• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.15-34
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• 2004

Diverse benefits such as reduction of fresh water consumption and effluent discharge, efficient use of raw materials and energy savings can be obtained by papermaking system closure. Closure of papermaking processes, however, causes many problems including reduction of the efficiency of additives, decrease of retention and dewatering, felt plugging, poor Paper quality, generation of slime and odor, poor vacuum efficiency, etc, and it has been recognized that accumulation of Inorganic and organic substances in the process white water is the prime cause of these problems. Therefore, technological developments for preventing accumulation of these detrimental substances are urgently required for Implementing papermaking system closure. Understanding of the accumulation phenomena of the inorganic and organic substances in the papermaking process white water is prerequisite for papermaking system closure. In this study a process simulation method was used to analyze the accumulation phenomena of anionic starch In the process white water as the closure level of a fine paper making process is increased. A pilot paper machine was used as a model process. Starch adsorption and desorption models were developed based on the concept of starch adsorption ratio, which was not considered in previous studies. Steady state simulation studies were carried out based on this model using a commercial simulator. In steady state simulation, the variation of dissolved starch concentration in each process unit was monitored as a function of white water usage for wire shower. The result of the steady state simulation showed that dissolved starch concentration and its increase ratio in Process units increased as white water usage ratio for wire shower increased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.173-173
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• 2022

In this study, we investigated whether there is another amaranth GBSS isoform in an attempt to characterize the synthesis of amylose in the pericarp. We used I2/KI staining to analyze the temporal and spatial starch accumulation patterns during seed development. The spatiotemporal starch accumulation patterns in developing seeds were observed by staining with I2/KI. Starch granules were observed in the pericarp in the initial developmental stage (3 DAP). A few starch granules were detected in the perisperm in the early-late developmental stage (8 DAP), during which the pericarp starch contents rapidly decreased. Starch granules were distributed throughout the perisperm in the mid-late developmental stage (15 DAP). Similar results were reported for other cereal crops, including barley, rice, and sorghum. Starch granules in the pericarp are synthesized during the early seed developmental stages but are absent in mature seeds. We recently reported that starch deposits in the perisperm of developing amaranth seeds are detectable only after the initial developmental stage. Prior to this stage, the pericarp is the major site of starch deposition. A recent study suggested that GBSSII isoforms are responsible for amylose synthesis in pericarps.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.35-43
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• 2004

Reduction of fresh water consumption and effluent discharge provide diverse advantages in raw materials and energy savings. Papermaking system closure, however, reduces the efficiency of additives, decreases retention and dewatering, and causes many other Problems in papermaking. Accumulation of inorganic and organic substances in the process white water is the prime cause of these problems. Understanding of the accumulation phenomena of the detrimental substances in the papermaking process is of great importance for papermaking system closure. In this study a process simulation method was employed to analyze the accumulation phenomena of anionic starch in the process white water as the reuse rate of dry broke and pick up of surface sizing agent is increased. Steady state simulation studies were carried out based on the model developed in previous study. The variation of dissolved starch concentration in each process unit was monitored as a function of reuse rate of dry broke and surface sizing agent pick up rate. The result showed that dissolved starch concentration Increased as reuse rate of dry broke and surface sizing agent pick up rate was increased.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.38 no.2 s.115
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

In this study a process simulation method was used to analyze the accumulation phenomena of anionic starch in the process white water as the closure level of a fine paper making process is increased. A pilot paper machine was used as a model process. Dynamic simulations of the influence of white water usage ratio and uncoated broke addition ratio on the variation of process variable was monitored as a function of time. Results from the dynamic simulations showed that the volume of reservoirs affected the dynamic behavior of the process. The dynamic behavior of flow rate and dissolved starch concentration in process units were different from each other. The speed of the change of dissolved starch concentration in process units was depend on the starting point of the change of dissolved starch concentration, the length of circulation loop, and the volume of reservoirs.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.461-467
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• 1993

Transglycosylation reaction of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) was analyzed in the attrition coupled heterogeneous reaction system using raw starch as a donor` and mono-, di-saccharide, and glycoside as acceptors. For transglycosylation reaction of stevioside, the transglycosylation rate was similar and the transglycosylation yield was increased compare with conventional process using liquefied starch as the donor. Also the accumulation of maltooligosaccharides in reaction mixture was minimized.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.21 no.3 s.52
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• pp.128-132
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• 1982

