• Wind and Structures
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.213-233
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• 2005

Wind uplift rating of roofing systems is based on standardized test methods. Roof specimens are placed in an apparatus with a specified table size (length and width) then subjected to the required wind load cycle. Currently, there is no consensus on the table size to be used by these testing protocols in spite of the fact that the table size plays a significant role in wind uplift performance. Part I of this paper presented a study with the objective to investigate the impact of table size on the performance of roofing systems. To achieve this purpose, extensive numerical experiments using the finite element method have been conducted and benchmarked with results obtained from the experimental work. The present contribution is a continuation of the previous research and can be divided into two parts: (1) Undertake additional numerical simulations for wider membranes that were not addressed in the previous works. Due to the advancement in membrane technology, wider membranes are now available in the market and are used in commercial roofing practice as it reduces installation cost and (2) Formulate a logical step to combine and generalize over 400 numerical tests and experiments on various roofing configurations and develop correction factors such that it can be of practical use to determine the wind uplift resistance of roofs.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.157-164
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• 2022

The TMD has a simpler structure than other vibration control devices and shows excellent control performance for the standardized vibration occurring in the structure. However, when the vibration cycle of the structure coincides with the vibration cycle of the TMD due to the sudden external loads, the off-tuning occurs, which threatens the structure while increasing the vibration width of the TMD. Therefore, Electromagnetic Tuned Mass Damper (ETMD) was developed as a semi-active TMD that prevents off-tuning while exhibiting excellent control performance like TMD. To verify the control performance of the developed ETMD, the bending behavior control performance evaluation experiment using a simple beam bridge was performed. The experimental method compared the mutual control power by experimenting with the existing TMD method and the developed ETMD under nine excitation frequency conditions. As a result, it was confirmed that the control effect of ETMD was about 4.85% higher than that of TMD at 3.02Hz, which generates the maximum displacement in the simple beam bridge. Also, the off-tuning occurred in some excitation conditions when using TMD, although the off-tuning did not occur when using ETMD. Therefore, the excellent control performance of the ETMD developed in this study was verified.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.765-784
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• 2015

Connections are usually designed either as pinned usually associated with simple construction or rigid normally is associated with continuous construction. However, the actual behaviour falls in between these two extreme cases. The use of partial strength or semi-rigid connections has been encouraged by Euro-code 3 and studies on semi-continuous construction have shown substantial savings in steel weight of the overall construction. Composite connections are proposed in this paper as partial or full strength connections. Standardized connection tables are developed based on checking on all possible failure modes as suggested by "component method" for beam-to-column composite connection on major axis. Four experimental tests were carried out to validate the proposed standardised connection table. The test results showed good agreement between experimental and theoretical values with the ratio in the range between 1.06 to 1.50. All tested specimens of the composite connections showed ductile type of failure with the formation of cracks occurred on concrete slab at maximum load. No failure occurred on the Trapezoidal Web Profiled Steel Section as beam and on the British Section as column.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.295-308
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this quasi-experimental research is to develop the CP for primary THR patients and verify its effectiveness. Method: The CP is designed for both patients and medical employees to meet the 14-day-long hospitalization with an expert and clinical validity test, and the standardized orders are also created. 21 eligible subjects for the control group(with common care plan) and 27 subjects for the experimental group(with CP service) were assigned. Data were collected from questionnaires to evaluate patients' satisfaction level of nursing care and CP, investigation of physical complications, inspection of LOS(length of hospital stay) and hospital charges from April 2000 to February 2001 at K-hospital in Daegu. The collected data were analyzed by using the SAS program. Results: After implementation of CP, there was a statistically significant reduction in mean length of stay. The hospital charges have no considerable difference between two groups. Frequency of physical complications is reduced considerably. The experimental group scored much higher than the control group on the satisfaction level toward nursing care. And in the analysis of CP satisfaction questionnaires, many subjects have high satisfaction in items of 'I see the treatment process and hospital life', 'I feel that I am participating in my treatment process with health care staff'. The analysis of variances which cause a prolonged LOS supports that it's necessary to strengthen an evaluation of pre-operative outpatients' condition and link the home nursing care system in discharge for more shortening of LOS. Conclusion: The above results show that CP can have a positive impact on satisfaction level of inpatients with primary THR and the hospital.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.156-160
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• 2005

We consider practical experimental design strategies and analysis to find out whether a modified method give better results than the standard method. The most practical design strategy is for experimenter to make r successive runs under the current standard method and then, change the standard method to a modified method to make another r successive runs under a modified method. To test a statistically significant difference between the population mean of the standard method and a modified method, additional recent data for sufficient number of consecutive responses under the standard method is needed to construct external reference distribution(Box, et al., 1968). Upon those informations unavailable, the practical design strategy is to run the experiment by split plot designs. In this paper, two types of split plot designs are proposed and how to determine efficiently the number of repetition within a given method and replication of those two methods are discussed based on results of the level of significance ${\alpha}$= 0.05 and the power being at least 0.9 at the detectable difference of ${\mu}_2-{\mu}_1=1.5{\times}{\sigma}$.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.703-706
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• 2010

