• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.83-98
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the test-retest of plantar pressures using the F-Scan system over speeds and plantar regions. 6 healthy female subjects in 20's were recruited for the study. Plantar pressure measurements during locomotor activities can provide information concerning foot function, particularly if the timing and magnitude of the loading profile can be related to the location of specific foot structures such as the metatarsal heads. The Tekscan F-Scan system consists of a flexible, 0.18mm thick sole-shape having 1260 pressure sensors, the sensor insole was trimmed to fit the subjects' right. left shoes - sneakers shoes & dress shoes. It was calibrated by the known weight of the test subject standing on one foot. The Tekscan measurements show the insole pressure distribution as a function of the time. This finding has important implications for the development of plantar pressure test protocols where the function of the forefoot is important. According to the result of analysis it is as follows 1) Center of force trajectory in women's dress shoes display direct movement, compare with center of force trajectory in Sneaker shoes displays a little bit curved slow pronation movement. Sneaker shoes in forefoot part display very quick supination movement, therefore, this shoes effects negative effectiveness for ankle's stability Considering center of force trajectory analyzing the more center of force close straight line, the more movement can be quick movement for locomotion. For foot pressure distribution, center of force trajectory in locomotion is better to curved trajectory with pronation movement. So sneaker shoes style is good shoes considering center of pressure distribution trajectory compare with women's dress shoes. 2) Women's dress shoes increased peak pressure in medial, this is effected by high hill's height. The more increased women's dress shoes's height, the more women's peak pressure will increase, pronation can increase compare with before. Supination movement increase, this focused pressure in lateral, also, supination increased more. If the supination movement increased, foot pressure focused in lateral, therefore, it is appeared force distribution in gait direction. This is bad movement in foot's stability. 3) Women's dress shoes in landing phase displayed a long time, this is when women's dress shoes wear, gait movement is unbalance, so, landing phase displayed a long time. For compensation in gait, swing phase quick movement. 4) Women's dress shoes displayed peak pressure distribution in lateral of rearfoot part, Sneakers shoes displayed peak pressure distribution in medial of forefoot part. Its results has good impact absorption compare with women's dress shoes. In forefoot part, sneakers shoes has good propulsive force compare with women's dress shoes.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 2017

Purpose The high-dose administration of I-131 has been standing for the basic therapy method of thyroid cancer. In korea, it is not necessary for patients to be hospitalized if the administration dose are under 1.2 GBq. However, if the dose are over 1.2 GBq, the patients should be stay in special ward with radiation shield. In such cases, the radioactivity level upon release should be under a dose of $70{\mu}Sv/hr$ at a distance of approx. 1m. This regulation bring the patients to stay for about 2 to 3 days in ward before the release. Materials and Methods Using the inpatients' release data of severance hospital, an inpatient-days were retrospectively calculated and compared with practical data and estimate the inpatient-days with the conditions of korea ($70{\mu}Sv/hr$), Japan ($30{\mu}Sv/hr$), germany ($3.5{\mu}Sv/hr$ at a distance of approx. 2 m), and other european countries. Results When a effective half-life of 15.4 was used, the expected inpatient-days were calculated as 2.15 days in the condition of Japanese regulation and 1.37 days in the condition of korean regulation. The practical inpatient-days of patients in Severance hospital were 1.32 days. Conclusion As ICRP 94 has been mentioned that the release of patients administrated with I-131 for the therapy should be carefully considered because each patients has different thyroid uptake rate and their conditions with family members after the release from the ward. Nonetheless, efforts to bring more aquate data which is for getting closer to the practical data should be continuously studied.

• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.754-765
• /
• 2020

Currently, Intelligent femoral prostheses that support the corresponding mode in walking and specific movements are being studied. Certain controls such as upstairs, sitting, and standing require a technique to classify control commands based on the user's intention because the mode must be changed before the operation. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a technique that can classify various control commands based on the user's intention in the intelligent thigh prosthesis system. If it is determined that the EMG signal needs to be compensated, the proposed technique compensates the EMG signal using the correlation between the strength and frequency components of the normal EMG signal and the muscle volume estimated by the pressure sensor. Through the experiment, it was confirmed that the user's intention was accurately detected even in the situation where muscle fatigue was accumulated. Improved intention detection techniques allow five control modes to be distinguished based on the number of muscle contractions within a given period of time. The results of the experiment confirmed that 97.5% accuracy was achieved through muscle tone compensation even if the strength of the muscle signal was different from normal due to muscle fatigue after exercise.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.123-133
• /
• 1993

