• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.223-236
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• 2013

In the present study the behavior of fire and the residual strength of fire-ignited RC slabs are investigated by experimental tests and numerical simulations. The fire tests of RC slabs were carried out in a furnace using the ISO 834 standard fire. The load capacity of the cooled RC slabs that were not loaded during the fire tests was evaluated by additional 3 point bending tests. The influence of the proportion of PP (polypropylene) fibers in the RC slabs on the structural behavior of the RC slabs after the fire loading was investigated. The results of the fire tests showed that the maximum temperature of concrete with PP fiber was lower than that of concrete without PP fiber. As the concrete was heated, the ultimate compressive strength decreased and the ultimate strain increased. The load-deflection relations of RC slabs after fire loading were compared by using existing stress-strain-temperature models. The comparison between the numerical analysis and the experimental tests showed that some numerical analyses were reliable and therefore, can be applied to evaluate the ultimate load of RC slabs after fire loading. The ultimate load capacity after cooling down the RC slabs without PP fiber showed a considerable reduction from that of the RC slabs with PP fiber.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.325-350
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• 2012

Concrete filled steel hollow structural sections (CFSs) are an efficient, sustainable, and attractive option for both ambient temperature and fire resistance design of columns in multi-storey buildings and are becoming increasingly common in modern construction practice around the world. Whilst the design of these sections at ambient temperatures is reasonably well understood, and models to predict the strength and failure modes of these elements at ambient temperatures correlate well with observations from tests, this appears not to be true in the case of fire resistant design. This paper reviews available data from furnace tests on CFS columns and assesses the statistical confidence in available fire resistance design models/approaches used in North America and Europe. This is done using a meta-analysis comparing the available experimental data from large-scale standard fire tests performed around the world against fire resistance predictions from design codes. It is shown that available design approaches carry a very large uncertainty of prediction, suggesting that they fail to properly account for fundamental aspects of the underlying thermal response and/or structural mechanics during fire. Current North American fire resistance design approaches for CFS columns are shown to be considerably less conservative, on average, than those used in Europe.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.483-500
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• 2022

Cold-formed steel wall panels sheathed with gypsum plasterboard have shown superior thermal and structural performance in fire. Recent damage caused by fire events in Australia has increased the need for accurate fire resistance ratings of wall systems used in low- and mid-rise construction. Past fire research has mostly focused on light gauge steel framed (LSF) walls under uniform axial compression and LSF floors under pure bending. However, in reality, LSF wall studs may be subject to both compression and bending actions due to eccentric loading at the wall to-roof or wall-to-floor connections. In order to investigate the fire resistance of LSF walls under the effects of these loading eccentricities, four full-scale standard fire tests were conducted on 3 m × 3 m LSF wall specimens lined with two 16 mm gypsum plasterboards under different combinations of axial compression and lateral load ratios. The findings show that the loading eccentricity can adversely affect the fire resistance level of the LSF wall depending on the magnitude of the eccentricity, the resultant compressive stresses in the hot and cold flanges of the wall studs caused by combined loading and the temperatures of the hot and cold flanges of the studs. Structural fire designers should consider the effects of loading eccentricity in the design of LSF walls to eliminate their potential failures in fire.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.31-44
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• 2011

This paper has presented a finite element analysis of structural behaviour of box culvert during and after fires. The fire tests were carried out in a furnace on RC slabs using the ISO 834 standard fire curve. The load capacity after cooling of the RC slab that was not loaded during the fire tests was evaluated by means of additional 3 points bending tests. In the past, stress-strain models of concrete under fire loading have been proposed by several researchers. Comparisons are made with the load-displacement relations of RC slabs after fire loading using the existing stress-strain models with temperature, such as Schneider, EUROCODE 2, Lie, Shi and Nan model. By comparing the load-displacement relations, Lie model was found to result in a maximum load about 2.0% higher than that of test. Based on the fire test results of RC slabs, this paper presents an extensive analytical study on the fire response of box culvert during and after fires.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.472-476
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• 1997

