• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.15-26
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• 2001

China adopted a free market economy and is a member of WTO. It has now emerged as one of the most promising markets in the word for the near future. The purpose of this study was to investigate of Chinese women clothing behavior and preference of clothing design by body types and to suggest basic information for high quality clothes merchandising of exporting to China. The subjects in this study were 280 Chinese women, aged from 20 to 50 living in Beijing. The survey was taken from June to July, 1999. SAS(Statistical Analysis System) is used for frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, $\chi$$^2$-test, factor analysis. The results of this study are as follows. Ewamination on the Chinese womens clothing behavior showed that they attach importance to economy for purchasing clothes and have affirmative self-confidence. The thin body type women prefer to fashionable clothes while the fat body type has more reasonable economic behavior for clothing. It is needed to different merchandising project by body type in China..

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.37-45
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was university student's preference for own house in future according to gender. This was the investigation of which 512 university students in Jeollabukdo province. In this statistical analysis, SPSS 11.5 program was utilized to calculate percentage, mean and standard deviation. Also, these materials were verified by factor analysis, t-test and $x^2$-test. The results of this study were as follows: The university students' future housing environment preferences has been appeared to be higher in the environmental equipment and the natural scenery. In the case of the gender variables was appeared to be higher for female than male students. The future housing area most of the university students wanted the medium city or over, $25{\sim}33\;p'y{\breve{o}}ng$ apartment, 3 bed rooms, 2 bathroom. In case most students have a yard in their future house, they'd like to grow lawn and trees. Also, they wanted to live in a short distance with their future parents-in-law. Therefore, It was desirable that make a plan based on the results of this study future-residing for the new generation.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.149-162
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to measure the suprathreshold taste intensity for sucrose, NaCl, citric acid, and quinine HCl in Korean young people using a whole-mouth, sip-and-spit procedure, employing the method of magnitude matching. The results were analysed in terms of sex, taste preference, and smoker or nonsmoker. One hundred twenty three subjects (61 male and 62 female, mean age of 25.2$\pm$2.1 years) were included for the study. Subjects were instructed to give nonmodulus magnitude estimates to the intensities of five concentrations each of sucrose, NaCl, citric acid, and quinine HCl; distilled water; 6 loudness levels of a 1,000-Hz tone, using the same 9-point intensity scale. Each of the 21 taste stimuli and 6 auditory stimuli are presented in random order twice. The auditory function is used to assess the absolute intensity function of the subject's taste system. The results were as follows; 1. The perceived taste intensity for sucrose, NaCl, citric acid, and quinine HCl increased progressively as the concentrations of taste solutions were increased. Most of the subjects are standing within the zone of mean value $\pm$1standard deviation in their total perceived intensity score, and nobody is outside the limit of mean value - 2standard deviation. 2. There were not significant difference in total perceived intensities for sucrose, NaCl, citric acid, and quinine HCl between males and females. 3. There were not significant difference in total perceived intensities for sucrose, NaCl, citric acid, and quinine HCl according to the difference in taste preference. 4. There were not significant difference in total perceived intensities for sucrose, NaCl, citric acid, and quinine HCl between smokers and non-smokers in males.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.317-330
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is (1) to develop native foods in the future continuosly, and (2) to provide basic information allowing college student's to correctly understand traditional culture, by investigating those college students' preference and understanding of the native foods in Cheju-do. To accomplish these purposes, the survey was carried out by use of questionaires for 344 residing in Cheju-do from 20th to 29th May, 1989. The statistical analysis including frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation was performed by use of SAS program, while the significant difference between groups was examined by $x^2-test$. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. It was showed that college man had higher understanding and preference of those native foods than college women. 2. The result relating to age indicated that the more the age, higher understanding and preference. 3. The result by residing areas showed that the college students in the rural area showed higher understanding and preference than students in the urban area. 4. Based on the educational background of those subjects' mothers, it was shown that those college students of mothers having lower educational background had higher understanding and preference of native foods. 5. Those college students having good understanding of native foods accounted for 63.4 percent, while students requiring the continued development of those native foods for 91.0 percent. As a consequence, it is apparent that most subjects tended to show the positive responses to those native foods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.11 no.3 s.25
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• pp.89-99
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• 1987

The purpose of this present study is not only to investigate mutal relationship between the preference of clothing design and the nature of Reflectiveness-Impulsiveness, but to offer clothing design for desirably developing of child, especially of preschool children. And the practical research was performed for 166 preschool children who are in kindergarten located in Seoul and are selected according to their sex and social class. This study used Kagan's MFFT and Personality Inventory of Hwang Eung-Yeon for the test of Reflectiveness-Impulsiveness, while for the preference of clothing design used the photo deck which is showed to children. The data analysis was based on frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square ($x^2$) test, t-test, F-test, and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. It can be concluded that girls rather than toys, high class children rather than middle or low class children were more reflective as a general trend. The relationship between the preference of clothing design and the nature of Reflectiveness and Impulsiveness is as follows : 1. In color, reflective boy liked blue series and reflective girl liked pastel coloring series, while they disgusted red series and non-coloring series. The group of impulsiveness liked red series, while they disgusted non-coloring series. 2. In color combination, group of reflectiveness liked similar color, while group of impulsiveness liked contrasting color. 3. In texture, group of reflectiveness liked soft and shiny texture, while they disgusted thick and rough texture. Also Group of impulsiveness liked soft texture. 4. In pattern, reflective boy liked lettering pattern and reflective girl liked flower pattern, while she disgusted lettering pattern. Impulsive boy liked stripe pattern and limpulsive girl liked flower pattern. 5. In pattern size, group of reflectivenss liked small size, while group of impulsiveness liked large one. 6. In style, group of reflectiveness liked formal style.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.101-111
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• 2001

