• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2008

National technical qualification does not recognised degree of working-career in labor market and an industrial field situation. National qualification is supply to nurture expert manpower and accomplish of self-development and a duty accomplishment ability improvement at a side of personal. So, This study is purposed to find that a method for recognition of working-career on the national technical qualification system According to, this study is designed to questionnaire with BSC(Balaced ScoreCard), SEM(Structure Equation Model) with the delphi method, and is analysed using the AMOS 7.0 program package. Finally, This study is suggested growing to qualification standard for an examination a degree of master craftsman only under the change of national qualification systematization as a standard to operation and control.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.675-689
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• 2000

Rapid design and production techniques are indispensable for the custom-made production systems. For manufacturing custom-made shoes, the shoelast should be designed rapidly from the individual foot model. In this paper, we develop an integrated system for rapid design and manufacturing of custom-tailored shoes. The foot shape measurement sub-system allows scanning a standard shoelast and an individual foot and then extracts the three-dimensional crosssectional data of the shoelast and the human foot shape from the captured image data. The shoelast design sub-system uses the scanned data to design new customized shoelast curves or surfaces with the heeling and mixing algorithms built in this system. The pattern design subsystem provides a method, which transforms a shoe-upper surface designed by a stylist into a flat-pattern that can be manufactured. We also export the surface model to an NC machine to manufacture the physical shoelast model.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.75-98
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• 2006

This study shows a theoretical model, based on transaction cost theory, for the choice of alternative work arrangement, Suppose that standard labor contract (permanent and full-time) is a typical labor contract of within-organization transaction and alternative labor contracts of variety are in the spectrum between market and within-organization transaction, the type and size of the market transaction cost for a specific labor would determine the appropriate labor contract. Firm-specificity and level of skill, scope and uncertainty of tasks, and duration of contract are the major determinants of transaction cost which, in turn, determines the type of labor contract. This theoretical model implies that there will be occupational segregation between standard and alternative work arrangements and that the legal regulations for protecting employment and wage of non-standard workers might not be so effective as expected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.130-137
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• 2018

In long freight trains, there is a brake time delay in the neighboring freight cars that causes damage and fractures of couplers, especially the knuckle of them. If there is a problem for couplers in the cars, this could cause a derailment and lead to damage of human life and property damage. In this study, maximum forces on the couplers are studied when a long freight car brakes, with brake delay time and coupler gap. We have made a dynamic model of 50 freight cars and couplers, applying contact between couplers and a characteristic curve for expressing force and displacement of buffers with SIMPACK, a multi-body dynamics program. We use EN 14531-2 from the British Standards Institution, a standard of freight car brakes for the verification of the dynamic model. We also use a simplified method to analyze the dynamic model of 50 freight cars. With changing coupler gap and brake delay time, we do comparative analysis with AAR M-201 from the Association of American Railroads, a standard of AAR couplers. From this result, we find that the standard on fatigue limit is satisfied, such that the brake delay time is within 0.06 second if the coupler gap of the AAR coupler is within 20 millimeters.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.257-263
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• 2018

Hyperthermia supplies RF high-frequency energy above 1MHz to the tumor tissue through the electrodes. And the temperature of the tumor tissue is increased to $42^{\circ}C$ or more to cause thermal necrosis. A mathematical model can be derived a human body model for absorption and transmission of electromagnetic energy in the human model and It is possible to evaluate the distribution of temperature fields in biological tissues. In this paper, we build the human model based on the adult standard model of the geometric shape of the 3D model and use the FVM code. It is assumed that Joule heat is supplied to the anatomical model to simulate the magnetic field induced by the external electrode and the temperature distribution was analyzed for 0-1,200 seconds. As a result of the simulation, it was confirmed that the transferred energy progressively penetrates from the edge of the electrode to the pulmonary tumors and from the skin surface to the subcutaneous layer.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.113-156
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• 2017