Shingal reservoir is a relatively small (211ha) and shallow impoundment, and approximately 25 ha of its sediment is exposed after spring drawdown. At least 14 vascular p13n1 species germinate on the exposed sediment, but Persimria vulgaris Webb et Moq. quickly dominates the vegetation. In order to estimate the role of the vegetation in the dynamics of heavy metal pollutants in the reservoir, Cu concentration of water, fallout particles, exposed sediment, and tissues of p. vulgaris, Ivas analyzed. Cu content in reservoir water decreased from $13.10mg/m^2$ on May 15 (before dralvdown) to $3.08mg/m^2$ in June 1 (after drawdown), mainly due to the loiwering of water level. Average atmospheric deposition of Cu by fallout particles was $10.84 {\mu}g/m^2/day$. Cu content in the surface 15cm of exposed sediment decreased from $5.094g1m^2$ right after drawdown, to $0.530g/m^2$ in 41 days, which is a 89.6% decrease. Therefore up to 99.7% of Cu in the reservoir appears to exist in the sediment. only 0.3% in water If the rate of atmospheric Input by fallout particles is assumed to have been the same since 1958, when the reservoir was completed, cumulative input of Cu during the 38 years would have been $150.35mg/m^2$, which is only 3.0% of Cu content in sediment right after drawdown. Therefore, most of Cu in the Shingal reservoir must have been transported by the Shingal-chun flowing into the reservoir, Standing crop of vegetation on the exposed sediment 41 days after drawdown was $730.67g/m^2$, of which 630.91g/m2 was p. vulgaris alone, and Cu content in P vulgaris at this time was $6.612mg/m^2$. This was only 0.13% of Cu in the exposed sediment, but was 50.5% of Cu in water before drawdown, or 167% of the average annual input of Cu by atmospheric deposition. If other plants were assumed to absorb Cu to the same concentration as p. vulgaris, total amount of Cu absorbed in 41 days by vegetation on the exposed sediment is estimated to be 1913.3 g, which is a considerable contribution to the purification of the reservoir water.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.29-29
• /
• 1993

Shingal reservoir is a relatively small (211ha) and shallow impoundment, and approximately 25 ha of its sediment is exposed after spring drawdown. At least 14 vascular p13n1 species germinate on the exposed sediment, but Persimria vulgaris Webb et Moq. quickly dominates the vegetation. In order to estimate the role of the vegetation in the dynamics of heavy metal pollutants in the reservoir, Cu concentration of water, fallout particles, exposed sediment, and tissues of p. vulgaris, Ivas analyzed. Cu content in reservoir water decreased from $13.10mg/m^2$ on May 15 (before dralvdown) to $3.08mg/m^2$ in June 1 (after drawdown), mainly due to the loiwering of water level. Average atmospheric deposition of Cu by fallout particles was $10.84 {\mu}g/m^2/day$. Cu content in the surface 15cm of exposed sediment decreased from $5.094g1m^2$ right after drawdown, to $0.530g/m^2$ in 41 days, which is a 89.6% decrease. Therefore up to 99.7% of Cu in the reservoir appears to exist in the sediment. only 0.3% in water If the rate of atmospheric Input by fallout particles is assumed to have been the same since 1958, when the reservoir was completed, cumulative input of Cu during the 38 years would have been $150.35mg/m^2$, which is only 3.0% of Cu content in sediment right after drawdown. Therefore, most of Cu in the Shingal reservoir must have been transported by the Shingal-chun flowing into the reservoir, Standing crop of vegetation on the exposed sediment 41 days after drawdown was $730.67g/m^2$, of which 630.91g/m2 was p. vulgaris alone, and Cu content in P vulgaris at this time was $6.612mg/m^2$. This was only 0.13% of Cu in the exposed sediment, but was 50.5% of Cu in water before drawdown, or 167% of the average annual input of Cu by atmospheric deposition. If other plants were assumed to absorb Cu to the same concentration as p. vulgaris, total amount of Cu absorbed in 41 days by vegetation on the exposed sediment is estimated to be 1913.3 g, which is a considerable contribution to the purification of the reservoir water.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.3-11
• /
• 2020

