• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.165-179
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• 2015

Objectives: This experiment investigated the antimicrobial activity of Hwangryunheadok-tang and extracts of Scutellariae radix , Phellodendri cortex , Coptis rhizome , and Gardenia jasminoides against Salmonella typhimurium . Methods: After spreading S. typhimurium on a bacterial culture medium plate, antimicrobial activity was tested by dripping diluted Hwangryunheadok-tang or extracts of Scutellariae radix , Phellodendri cortex , Coptis rhizome , or Gardenia jasminoides (80 μl, diluted 100, 50, 10, and 1%) onto the plate, followed by culture for 16 to 72 hours. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was tested by dripping the minimum dilution that showed antimicrobial activity (80, 60, 40, and 20 μl) and measuring the density. The antimicrobial activity of Hwangryunheadok-tang and four extracts showed continuous antibacterial activity against S. typhimurium throughout the experiment. Result: 1. S. typhimurium . (Standard Microorganism, ATCC) 1) The Hwangryunheadok-tang and extracts of Scutellariae radix , Phellodendri cortex , and Coptis rhizome showed antibacterial activity in the undiluted solutions and in 50% dilutions. Gardenia jasminoides extract showed potency only in the undiluted solution. The antimicrobial potency of the undiluted solution was increased when the volume of inoculation was increased, but no difference was noted when the culture time was extended. All the extracts showed antimicrobial potency against S. typhimurium . 2. S. typhimurium isolated from diarrhea patients 1) When compared to the standard microorganism experiment on S. typhimurium , the MICs of the five extracts were increased. However, whereas the antimicrobial potency of doxycycline was lost entirely against bacteria isolated from patients with diarrhea, the antimicrobial potency of all the extracts was diminished but did not disappear. 2) The antimicrobial activity of Hwangryunheadok-tang and four extracts was continuous even when the culture time was extended to 16, 24, and 72 hours. Conclusions: The Hwangryunheadok-tang and four kinds of extracts have antimicrobial activity against S. typhimurium . Comparison of a standard microorganism with S. typhimurium isolated from diarrhea patients showed that the antimicrobial activity of all the extracts was better than that of antibiotics. Further studies should focus on the value and benefits of Hwangryunheadok-tang , and the four kinds of extracts as clinical treatments.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.191-195
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate different methods for Trichomonas vaginalis diagnosis during pregnancy in order to prevent maternal and perinatal complications. A total of 386 vaginal exudates from pregnant women were analyzed. T. vaginalis was investigated by 3 types of microscopic examinations direct wet mount with physiologic saline solution, prolonged May-Grunwald Giemsa (MGG) staining, and wet mount with sodium-acetate-formalin (SAF)/methylene blue method. PCR for 18S rRNA gene as well as culture in liquid medium were performed. The sensitivity and specificity of the microscopic examinations were evaluated considering the culture media positivity or the PCR techniques as gold standard. The frequency of T. vaginalis infection was 6.2% by culture and/or PCR, 5.2% by PCR, 4.7% by culture, 3.1% by SAF/methylene blue method and 2.8% by direct wet smear and prolonged MGG staining. The sensitivities were 83.3%, 75.0%, 50.0%, and 45.8% for PCR, culture, SAF/methylene blue method, and direct wet smear-prolonged MGG staining, respectively. The specificity was 100% for all the assessed methods. Microscopic examinations showed low sensitivity, mainly in asymptomatic pregnant patients. It is necessary to improve the detection of T. vaginalis using combined methods providing higher sensitivity, such as culture and PCR, mainly in asymptomatic pregnant patients, in order to prevent maternal and perinatal complications.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.92-101
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• 2008

