• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.122-129
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• 2010

Objective: To investigate institutional review boards and approved clinical trials of Oriental medical hospitals in Korea Methods: We e-mailed 16 Oriental medical hospitals a survey consisting of questions that addressed two topics, institutional review boards and the clinical trials they approved. The first part included questions about whether each hospital had an institutional review board, that board's staffing and education, reviews, and expedited reviews. The clinical trials portion covered the number and types of approved clinical trials, treatment methods, whether an investigator or a sponsor initiated the trials, diseases, time frame, and clinical trial fee. Results: We received a response to our e-mail from 14 hospitals, all of which had an institutional review board. The average number of institutional review board members was 13.57. Of these Oriental medical hospitals, 70% and 49% said that they regularly educated their institutional review board staff and clinical trial, investigators, respectively. 79% of the hospitals claimed to conduct regular reviews, and 50% said that they did so monthly. The number of approved clinical trials increased sharply from 11 in 2005 to 102 in 2008. 68% of these clinical trials were randomized, and the most-used treatment methods were herbal medicine (35%) and acupuncture (29%). The most common target diseases were circulatory (19%), urinogenital (14%), and musculoskeletal (13%) disease. Conclusions: Despite the rapid increase in clinical research in oriental medical hospitals, many more efforts including raising IRB quality, varying research diseases and increasing clinical trials in the hospitals located in non-metropolitan area, should be made.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.331-352
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• 2014

In this study, the picture book reviews shown in Korean periodicals were analyzed to provide the developmental foundation for picture book reviews and expand the professional area of librarians as the producers of book review. Through the literature research and the Delphi Technique the desirable standard of book reviews was suggested, the contents in domestic book review mediums were analyzed for the rightness of describing based on the standard of the book review and henceforward the way of development was suggested. The result from analysis of book review showed that the outstanding book reviews should be more produced based on the desirable standard of book review and the evaluative statements should be developed more than the descriptive statements. Depending on the mediums the contents of the book review were different by the book reviewers' occupations, so the book reviewers should develop their professional knowledges in literature and art. Because the longer book review made the outstanding book review with the rightness of the desirable standard of book review, the certain quantity of book review should be needed and the role of librarians as the book reviewers should be further extended.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.403-431
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• 2011

The environmental issues including domestic measures to protect public life or health are generally easy to bring the tension between the WTO and its member countries. The standard of review, whether de novo review, total deference, or somewhere in between, is largely important in the WTO's adjudicating mechanism because it is closely related to the appropriate balance of power between sovereign nations and the WTO: The multilateral trading regime, through the proper standard of review, could harmoniously operated without interest conflicts among the member countries and at the same time between the WTO and the member countries. Irrespective the important function of the standard of review in the WTO judicial system, applicable standard of review has not been established in the current SPS Agreement. Furthermore, the nature of the SPS Agreement related in scientific factors, such as scientific experiment, data and assessment prevents the WTO's panel from applying consistent standard of review. Considering the judicial demand for the moderate treatment of the case under the SPS Agreement, this paper explores appropriate standard of review applicable the SPS-related environmental measures, particularly, by analysing the recent SPS-related dispute, US-Hormones Suspension.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.551-558
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• 2007

This paper presents a review guideline for evaluating SERPs(standard emergency response procedure) in rail accidents. In order to develope it, design elements of the SERPs, that impact the performance of emergency responding personnel, were identified. Then several review guidelines and standards, being used in other industries including nuclear domain, were surveyed. Finally, the review guides and criteria corresponding to those elements were derived from the survey.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

Objectives: The major objectives of this study are to review the U.S. Standard which affected Korean worker's Right-to-Know Standard and to propose the way of improving the reliability of MSDS and labels. Methods: To review the U.S. Standard historically, we used the Federal Register, other criteria documentation and peer-reviewed literatures. Then we analysed major issues in the historical debatement on the worker's Right-to-Know Standard. Results: Korean MSDS Standard benchmarked the U.S. Hazard Communication Standard which finally established by President Reagan in 1983. Reagan's Hazard Communication Standard was aimed to preempt States Right-to-Know Acts for chemical industry and not to improve the awareness of workers on chemical hazards. Too much protection on trade secrets and low reliability of hazard information were key problems of the U.S. Standard. Conclusions: We recommend some ways to improve Korean MSDS and Label Standard. First, A new analysis frame is needed to understand the U.S Standard. Second, hazard identification is the key element of reliable information and chemical name and CAS number should be on the label of the container. Third, trade secrets should be limited to low hazardous substances and be permitted by government before the chemical product is on the market.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.13
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• pp.631-655
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• 2000