Recently, a need to encode a depth image has been raising with the deployment of 3D video services. The 3DV/FTV group in the MPEG has standardized the compression method of depth map image. Because conventional depth map coding methods are independently encoded without referencing the color image, coding performance of conventional algorithms is poor. In this letter, we proposed a novel method which rearranged modes of depth blocks according to modes of corresponding color blocks by using a correlation between color and depth images. In experimental results, the proposed method achieves bits reduction of 2.2% compared with coding method based on JSVM.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.200-204
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• 2021

Background: Standardized procedures for the clinical application of fire cupping methods have not been established. In particular, the pressure parameters have not been fully characterized and described. Therefore, using various materials, this study investigated the pressure range exerted during fire cupping therapy. Methods: In this study, 3 differently sized (small, medium, large) glass and bamboo cups were used in the cotton ball fire cupping procedure to measure the pressure inside the cup applied to a human skin model. The pressure in each cup was measured 15 times for a total of 90 measurements. Results: A small bamboo cup had the minimum overall pressure (-305.4 mmHg), whereas the large glass cup exerted the maximum pressure (-401.3 mmHg), followed by the medium glass cup, large bamboo cup, small glass cup, and medium bamboo cup. The average pressure exerted by the cotton ball method for all cups ranged from -348.715 mmHg to -358.694 mmHg (95% confidence interval). Overall, the glass cups had a greater pressure than the bamboo cups in all groups (p < 0.001). Among the glass cups used, the larger the size of the cup, the higher the average pressure detected (-381.947 mmHg to -391.973 mmHg; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Large glass cups which are widely used in clinical practice, when used in the fire cupping method exerted pressure ranging from -381.947 mmHg to -391.973 mmHg (95% CI).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.102-110
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose an object detection method for real-time in infrared (IR) images and PowerPC (PPC) and H/W design based on field programmable gate array (FPGA). An open H/W architecture has the advantages, such as easy transplantation of HW and S/W, support of compatibility and scalability for specification of current and previous versions, common module design using standardized design, and convenience of management and maintenance. Proposed background modeling for an open H/W architecture design decreases size of search area to construct a sparse block template of search area in IR images. We also apply to compensate for motion compensation when image moves in previous and current frames of IR sensor. Separation method of background and objects apply to adaptive values through time analysis of pixel intensity. Method of clutter reduction to appear near separated objects applies to median filter. Methods of background modeling, object detection, median filter, labeling, merge in the design embedded system execute in PFC processor. Based on experimental results, proposed method showed real-time object detection through global motion compensation and background modeling in the proposed embedded system.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.18-30
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• 2015

As the speed of networks that subscribers can use has greatly increased, demand for high-quality broadcast content, such as from Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) and Video on Demand (VoD), is likewise increasing. Therefore, while broadcasters are increasing content and channels, they are striving to improve consumer quality of experience (QoE) to differentiate themselves from competitors, including by producing higher physical-quality content. Recently, subjective measurement methods have been internationally standardized as the most reliable approach for measuring and evaluating IPTV QoE. However, a majority of these methods are performed in experimental environments and are based on the extremely brief viewing period of approximately ten seconds using original reference videos. It is actually difficult to apply standard evaluation methods based on a ten-second viewing interval to assess real broadcast watching of IPTV or other services that involve a longer time (i.e., more than thirty minutes). In this paper, we therefore propose a method that accommodates actual viewing environments. Using the mean opinion score, we experimentally analyze the effects of evaluation interval changes under actual conditions in which IPTV service is provided. In addition, we propose improvements by applying the results into actual live broadcast IPTV service and by analyzing consumer service QoE.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.371-380
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• 2013

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of design parameters of vibrotactile signals on semantic association with transmitted information conveying different meanings. Background: As information communication relying on human visual channel becomes excessive, the utility of vibrotactile signals is being interested as a substitute measure of delivering information. Properly designed hapticons may relieve burden of visual communication by rendering distinct and meaningfully compatible haptic sensations. Method: A typical Kansei engineering approach was adopted in this study. Ten most distinctive hapticons were selected among those having different frequencies and amplitudes. Associations between the hapticons and twenty four pairs of adjectives used to describe the state of automobile in control were gathered from thirty subjects using semantic differential scales. Results: The selected pairs of adjectives were summarized by factor analysis into two semantic dimensions named 'Awareness' and 'Directionality'. The experimental hapticons matched with the semantic dimensions were presented as a haptic emotion map. Conclusion: The results from this study support that frequencies and amplitudes of haptic signals play important roles in arousing different human perceptions regarding the two haptic emotional dimensions. Application: Properly designed hapticons with respect to the contents of transmitted information will increase human operator's situation awareness as well as system performance. The result from this study can be used to develop standardized hapticons for active haptic communication.