• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권8호
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• pp.1349-1354
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• 2018

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) is widely used for the determination of trace elements in geological samples in Iran. In this paper, we have calculated the detection limits of neutron activation analysis (NAA) for some of the common elements in such samples utilizing the ORIGEN and MCNP codes and verified the simulations using the experimental results of three soil standard reference materials, namely, G02.SRM, G18.SRM, and G28.SRM. The results show that while the detection limit of ICP-AES method is usually in the mg/kg range, it is represented to the ${\mu}g/kg$ range for most of the elements of interest using the NAA method, and the simulations can be verified in a tolerance range of 20%.

• 분석과학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2000

대기환경시료인 도시분진시료와 인공적으로 준비한 휠터상 도시분진시료중의 미량원소를 중성자방사화분석법을 사용하여 비파괴 분석하였다. 분석정도관리를 위하여 미국 표준기술원의 인증표준시료 (Urban Dust, NIST SRM 1648)를 이용하였다. 37종의 검출된 원소의 상대오차와 상대 표준편차를 계산하였으며 각각 10%와 15%이내이었다. 도시분진시료로부터 29종의 원소, 휠터상 도시분진시료로부터 21종의 원소를 정량하였다. 측정결과의 신뢰도 및 숙련도 평가를 위하여, 중성자방사화분석법, 하전입자유도 X-선방출분광법, X-선 형광분석법과 원자흡수분광법을 이용한 세계 39개 실험실이 참여한 실험실간 비교시험에 참여하였으며 수집된 결과를 통계처리하였다. 평균값과 표준편차로 계산한 z-score는 몇개의 원소를 제외하고 모두 -1

• 분석과학
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.346-353
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• 1999

For the non-destructive multi-elemental analysis of environmental and biological materials, instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was applied for the determination of toxic and trace elements in a set of three Algae samples provided by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The analytical quality control was evaluated by comparing the analytical results of two standard reference materials of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Oyster Tissue (SRM 1566a) and Citrus Leaves (SRM 1572). According to given analytical procedure, the concentration of 15-25 elements including spiked elements such as As, Cd, Cr and Hg in Algae samples were determined. To identify and validate these results, a data intercomparison program using more than 35 analytical methods in 150 laboratories was carried out and the estimated statistical data are summarized. Result of INAA is favorable, therefore, it is illustrated that can be applied for routine analysis of essential and toxic elements in algae samples as well as analytical quality assurance.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.495-503
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• 1999

Airborne particulate matter $(PM_{10})$ collected using high volume air sampler and silica fiber filter were analyzed by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis(INAA), Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry(ICP-AES) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry(AAS), and the results were compared with each other. 30~40 trace elements in environmental standard reference materials(NIST SRM 1648 and NIES CRM No.8) were analyzed for the analytical quality control. The relative error for two-third of elements detected was less than 10%, and the standard deviation was less than 15%. During the sampling period for 24 hours, the mass concentration of total suspended particulate was 36.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ and the value is lower than the critical level in Korea. In the results of NAA, the elements of Al, As, Ba, Fe, La, Mg, Na, Sb, Zn were well agreed with those of other methods. In statistical estimation between different methods, the deviation of Al, Ba, Cr, Fe was less than 10% and quite reliable.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.53-56
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• 2008

The commercial parallel plate electrodes system with guard-ring electrode have been widely used for measurement of dielectric constants of solid materials. And the specification of the electrodes system is about 1 % of measurement uncertainty. This measurement uncertainty is only estimated the error come from mechanical measurements such as the area of the electrodes and the gap between the electrodes except the error come from the air gap between the electrodes and dielectric specimen. Because it is impossible to measure the air gap. This study analyze the total measurement uncertainties of the commercial dielectric constant test cell using 3 kinds of Standard Reference Materials. As a results, the total measurement uncertainty is much bigger than 1 % and the most of the uncertainty can be reduced by compensation of the error values evaluated in this study.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.2766-2768
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• 2000

We were made the automatic measurement system of sheet resistance and resistivity of semiconductor and metals with accuacy. The use of this system measured SRM(Standard Reference Materials) silicon wafers which calibrated by NIST. From this result. this system operated with the standard deviation within maximum ${\pm}$1% error.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.285-290
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• 2003