Starch contents in healthy and powdery mildew-infected spring barley leaves at first and fifth leaf stages were measured at different intervals after inoculation. Different patterns of starch accumulation in the susceptible cultivar Peruvian and the adult plant resistant cultivar Asse were found in infected first and fifth leaves. At the early phase of infection, the amount of starch in infected first leaves was slightly changed in both cultivars. During colony development and sporulation, the decrease in starch content was .more marked in the susceptible Peruvian, whereas the amounts of starch in the adult plant resistant Asse increased during colony development and then decreased sharply before and after sporulation. In heavily infected first leaves, the susceptible cultivar Peruvian showed a drastic decrease in starch content. In the adult plant resistant cultivar Asse, the higher amount of starch retained in these infected leaves, regardless of infection intensity. The regulation of starch accumulation in mildewed barley plants at different leaf stages was discussed in relation to adult plant resistance of spring barley.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.249-258
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• 1988

Changes in starch content and activities of ADPG- and UDPG-starch synthase and $\alpha$- and, $\beta$-amylase were studied in order to investigate effects of gibberellic aicd and abscisic acid on endogenous starch content during shoot differentiation and protocorm propagation in Cymbidium spp. (Jungfrau) protocorm. Shoot differentiation was promoted during the degradation of endogenous starch and protocorn propagation was promoted during starch accumulation in protocorm. The activities of ADPG- and, UDPG-starch synthase and $\alpha$- and $\beta$-amylase seemed to be related with starch content. Shoot differentiation and protocorm propagation were slightly inhibited in protocorm explants treated with 100$\mu$M gibberellic acid. The explants treated with 10$\mu$M abscisic acid lost the capacity for shoot differentiation and protocorm propagation, and that could not be overcome by 100$\mu$M gibberellic acid added to culture medium. Starch content fluctuated as the control even after 10$\mu$M abscisic acid. None the less, the treatment completely inhibited shoot differentiation and protocorm propagation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.236-245
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• 2016

Because microalgae represent high growth rate than terrestrial plants, and it can accumulate significant lipid and carbohydrate content, and other bioactive compounds such as carotenoid and polyphenol in their body, it has been considered as one of the promising resources in bio-energy, and other industries. Although many studies has been performed about the microalgae-derived biochemical accumulation under various abiotic conditions such as different temperatures, salinities and light intensities, the studies about simultaneous effect of those parameters has rarely been performed. Therefore, this study focused on evaluation of simultaneous effect of different salinity (10, 30, 50 psu) and temperatures (20, 25, $30^{\circ}C$) on the changes of biomass, lipid, starch and photosynthetic pigment accumulation. As results, the highest growth rate was achieved at $30^{\circ}C$ and 30 psu in the both algal cultures, and the photosynthetic pigment, chlorophyll a and total carotenoid content, were increased in a temperature-dependent manner. The accumulation of lipid and starch contents exhibited different aspects under different combinations of temperature and salinity. From the results, it is suggested that the changes of microalgal lipid and starch accumulation under different salinities may be affected by the different temperatures.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.288-293
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• 2000

Two rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.), Hwa-seongbyeo of Japonica type and Taebackbyeo of Indica/Japonica type, were cultivated with hydroponic culture to examine nitrogen effects on the growth responses, contents and utilizations of carbohydrates, and the ripening velocity of grains with three different N levels. Plant height and tiller number were clearly increased to 80 ppm N level compared to 40 ppm N level and then they were slightly decreased in N level of 120 ppm. Higher dry weights were appeared with 80 ppm N level than did with other N levels, showing statistically differences in both cultivars and N levels, while dry weight of roots was heavier with decreasing the N levels. Therefore, T/R ratios were not significantly different among N levels, although there was statistically differences between rice cultivars. After the flowering stage, higher water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and water-insoluble carbohydrate (WISC) were contained in stem compared with other parts, showing that WISC of sheath and stem, unlike WSC, was significantly different among N levels. Starch of grain, WISC, was remarkedly increased from 3.0% at just after the flowering to 52.0% and 75.0% at 15 and 30 day after the flowering, respectively, showing that lower N application had faster accumulation of starch in rice grains. N would affect the contents of carbohydrates of each tissue, and starch accumulation in rice grains.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 1991

Production of cyclodextrin (CD) directly from raw corn starch without liquefaction using cyclodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase) was carried out in an agitated bead reaction system. Similar CD yield and production rate comparable with those of conventional method using liquefied starch were obtained. Especially high purity-CD in the reaction mixture without accumulation of malto-oligosaccharides was obtained. The maximum 54g/l of CD was obtained at raw starch concentration of 200g/l. CD yield was inversely proportional to raw starch concentration, and conversion yield was 0.48 at substrate concentration of 100g/l. The optimal amount of enzyme (CGTase unit/g raw starch) was found to be around 6.0. Granular structure of raw starch degraded by CGTase was observed by SEM in order to investigate the enhancing mechanism, along with those of acid or alkali pretreated raw starch, amylose, and amylopectin. Kinetic constants of CGTase on raw starch in an agitated bead reaction system were evaluated, and CGTase was competitively inhibited by CD.