Problems related to construction contracts arise if they are not reflected in the design phase from the planning phase of the construction project, or if they are not properly dealt with despite various changes in the construction phase. So far, there have been a number of discussions in Korea regarding the improvement of the procedures for resolving construction disputes, and the problems related to the procedures for solving construction disputes have been raised steadily, but the problems related to the procedures for solving construction disputes are still unresolved. Therefore, in this study, the followings were proposed to strengthen the international competitiveness of the construction industry. First, the so-called Construction Dispute Mediation Act should be enacted to prepare the basis for the establishment of a tentatively named Construction Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Agency(CDMA). Second, the work of the CDMA should be limited to the work of supporting the DRB, mediation and Arbitration the private and public sectors. Third, it is required to choose between adjustment and arbitration when obtaining a contract and to operate the DRB during construction phase. Fourth, CDMA should be established as standing bodies, and branches should be operated in various parts of the country. Fifth, construction experts from various areas should be included as members so that disputes over construction contracts can be dealt with quickly. And finally, relevant laws that specify the procedures for dealing with construction disputes should be amended together.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.189-203
• /
• 2008

The physical and chemical properties of radioactive waste drums, which have been temporarily stored on site, should be characterized before their shipment to a disposal facility in order to prove that the properties meet the acceptance guideline. The investigation of NDT(Nondestructive Test) method was figured out that the contents in drum, the quantitative analysis of free standing water and void fraction can be examined with X-ray NDT techniques. This paper describes the characteristics of X-ray NDT such as its principles, the considerations for selection of X-ray system, etc. And then, the waste drum characteristics such as drum type and dimension, contents in drum, etc. were examined, which are necessary to estimate the optimal X-ray energy for NDT of a drum. The estimation results were that: $(R)\acute{A}$ the proper X-ray energy is under 3 MeV to test the drums of 320 ${\beta}\S$ and less; $(R)\ddot{E}$ both X-ray systems of 450 keV and/or 3 MeV might be needed considering the economical efficiency and the realization. The number of drums that can be tested with 450 keV and 3 MeV X-ray system was figured out as 42,327 and 18,105 drums (based on storage of 2006. 12), respectively. Four testing scenarios were derived considering equipment procurement method, outsourcing or not, etc. The economical and feasibility assessment for the scenarios was resulted in that an optimal scenario is dependent on the acceptance guide line, the waste generator's policy on the waste treatment and the delivery to a disposal facility, etc. For example, it might be desirable that a waste generator purchases two 450 keV mobile system to examine the drums containing low density waste, and that outsourcing examination for the high density drums, if all NDT items such as quantitative analysis for 'free standing water' and 'void fraction', and confirmation of contents in drum have to be characterized. However, one 450 keV mobile system seems to be required to test only the contents in 13,000 drums per year.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.1-23
• /
• 2018

From the 21st century, various high-quality services have come up with the growth of the internet or 'Information and Communication Technologies'. Especially, the scale of E-commerce industry in which Amazon and E-bay are standing out is exploding in a large way. As E-commerce grows, Customers could get what they want to buy easily while comparing various products because more products have been registered at online shopping malls. However, a problem has arisen with the growth of E-commerce. As too many products have been registered, it has become difficult for customers to search what they really need in the flood of products. When customers search for desired products with a generalized keyword, too many products have come out as a result. On the contrary, few products have been searched if customers type in details of products because concrete product-attributes have been registered rarely. In this situation, recognizing texts in images automatically with a machine can be a solution. Because bulk of product details are written in catalogs as image format, most of product information are not searched with text inputs in the current text-based searching system. It means if information in images can be converted to text format, customers can search products with product-details, which make them shop more conveniently. There are various existing OCR(Optical Character Recognition) programs which can recognize texts in images. But existing OCR programs are hard to be applied to catalog because they have problems in recognizing texts in certain circumstances, like texts are not big enough or fonts are not consistent. Therefore, this research suggests the way to recognize keywords in catalog with the Deep Learning algorithm which is state of the art in image-recognition area from 2010s. Single Shot Multibox Detector(SSD), which is a credited model for object-detection performance, can be used with structures re-designed to take into account the difference of text from object. But there is an issue that SSD model needs a lot of labeled-train data to be trained, because of the characteristic of deep learning algorithms, that it should be trained by supervised-learning. To collect data, we can try labelling location and classification information to texts in catalog manually. But if data are collected manually, many problems would come up. Some keywords would be missed because human can make mistakes while labelling train data. And it becomes too time-consuming to collect train data considering the scale of data needed or costly if a lot of workers are hired to shorten the time. Furthermore, if some specific keywords are needed to be trained, searching images that have the words would be difficult, as well. To solve the data issue, this research developed a program which create train data automatically. This program can make images which have various keywords and pictures like catalog and save location-information of keywords at the same time. With this program, not only data can be collected efficiently, but also the performance of SSD model becomes better. The SSD model recorded 81.99% of recognition rate with 20,000 data created by the program. Moreover, this research had an efficiency test of SSD model according to data differences to analyze what feature of data exert influence upon the performance of recognizing texts in images. As a result, it is figured out that the number of labeled keywords, the addition of overlapped keyword label, the existence of keywords that is not labeled, the spaces among keywords and the differences of background images are related to the performance of SSD model. This test can lead performance improvement of SSD model or other text-recognizing machine based on deep learning algorithm with high-quality data. SSD model which is re-designed to recognize texts in images and the program developed for creating train data are expected to contribute to improvement of searching system in E-commerce. Suppliers can put less time to register keywords for products and customers can search products with product-details which is written on the catalog.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.49
• /
• pp.257-281
• /
• 2011