An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of trace Ge, As and Se in biological samples by inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry has been investigated. The effects of added organic gas into the coolant argon gas on the analyte signal were studied to improve the detection limit, accuracy and precision. The addition of a small amount of methane (10 mL/min.) into the coolant gas channel improved the ionization of Ge, As and Se. The analytical sensitivity of the proposed Ar/CH₄system was superior by at least two-fold to that of the conventional Ar method. In the present method, the detection limits obtained for Ge, As and Se were 0.014, 0.012 and 0.064 ㎍/L, respectively. The analytical reliability of the proposed method was evaluated by analyzing the certified standard reference materials (SRM). Recoveries of 99.9% for Ge, 103% for As, 96.5% for Se were obtained for NIST SRM of freeze dried urine sample. The proposed method was also applied to the biological samples.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.390-395
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• 2002

핵분석기술의 하나인 중성자방사화분석법을 이용하여 국내 주요식품 및 원재료 50종에 대한 주요 무기질 성분 중 Ca, K, Mg, Na 등의 다량원소들과 Se, Zn, Fe, Mn 등의 필수원소들의 분포를 확인하고자 하였다. 원소손실을 최소화하기 위해 동결건조의 과정을 거쳤으며, 균일한 매질분포를 위해 분쇄 후 체걸림을 통해 시료를 준비하였다. 분석법의 검증을 위해 미국 NIST사의 표준시료를 이용하였는데, 실제시료와 가장 유사한 시료를 선택하여 조사시간, 냉각시간, 계측시간 등의 분석조건을 일치시킴으로서 분석법에 대한 검증 및 정밀도와 정확도 측정에 이용하였다. 표준시료의 보증값에 대한 상대오차와 합성불확도는 대부분 10% 이내였으며, Z값도 2 이내로 측정값의 수용한계로 인정할 수 있었다. 분석결과 근육 수축 및 뼈 생성 등에 작용하는 Ca은 일반적으로 알려진 멸치나 치즈 외에 참깨와 김 등에 높은 농도를 나타냈으며 라면 등에는 검출되지 않았다. K와 Na는 해조류 및 동물성 식품에 주로 분포하였으며, 세포 내 주요 영양물질로 작용하는 Mg은 곡류 및 김 등에 높은 농도를 나타냈다. 또한 성장촉진 및 효소의 구성성분으로 알려진 Se은 어패류에, Fe, Zn 등 기타 원소들은 멸치 등 특정 식품에 다량 함유되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.234-247
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• 1995

Trace elements in airborne particulates were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) under the optimum analytical condition. Neutron irradiation for sample was done at the irradiation hole(neutron flux 1$\times$10$^{13}$ n/$\textrm{cm}^2$.s) of TRIGA MARK-III research reactor in the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. For the verification of the analytical method, NIST SRM-1648 and NIES CRM No.8 ore chosen and analyzed. The accuracy and precision of the analysis of 40 and 24 trace elements in the samples were compared with the certified and reported values, respectively. The analytical method was found to be reliable enough when the analytical data of NIES sample were compared with those of different counties. In the analytical result of two or both of standard reference materials, relative standard deviation wes within the 15％ except a few elements and the relative error was within the 10％. We used this method to analyze 30 trace elements in airborne particulates collected with the high volume air sampler(PM-10) at too different locations and also confirmed the possibility to use this method as a routine monitoring tool to find out environmental pollution sources.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2002

Hair provides important information about the body's mineral status. Therefore, we have studied the trace elemental distribution in human hair under different inhalation and ingestion environment using neutron activation analysis (NAA). NAA is a powerful analytical method which can be used successfully to determine trace elements in environmental and biological materials. Total diet and six different herbal medicine were analysed to study ingestion environment. Airborne dust in foundry was analysed and compared with outdoor dust to study inhalation environment. Human hairs of common person, herbal medicine taker and foundry worker were analysed to estimate the trace elemental distribution of people under different inhalation and ingestion environment. Analytical results show that herbal medicines contain higher micronutrients such as Ca, Mg, Mn and Cu that total diet and airborne dust in foundry has high Cr. The concentration of Ca, Mg and Mn in hair of herbal medicine taker is two times higher than in hair of common person and Cr con-centration in hair of foundry worker is about three times higher than in hair of common person. These results show that NAA can be used importantly to monitor human health through biological and environmental samples.