Hot-smoke testing in Australia has progressed to the stage where there is an Australian Standard for these tests. The purpose of such tests is twofold: firstly they can validate computer modeling predictions for smoke movement, and secondly they can demonstrate that the smoke control systems and associated fire safety systems function satisfactorily. Hot-smoke tests were carried out in March 1997 at two of Sydney's underground railway stations, namely St James and Museum. The purpose of the tests was to demonstrate that the smoke control systems performed their functions as intended. Tests were carried out in the concourses and on the platforms, and trains ran during the tests so that the effect of moving trains on smoke movement could be observed. A total of five tests were carried out and video recordings were taken of each. This is the first time that hot-smoke tests have been carried out in an underground station with trains running. The paper discusses some of the interesting observations and the problems identified by the tests.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.66-74
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• 2001

In order to improve the adhesion test methods for fire hose, 7 kinds of standards (KOFEIS, UL, FM, NFPA, BS, Chinese standard, JIS, JFEII standard) in 5 countries (Korea, USA, UK, China, Japan) were compared and adhesion tests were conducted by using the samples choosed randomly from the product produced in Korea. It was concluded that the sample size, the rate of seperation of a strip of the lining from the janet and standard judgment should be more differed and divided in accordance with the fire hose number in adhesion test to get the high Quality of fire hose.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.155-158
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• 2008

In this study we compared corrosion resistance tests which were carried out according to the national technique standard and the UL standard to ensure the reliability of smoke detectors in foul weather. The sensitivity of smoke detectors became so blunt that the least operational smoke concentration was a maximum change of 13% in the national technique standard, while it was a maximum change of 145% in the UL standard. As a result of this study the test method of corrosion resistance was made an objective evaluation in the national technique standard. Therefore it could be said that a basis of developing the test method of corrosion resistance was prepared for our country.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.159-182
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• 2006

Current fire design codes for determining the temperature within the structural elements that form part of a complete building are based on isolated member tests subjected to the standard fire. However, the standard time-temperature response bears little relation to real fires and doesn't include the effects of differing ventilation conditions or the influence of the thermal properties of compartment linings. The degree to which temperature uniformity is present in real compartments is not addressed and direct flame impingement may also have an influence, which is not considered. It is clear that the complex thermal environmental that occurs within a real building subject to a natural fire can only be addressed using realistic full-scale tests. To study global structural and thermal behaviour, a research project was conducted on the eight storey steel frame building at the Building Research Establishment's Cardington laboratory. The fire compartment was 11 m long by 7 m wide. A fire load of $40kg/m^2$ was applied together with 100% of the permanent actions and variable permanent actions and 56% of live actions. This paper summarises the experimental programme and presents the time-temperature development in the fire compartment and in the main supporting structural elements. Comparisons are also made between the test results and the temperatures predicted by the structural fire Eurocodes.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.1426-1431
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• 2011

A study on the standardization of design fire HRR(heat release rate) curve was conducted for various railcar from the fire simulation or the fire tests. These standard curves are listed on the tunnel fire safety manual which will be used for the QRA(quantitative risk analysis) process of the long railway tunnels. The design fire curve is based with four simple factor representing the key of fire curve characteristics. Flashover time, maximum HRR and burn out time are the key factors of the design fire curve. Specially total heat release is decided by the burnable material amount in the car.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.85-91
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• 2012

This paper analyzed firefighting officers' use situations such as the use time, maximum working pressure, hose diameter, etc. of fire pumps at fire sites and carried out various performance tests by pressures, hose diameters and quantities of fire pumps based on its results because the waterproof performance criterion for a fire pump installed in a fire engine is different from the operation situations at the site and is not clearly prescribed. As a result of site survey, the site uses a higher pressure than the standard water discharge pressure (0.85 MPa) or the high-pressure water discharge pressure (1.4 MPa) prescribed by the approval Standard of the fire pump performance on fire truck. In addition, as a result of pump performance test, the discharged water flow rate, water discharge pressure, etc. was measured to be very different from the currently prescribed the approval standard depending on the hose diameter and firefighting nozzle, so the result of this study proposes a new standard.