• 한국안전학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2007

Standard safety management costs can not be applied to each site with same rate, it is very difficult, because it depends on the experience, work method, work kind, work progress schedule, and hazard level of each construction company. Therefore, this study is to find out hazard level of each work kinds through questionnaire and interview and investigate analyze the status which standard safety management costs have been used. Also, this study is to show reasonable rates of standard safety management costs in construction industry and to set up countermeasures against those problem after reviewing its status in korea with in Japan and Europe. This study is to investigate eleven project kinds of domestic system, first, and to investigate eleven items of apartment bldg, office. Also this study is to investigate and analyze performed costs of presently processing worker finished work so that it shows a new reasonable rate against standard safety management costs in construction industry, in order to make basical data and material to be systemized.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.83-100
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• 2012

본 연구는 2004년부터 점진적으로 실시된 주40시간 근무제, 이른바 '주5일 근무제'의 도입이 근로시간, 임금 및 고용에 미친 효과를 "고용형태별근로실태조사" 원자료를 이용하여 추정하였다. 법정 근로시간 단축이 연도별 산업별 및 사업체 규모별로 단계적으로 적용되었던 점에 착안하여 삼중차감 모형을 사용하였다. 희귀분석 결과, 주 40시간 근무제의 도입으로 실제 근로 시간은 약 43분 단축되었고, 시간당 임금은 약 6.6% 상승한 것으로 나타났으나 신규 고용은 약 2.3%포인트 하락시킨 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.82-99
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to establish work classification system of landscape construction in order to offer the basis of new estimation system of public landscape construction. New estimation system is based on historical construction data. For application of this system, the standard work classification system is necessary. Because extensive cost data should be accumulated under an unified construction work classification system. In the study of new estimation system carried by KICT(Korea Institute of Construction Technology), landscaping works belong to earth work of civil engineering. It looks very unreasonable work classification, because landscape archtecture has its own specialties and professional domain. In this study, information classification systems in the construction industry and various landscaping works of housing developments are analysed. As a result. a standard work classification system of housing landscape construction is proposed in section VI-3. This standard work classification structure consists of three levels divisions (i.e large work division, middle work division, small work division) . Now in this study, housing landscape construction works are divided into four large works and twenty six middle works. According to work attributes, middle and small work division is possible to subdivide into details.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제35권
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• pp.7.1-7.14
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• 2023

Background: At present, no short standard questionnaire exists for assessing and comparing major work organization hazards in the workplaces of the United States. Methods: We conducted a series of psychometric tests (content validity, factor analysis, differential-item functioning analysis, reliability, and concurrent validity) to validate and identify core items and scales for major work organization hazards using the data from the 2002-2014 General Social Surveys (GSSs), including the Quality of Worklife (QWL) questionnaire. In addition, an extensive literature review was undertaken to find other major work organization hazards which were not addressed in the GSS. Results: Although the overall validity of the GSS-QWL questionnaire was satisfactory in the psychometric tests, some GSS-QWL items of work-family conflict, psychological job demands, job insecurity, use of skills on the job, and safety climate scales appeared to be weak. In the end, 33 questions (31 GSS-QWL and 2 GSS) were chosen as the least, but best validated core questions and included in a new short standard questionnaire (called the Healthy Work Survey [HWS]). And their national norms were established for comparisons. Furthermore, based on the literature review, fifteen more questions for assessing other significant work organization hazards (e.g., lack of scheduling control, emotional demands, electronic surveillance, wage theft) were included in the new questionnaire. Thus, the HWS includes 48 questions in total for assessing traditional and emerging work organization hazards, which covers seven theoretical domains: work schedule/arrangement, control, support, reward, demands, safety, and justice. Conclusions: The HWS is a short standard questionnaire for assessing work organization hazards which can be used as a first step toward the risk management of major work organization hazards in the workplaces of the US.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2019

In Korea, the modular construction method was applied to the construction of facilities such as military barracks and school dormitories, beginning with the pilot project of Seoul New Elementary School in 2003. In 2017, public modular houses were supplied to Busan(Yongho-dong) and Seoul(Gayang-dong), and modular housing is expected to continue to be supplied in the future. However, there is no clear construction standard for the modular housing construction yet, and there are few cases where the infill modular system is applied. Therefore, this study established the work breakdown structure and proposed a standard process focusing on the infill modular system applied to the construction of Dujeong-dong modular house in Cheonan. Level 1 of the work breakdown structure by construction stage of Infill modular was defined as modular manufacturing, assembly, and finishing process. Level 2 was defined as preparation, modular production, modular infill, modular fixing, floor plastering, building finishing, and other site finishing. Level 3 is defined as 57 detailed unit work of infill modular construction. The standard process of infill modular is proposed for the assembly stage that is commonly applicable to infill modular housing construction. The results of this study can be used for the process plan, transportation plan, lifting plan of modular housing construction.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.145-149
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• 2015