This article is focused on the review of the judgement standard for compliance of the documents in international standard banking practice. Since the establishment of Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, The practices of the Credit transactions has been formed and developed with the rapidly changing progress of the international trade environment. but though the international standard banking practice have meaning to suggest a new examination standard, in practice, there are some problems on the judgement of the compliance of the documents. Therefore, for the useful judgement standard for compliance of the documents, the range of the standard should become concrete and simple so that all the related parties can forecast. and the opinions and interpretations published by ICC Banking Committee are recommended to be used, systematized and activated. and also with the change of the trade environment, the changed standard practice could be published annually for the useful use. and it will be necessary to consider to publish the publications in the form of the "White Book" Last, it is necessary to accept the changes by the needs of the times as the international standard banking practice promptly and analysis accurately its problems for the times of the electronic commerce, so that Credit systems should be settled and developed continuously as the useful means of the settlement of the proceeds conquering of the characteristics originated from the international transactions between the parties concerned.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.399-408
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• 2022

ERC-20, the standard API for Ethereum token smart contracts, was introduced to ensure compatibility among applications such as wallets and decentralized exchanges. However, many compatibility vulnerability problems have existed because there is no rigorous functional specifications for each API nor conformance review tools for the standard. In this paper, we proposed a new review procedure and a tool to perform the procedure to review if ERC-20 token smart contract programs for the Ethereum blockchain conform to the de facto standards. Based on the knowledge from an analysis on the ERC-20 API functional behavior of the top 100 token smart contract programs in the existing Ethereum blockchain, a new specification for the de facto standard for ERC-20 API was explicitly defined. The new specification enabled us to design a systematic review method for Ethereum smart contract programs. We developed a tool to support this review method and we evaluated a few benchmark programs with the tool.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2003

Based on ASME probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) and NEI PRA peer review guidance, we evaluate a human reliability analysis (HRA) in probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) for Korea standard nuclear power plants, Ulchin Unit 3&4, to improve it performed at under design. The HRA for Ulchin Unit 3&4 is assessed as higher than Grade I based on ASME PRA standard and as higher than Grade 2 based on NEI PRA peer review guidance. The major items to be improved identified through the evaluation process are the documentation, the systematic human reliability analysis, the participitation of operators in the works and review of HRA. We suggest the guidance on the identification and qualitative screening analysis for pre-accident human errors and solve some items to be improved using the suggested guidance.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.202-213
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• 2017

Objectives: HRA (Health Risk Assessment) is an important tool for measuring the health impacts of air pollution. HRA is already being used widely as an important reference for crafting air pollution policies. However, the absence of a domestic CRF (Concentration Response Function) standard, which is a main component for HRA, could cause confusion amongst policy-makers. The purpose of this study is to tabulate a domestic CRF standard for a PM (Particulate Matter)-related HRA. Methods: This study suggested a domestic CRF standard for HRA thorough a literature review. The literature review for meta-analysis was limited to the English language for epidemiological studies published from January 1980 to March 2016. This meta-analysis was conducted by assuming both fixed- and random-effects of CRF. In addition, studies that reported HRA of air pollution for WHO (World Health Organization), the EC (European Commission), and the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) were reviewed to compare the CRFs of South Korea to the recommended CRFs of WHO, the EC, or the EPA. Additionally, a domestic CRF standard was supplemented by these. Results: Nineteen studies were selected for the CRF for South Korea. Fifty-three CRFs were derived for meta-analysis. CRFs with a standard for PM-related HRA were divided according to the following four criteria: air pollution, exposure characteristics, type of health impact, and age group. Finally, a domestic CRF standard was created comprised of 21 CRFs. Among these, six CRFs were derived from the results of foreign HRA studies. Conclusions: This study is important in that a domestic CRF standard is first suggested. In addition, this study suggests a further area of study for using HRA as a policy tool and a direction of epidemiological study.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.891-898
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• 2022

Purpose: There is not much time left for mandatory BIM implementation for all sectors and stages of the construction industry. Therefore, it is necessary to find a way to secure technology to substantially improve the productivity of BIM work. In the research, we proposed a method to automatically verify related construction standards for major objects produced by BIM modeling procedures so that engineers can verify construction standards in the BIM-based design process. Method: We defined a modeling work procedure for BIM-based road design work and prepared a method for constructing related design standards in a database. In addition, a process map for developing a BIM-based design basis review automation system was also presented. Result: A BIM-based design standard review automation module was developed using Civil3D and Dynamo. And it was confirmed by the test application that it is possible to quickly judge whether the BIM object manufactured in the design process conforms to the construction design standard. Conclusion: BIM-based design standard review automation technology can improve the productivity of BIM model production work and secure the quality of the BIM model.