The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationships between the BMI and food preference. eating behaviors. and nutrition knowledge score among the middle school male and female students. A total of 394 students from 4 different middle school in Seoul were participated in this study. The students were categorized into 3 groups by BMI : under-weight(〈20). ideal(20$\leq$BMI〈25). and overweight($\geq$25) groups. The data on food preference. eating behavior. and nutrition knowledge were collected by a questionnaire. All data were analyzed by means as frequency. percentage. mean and standard deviation. F-test. $\chi$$^2$-test. and correlation analysis. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. BMI average of the male students was 21.4 About 45% of the students were in ideal weight group. 40% were in under-weight group. and 15% were in overweight group according to BMI. 2. About 62% of the participants wanted to lose weight : 43% of the male students. and 82% of the female students. And 33% of the students wished to lose more than 7kg of body weight. 3. Preference score for animal protein foods was the highest in overweight group. On the other hand. preference score of vegetables was the highest in under-weight group. 4. All 3 BMI groups eat more foods on dinner compared to lunch or breakfast. Eating amount score of between-meal was highest(eat more) in under-weight group. and the lowest(eat less) in overweight group. But the percentage of students who eat snack at night was the highest in overweight group. 5. Among the eating behavior variables. eating frequency of snack at night and eating speed were significantly different among 3 groups. Overweight group eat snack at night less frequently and eating speed is faster than the other groups(p〈.05). 6. Nutrition knowledge score was the highest in overweight group. but the difference was insignificant. It is shown that about 40% of the participants belong to under-weight group. but 62% wished to lose weights. Parents and teachers should watch out the juvenile students'health. especially whether they try to lose weight or maintain unrealistically low weight.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.84-92
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• 2014

Present study classified body composition to 4 groups categorized as sarcopenic obesity (SO), sarcopenic nonobesity (SNO), nonsarcopenic obesity (NSO), and nonsarcopenic nonobesity (NSNO) and then was performed to investigate that body composition associated with food consumption frequency as well as MS in individual aged 60 years or older. Body mass index and an appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) divided by weight (Wt) of < 1 standard deviation (SD) below the sex-specific mean for young adults were used to define obesity and sarcopenia. A total of 1,433 subjects (658 male and 775 females) 60 years or older from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2010 participated in this study. One of the interesting findings was that the association of the prevalence of MS with body composition was higher in women than man. Other finding was that there were different food frequency and food preference according to 4 different groups between men and women. In addition, men are much more influenced by food than women. In conclusion, body composition changes were more related with food frequency in elderly men (60 years or older) than women. Women had a higher prevalence of MS than men, suggesting early nutritional intervention in elderly women may help them prevent body composition changes.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.137-153
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• 2002

This research tried to examine how the love style is changed as the psychological tendency specifying individual personality types that other domestic and foreign researches have overlooked all this while. The subjects of this study were the college students and white and blue-collar employees. The instruments used in this study were the Love Attitude Scale and the MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator). When applying the MBTI and the Love Attitude Scale, 474 people were analyzed. To get the result, the data from the survey were processed by the statistical program, SPSS/PC$^+$. Specifically, the statistical methods employed in this study were frequency, percentile, mean, standard deviation, factor analysis and chi-square. The major findings are as follows: 1. The most frequent love style among single men and women in this study was the Eros (46.6%). The next frequent love style was the Storge (40.3%). The Ludus occupied the least portion (13.1%) among single men and women. 2. The personality types over 10% among 16 personality types of MBTI were ISTJ (Introverted Sensing Type) (19.4%), ESTJ (Extroverted Sensing Type) (13.1%), and ISTP (Introverted Thinking Type) (12.4%). 3. As a result of observing the relationship of the love stymie and the psychological tendency among single men and women, the love style was found to have relationship with TF preference (Judgement function) and JP preference (Life Style). However, there were no relationships with the love style and EI preference (focus of Energy), SN preference (Perception Function).

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.205-211
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between humor and empowerment in clinical dental hygienist. Methods : Subjects were 374 clinical dental hygienist in Jeollabuk-do from April 20 to June 4, 2013. Data were analyzed using the statistical package SPSS WIN 12.0 for frequency, mean and standard deviation analysis, one-way ANOVA and linear regression. Results : The mean score or the clinical dental hygienist of humor was 2.55 out of 4 each of the sub-dimensions including emotional expressiveness, message sensitivity and preference of humor. Empowerment was 3.50 out of 5 and each of the sub-dimensions including meaning, competence, self-determination and impact. There was a significantly positive correlation between the sense of humor and the empowerment. Conclusions : It is necessary to develop the empowerment combined with humor sense in the curricula of dental hygiene education and leadership management in the clinical dental hygienist.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.55-70
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• 1996

Followings are the aims of this study: 1) To search various motives of middle-aged wives to buy townwears and subseqent problems as well as to examine socio-demographic variables physical variables and psychological variables and their influences on. 2) To set up theoretical foundation for further studies on this field. The data used in this study included 374 housewives living in Seoul and Pusan. Statistics used for data analysis were frequencies means standard deviation pearson's correlation factor analysis and regression analysis. The findings can be summarized as follows. 1. Middle-aged wives' recogntion of probloms in buying townwears was divided into two : deficiency motive and sufficiency motive. 2. Variables that affect recognition of problem to purchase townwears are three : Sensitivity to fashion preference for well-kinown lables identity of interpersonal relationship. 3 Recognition of problems for middle-aged wives to purchase townwears proved less than averaged and deficiency motive marked higher than that of abundancy.