The duty of utmost good faith is found in sections 17-20 of MIA 1906. Critics of the current legal regime on the pre-contractual duty from the viewpoint of the assured, have been concentrated on two points in particular. First, the scope of the duty is so wide that it imposes too high burden on the assured. The second criticism is directed at the remedy, prescribed by the MIA 1906, s.17, against breach of the duty. This article intends to analyse the legal implications of proposals in CP 2007 for reforming pre-contractual duty of utmost good faith of business assured in English insurance contracts law and the problems of proposals. The Law Commissions are proposing four fundamental changes to meet the long-standing criticism and the results of analysis are as following. First, the Law Commissions are proposing a change in the test of constructive knowledge in relation to the duty of disclosure so that a business assured will be obliged to disclose facts which he knows or a reasonable ought to know in the circumstances. Secondly, deviating from the current legal position, the Law Commissions are proposing that if a business assured has made a misrepresentation, but the assured honestly and reasonably believe what it said to be true, the insurer should not have any remedy due to the misrepresentation. The proposal is designed to protect the reasonable expectations of business assured at the pre-contractual stage. Thirdly, the Law Commissions are proposing to change the test for materiality by replacing the "prudent insurer" test by a "reasonable assured" test. The proposed test would focus on the question of what a reasonable assured in the circumstances would think what is relevant to the judgment of the insurer. Finally, the Law Commissions are proposing flexible remedies in case of the breach of the duty. The Law Commissions are proposing no remedy when an assured is acting honestly and reasonably, while avoidance in case of dishonesty. On the other hand, The Law Commissions seem to have an intention to introduce a compensatory remedy in case of negligent breach of the duty.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.44
• /
• pp.251-278
• /
• 2015

Registered security guards carry out police duties as civilian police who are in charge of security service, and so they have a two-fold status: a civilian in terms of a social standing and a policeman in the way that they execute the authority of security. The problem caused by this legal position is that their legal rights and obligation can be unclear in the task-action and working relationship. This paper attempts to study their functions, rights, and legal duties through the interpretation of the related positive law so as to reveal the problems that may spring from this ambiguous status of registered security guards. This endeavor illuminates their legal status specified in the positive law in and around the Act on the police assigned for special guard, observing their functions and the legal duties in the pursuit of their tasks, and ending up pointing out the problems of the positive law. As a result of research work, the most significant problems, even if multifarious, are the avoidance of the state reparation in the responsibility for the illegal behavior in connection with their operation; the unconstitutionality of the disciplinary punishment regulation originated from the entrust with full powers; the imperfection of the rules about the cooperative ties with the police; the possibility of human rights abuse caused by the ban on the labor dispute; the equality problems from the dual pay system; and the inadequacy of the codes about the recruitment qualification and method. This research is intended to help achieve the purpose of the security of national critical facilities through the smooth execute of duties as well as the protection of the guards' rights. Besides, the key focuses posed in this paper are worthy of being developed more accurately through the following researches.