 의하면, 명태 연육은 4개의 열전이 온도($38^{\circ}C,\;49^{\circ}C,\;55^{\circ}C,\;77^{\circ}C$)를 나타내었으며, 식염의 첨가에 의해 모든 열전이 온도가 낮아졌다. 그러나 전분의 첨가에 의해서는 어육단백질 자체에는 전혀 영향이 없었고, 전분의 호화로 인한 새로운 peak가 생성되었다. 이는 어육단백질과 전분의 호화가 상호 독립적으로 진행된다는 사실을 뒷받침해 주는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 1983

Dielectric properties of sardine-starch paste with moisture content of 4 to $13\%$ were investigated as functions of moisture and frequency. And the effects of the levels of fat and starch of the mixtures upon dielectric permittivity, critical moisture, were also mentioned. In addition, a theoretical prediction of frequency dependence of dielectric constant which was computed by the lumped circuit of two layer condenser model was evaluated. For the preparation of sardine-starch paste, comminuted sardine meat was washed thoroughly several times in chilled water by soaking and decanting, and finally centrifuged. This procedure was extended longer to provide a low fat sample. The centrifuged meat was mixed with adequate amounts of starch and salt, and ground for 25 minutes in a stone mortar, moulded in the form of disk with 7cm diameter and 1.2cm thickness and then freeze dried. Dried meat disks were cut off for the size of 5.5cm diameter and 1.0cm thickness and their moisture contents were controlled in humidified desiccators with saturated solutions. Dielectric constants of sardine-starch paste tended to decrease frequency was increased showing a critical charge at the moisture called critical moisture content. In case of the sample with $20\%$ starch and $2\%$ salt an average complex permittivity($\epsilon^{\ast}$) at 7 to $8\%$ morsture as the critical moisture content was presented; $\epsilon^{\ast}$=3.37+j 0.39 at 0.1 MHz, $\epsilon^{\ast}$=2.54+j 0.19 at 15 MHz, and $\epsilon^{\ast}$=2.15+j 0.08 at 1.8 GHz, respectively. The theoretically obtained complex permittivity values from the two layer condoner model were in close agreement with these actual measurements under the same conditions, that appeared as $\epsilon^{\ast}$=2.53+i 0.09 at 0.1 MHz and $\epsilon^{\ast}$=2.28+j 0.06 at 15 MHz, respectively. The fast level of the mixture also revealed an influence on dielectric property that defatted neat with $1.0\%$ fat showed a higher hc and $\epsilon^{\ast}$ value than the meat with $4.8\%$ fat. Complex permittivity being related to the moisture level remained nearly unchanged or slightly changed at the moisture range of 4 to $8\%$ but was dispersed widely at higher moisture contents.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.638-643
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• 1994

조리와 식품 산업에 고구마 전분의 이용 가능성을 높이기 위해 고구마를 $40^{\circ}C$ 항온기에서 2, 4, 7, 10일간 수침시킨 후 전분을 분리 제조하고 이들 전분의 호화 특성과 노화 특성을 측정하였다. 시차주사열량기에 의한 호화 양상에서 무처리 전분의 피크 온도와 엔탈피는 각각 $73.7^{\circ}C,\;1.32cal/g$으로서 폭넓은 피크를 보였으며, 수침 전분은 피크 온도와 엔탈피가 증가하였다. 알칼리 호화 양상은 초기에 급격한 점도의 증가를 보이다 완만해했으며 무처리 전분에 비해 2, 4, 7일 수침 전분의 점도는 증가하였으나 10일 수침 전분은 감하였다. 호화액의 투명도는 모든 전분에서 저장에 따라 감소하였으며 수침 기간이 길어질수록 투명도는 낮아졌다. ${\alpha}$-아밀라아제-요오드법에 의한 노화도는 무처리 전분에 비해 수침 전분은 증가하였고, 노화 전분의 시차주사열량기에 의한 엔탈피도 4일 수침시킨 전분을 제외하고 수침에 의해 증가하였다. 무처리 전분과 분해 후 잔여 전분에 고구마 추출액을 첨가하여 호화시키며 노화도가 낮아졌으며 노화 억제 정도는 분해 후 잔여 전분이 더 컸다.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2017

전량 폐기되는 파지두부로부터 제조된 두부 페이스트와 14종의 NSP들을 혼합하여 도넛의 흡유저감에 대한 효과를 조사하였다. 두부 페이스트만을 첨가한 도넛(두부도넛)의 흡유저감율은 10.8%이었으나, 두부 페이스트와 NSP를 함께 사용하는 경우 도넛(NSP-두부도넛)의 흡유저감율은 두부도넛에 비해 향상되었다. 두부 페이스트와 함께 첨가된 NSP들의 흡유저감율에 대한 효과는 NaA가 41.2%로 가장 높았으며, HMP>XAT>CN10T = LMP = ALMP ${\lambda}C$>GG>LBG>${\iota}C$>${\kappa}C$>CN15U>GLG>CN40H 순으로 증가하였다. 또한 NSP 만을 흡유저감 소재로 첨가하였을 때보다 두부 페이스트와 함께 사용하는 것이 도넛의 흡유저감에 더욱 효과적이었고, 그 효과는 음이온성 검류들에서 뚜렷하였다. 유탕처리 시 두부 페이스트의 갈변으로 인해 두부 페이스트 및 두부 페이스트-NSP를 첨가한 도넛들은 대조군에 비해 명도가 감소하고 황색도가 증가하였으나 그 차이는 미미하였다. 두부 페이스트와 함께 NaA, ${\kappa}C$, LBG를 첨가하여 제조된 도넛의 비용적은 대조군과 유사한 수준을 나타내었다. 따라서 도넛의 흡유저감율과 비용적을 고려하면 두부 페이스트와 NaA를 흡유저감 소재로 함께 사용하는 것이 흡유저감 도넛을 제조하는데 가장 적합한 것으로 판단된다. 그럼에도 NaA 보다는 흡유저감율이 적지만 ${\kappa}C$과 LBG을 두부 페이스트와 혼합하여 사용하는 것도 차선책으로서 의미가 있을 것 같다.