Although technological progress is considered a key element for economic growth and development of a country, strong empirical evidence in this regard is not available yet. Therefore, to establish the empirical link between technology progress and economic development, it is advisable to carry out a time series analysis. In this regard, the Technology Achievement Index (TAI) of 100 top economies has been developed to examine the position of countries' technological progress for the 21 years spanning 1995 to 2015. Countries have been ranked on their TAI which is based on four pillars; technology creation, diffusion of older innovations, diffusion of recent innovations, and development of human skills. As well, this current study re-calculates the Humane Development Index (HDI) of 100 top economies for the 21 years from 1995 to 2015. Ranking of countries' HDI values reflects three dimensions: A long lifespan (life expectancy index), knowledge (Education Index) and a decent standard of living (Gross National Income Index, or GNI). The Standard Deviation (SD) technique has been used to investigate the technological gap between individual countries and groups of countries or regions. For a more meaningful assessment, technological gaps from the maximum achievement value (i.e., one of the countries under study) are presented as well. To investigate the impact of technological progress on economic development, this study introduces a model in which the HDI is used as the dependent variable and the TAI and Gross Capital Formation (GCF) are used as independent variables. The HDI, TAI and GCF are used in this model as proxy variables for economic development, technological progress and capital respectively. Econometric techniques have been used to show the impact of technological progress on economic development. The results show that long-term associations exist between technology progress and economic development; the impact of technology progress on economic development is 13.2% while the impact is 4.3% higher in eight selected East South Asian countries, at 13.5%, than in eight selected highly developed countries (9.2%).

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.272-279
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• 2016

In this paper, a new structure for an advanced high holding voltage silicon controlled rectifier (AHHVSCR) is proposed. The proposed new structure specifically for an AHHVSCR-based electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit can protect integrated circuits from ESD stress. The new structure involves the insertion of a PMOS into an AHHVSCR so as to prevent a state of latch-up from occurring due to a low holding voltage. We use a TACD simulation to conduct a comparative analysis of three types of circuit - (i) an AHHVSCR-based ESD protection circuit having the proposed new structure (that is, a PMOS inserted into the AHHVSCR), (ii) a standard AHHVSCR-based ESD protection circuit, and (iii) a standard HHVSCR-based ESD protection circuit. A circuit having the proposed new structure is fabricated using $0.18{\mu}m$ Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS technology. The fabricated circuit is also evaluated using Transmission-Line Pulse measurements to confirm its electrical characteristics, and human-body model and machine model tests are used to confirm its robustness. The fabricated circuit has a holding voltage of 18.78 V and a second breakdown current of more than 8 A.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2012

Minipigs are regarded as one of the most important laboratory animal in that anatomical and physiological properties are similar to human and their reproduction efficiency is relatively higher compared to other large animal species. Particularly, several diseases that cannot be mimicked in rodent models are successfully occurred or induced in pig models therefore it has been interested in a valuable model for human diseases. Pigs are also 'standard' species in xenotransplantation research. To maximize experimental outcome using minipigs, establishment and management of proper animal facility, right animal husbandry and control of pathogens are very important. In this review, we summarized several international guidelines related with minipigs published by several companies or governments and discuss optimal conditions for providing informative ideas to the researchers who want to use minipigs in their future studies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.128-133
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• 2009

Brain drain of scientists and technologists to the United States from other countries is a phenomenal issue due to the potential developmental impacts it could have on sending countries. Immigration policies undoubtedly play the major part to shape the human resource outcomes. There has been a common sense explanation to the brain drain trend, which states that the lower English language requirements in the scientific and technology jobs compared to other high skill brain drain jobs offer immigrants more favorable employment opportunities. These and other language related variables are used with standard human capital model variables to assess the validity of the common sense proposition.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2020.10a
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• pp.124-127
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• 2020

관계 추출은 문장에서 두 개의 엔티티가 주어졌을 때 두 개의 엔티티에 대한 의미적 이해를 통해 관계를 분류하는 작업이다. 이와 같이 관계 추출에서 관계를 분류하기 위해서는 두 개의 엔티티에 대한 정보가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 관계 추출을 하기 위해 문장에서 엔티티들의 표현을 다르게하여 관계 추출의 성능을 비교 실험하였다. 첫번째로는 문장에서 [CLS] 토큰(Token)으로 관계를 분류하는 Standard 엔티티 정보 표현과 두번째로는 엔티티의 앞과 뒤에 Special Token을 추가하여 관계를 분류하는 Entity-Markers 엔티티 정보 표현했다. 이를 기반으로 문장의 문맥 정보를 학습한 사전 학습(Pre-trained)모델인 BERT-Large와 ALBERT-Large를 적용하여 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 결과 Special Token을 추가한 Entity-Markers의 성능이 높았으며, BERT-Large에서 더 높은 성능 결과를 확인하였다.