Objective: This study aims to analyze qualitatively if PTS methods are applicable to the agricultural works of Korea. Background: Many studies on setting standard time have been performed for manufacturing and service industries, not many studies on agricultural work have been carried out domestically and internationally. Method: MTM, MOST, Work Factor, MODAPTS were applied to some agricultural works, and limitations of each method were found out. Results: MTM was found to be more applicable than other methods, except for mental works. Conclusion: In general, many Korean agricultural works need squat postures, which are not taken into account in most of PTS methods. Continuous observation with stop watch is recommended for establishing the standard time for the agricultural works of Korea. Application: The information drawn from this study would be helpful to the farmer safety assurance system being established by Korean government.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2006

Apartments construction is a one of largest parts in buildings construction. In apartments construction, work interferences are frequently occurred in work processing because workspaces are very various and numerous. However, though work process is important for mainly influencing to the schedule, quality and cost of apartments construction, these work interferences are considered a kind of uncertainty, which is difficult to anticipate at construction planning stage, in work processing. Therefore, this study proposed the measures for work interference reduction in apartment buildings construction and the actual planning for practices. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) the standard of work process is checked regularly. (2) The scope of work and work process is adjusted. (3) The standard of drawings process and cost about work interferences work profess is established.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.263-271
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to determine the standard work time of dietetic staff through work sampling methodology in school flood service systems. Work measurement through work sampling methodology was conducted in five conventional, five commissary and five joint management flood service systems over two consecutive weeks in October 1999. Statistical analysis was performed on the SAS/Win 6.12 package program for Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparison. Observed data were satisfied with a confidence level of 95% and a confidence interval of $\pm$ 0.05. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. The actual time spent by dietetic staff members in conventional, commissary, joint-management flood servile systems was 2,394, 2,521 and 2,110 minutes per week, respectively. Transportation time of each flood service systeml and ILO allowance rate (11%) was applied. Thus, the standard work time per week of dietetic staff members in conventional, commissary, joint-management flood service systems was 2,746.14, 2,861.58 and 2,520.81 minutes, respectively. The standardized index was 1.04, 1.08 and 0.95 men in conventional, commissary, and joint-management flood service systems, respectively. Regardless of the school flood service system, those with "the duty of cooking and distribution management" had the longest labor time, while those with "duty of nutritional education" had the shortest labor time.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.467-480
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• 2019

Standard estimates are the numerical data of a unit quantity required for construction work such as the amount of materials, manpower, and the use of equipment required and are also a basis to calculate construction costs. Unfortunately, standard estimates for construction have also been used for garden construction these days as no standard estimates for garden construction have been developed or documented until now. As a result, many problems have arisen at garden construction sites since landscape construction and garden construction differ in terms of scope, size, design and construction methods. The purpose of this study was to develop standard estimates for garden construction for proper calculation of the cost of garden construction and to ensure gardens are created following appropriate construction processes. In order to develop standard estimates for garden construction, a preliminary survey was conducted on experts to understand current issues at first. After that, a questionnaire survey was done to examine problems of construction processes and ways of improvement, and on-site inspections were conducted utilizing CCTVs at construction sites to identify the actual amount of manpower required on site. Based on the results of the surveys and on-site inspections, a draft version of standard estimates for 5 types of planting work for garden construction was developed. Developing standard estimates for garden construction will serve as a stepping stone for the transparent and proper compensation for garden construction work, which will not only contribute to addressing issues between consumers and construction companies, but also to the stabilization of market economy and job creation.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2014

국내 화약류에 대한 전반적인 관리와 발파작업에 대한 규정은 총포 도검 화약류등 단속법에 의하여 관리되고 있으나, 세부적인 취급과 사용법에 대한 지침은 산업안전보건법 제27조에 의거하여 발파작업 표준 안전작업지침을 마련하여 발파작업에서의 재해예방을 위한 화약류의 취급, 운반, 저장, 사용 및 관리와 작업상의 안전에 관하여 사업자에게 지도 권고하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고용노동부에서 고시한 발파작업 표준 안전작업지침에 대하여 검토하였고, 국내화약시장에 도입된 신제품과 최신발파기술이 지침의 개정 시 반영될 수 있도록 화약류에 대한 용어의 정의와 추가로 포함해야 하는 에멀젼계 폭약과 벌크형태의 폭약, 그리고 최근 국내 발파현장에서 사용이 증가하고 있는 전자뇌관에 대하여 수록을 제안하였다. 또한, 작업지침에 대해서는 비전기식 뇌관과 전자뇌관의 대표적인 취급 방법을 예시를 들어 제안하여 지침안 개정 시 보완된 발파작업 표준 안전작업지침을 마련하도록 제안하였다.