In the current age, as the importance of image is increased, brand images are strengthened, and various ways of expressing space are suggested considering the life styles of consumers. Recently, flagship stores are attempting various ways of expressing interior deigns and the flow of life culture, which can maximize the characteristics of image in a large, complex space. Centering on this trend, this study is conducted to explore an objective standard for the stylistic image characteristics reflecting the formative expression trend; to investigate various expression methods of images that are suggested by flagship stores; and to suggest the indicators of design. Based on this background, the formative trend is classified into the expression trends of minimalism and deconstructionism. An image evaluation test was conducted on the selected brand cases by applying the classification, and the following results are obtained from a comparative analysis. In this study, a stylistic analysis of expression methods is suggested from the stylistic image characteristics of each brand as well as from the reliability and validity of the expression trend. It can be concluded that such stylistic image characteristics are important factors in relation with fashion and architecture, and they can be used for differentiating design expression methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.107-121
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• 1996

This study was carried out to develop the computer-assisted Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) program for a systematic approach to the identification, assessment and control of hazards for foodservice manager to assure the microbiological quality of food in hospital foodservice operations. Sanitation practices were surveyed and analyzed in the dietetic department of 4 hospitals. Among them, one 762-bed general hospital was selected as standard model to develop computer-assisted HACCP program. All data base files and processing programs were created by using Foxpro package for easy access of HACCP concept. HACCP program was developed based on the methods suggested by NACMCF, IAMFES and Bryan. This program consisted of two parts: the pre-stage for HACCP study and the implementation stage of the HACCP system. 1. Pre-stage for HACCP study includes the selection of menu item, the development of the HACCP recipe, the construction of a product flow diagram, and printing the HACCP recipe and a product flow diagram. A menu item for HACCP study can be selected from the menu item lists classified by cooking methods. HACCP recipe includes ingredients, their amount and cooking procedure. A flow diagram is constructed based on the HACCP recipe. The HACCP recipe and a product flow diagram are printed out. 2. Implementation of HACCP study includes the identification of microbiological hazards, the determination of critical control points, the establishment of control methods of each hazard, and the complementation of data base file. Potentially hazardous ingredients are determined and microbiological hazards are identified in each phase of the product flow. Critical control points (CCPs) are identified by applying CCP decision trees for ingredients and each process stage. After hazards and CCPs are identified, criteria, monitoring system, corrective action plan, record-keeping system and verification methods are established. When the HACCP study is complemented, HACCP study result forms are printed out. HACCP data base file can be either added, corrected or deleted.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.3 s.65
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• pp.167-182
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• 2006

From 1998 Seoul city is being rebuilt for 'the city which people want to go around on foot'. Many streets only for cars have been transformed for pedestrians. In addition to that streets are built not only just to pass by, but also enjoy themselves, so 8 Streets in Seoul have been redecorated as 'Streets of History and Culture'. These Streets are chosen because they have their own unique history or culture, so they are remodeled with lightings, exhibition pavilions or sign postings etc except manhole covers. Even these 8 streets have manhole covers; they are not particular, just same as like other streets. For most streets manhole cover is an essential component of them, but it is mostly omitted to be designed in particular. For the most time some of the standard manhole covers are installed in a street. Taking a look at manholes in Minneapolis city, they inform visitors what the landmark, landscape, symbol, representative flower or tree of the city is. Sometimes they are designed by famous artists and become art which all pedestrian can enjoy. If manhole covers in 'the streets of history and culture' are designed to represent its history or culture, visitors will get information about there easily and enjoy their design. To foster manhole cover designs, the government office should co-work with professional designers or design societies and encourage people to spend a certain amount of the construction cost to design manhole covers. At school designing manhole cover can be handled in an art class and besides can have a class in the field, streets to observe manhole cover designs. Getting more concern of manhole cover design, competitions and exhibitions are able to be held.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.335-339
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• 2010

Purpose: Diabetic foot ulcer with osteomyelitis is notorious with its complexity and healing difficulties. Bone biopsy is considered to be the gold standard method of guidance for antibiotic therapy. However, it is often replaced by cultures of ulcer swabs or by superficial samples because of the technical difficulties and possible adverse events. In this study, we compared microbiologic results of bone biopsy with those of superficial tissue biopsy or swab culture to investigate concordance and diagnostic value in bone involved diabetic foot ulcers. Methods: This study involved 106 patients with diabetic foot ulcers who showed positive results in bone probing test. Tissue samples for microbiologic tests were collected from all the patients by using superficial cotton swab, superficial tissue biopsy, and bone biopsy. The microbiologic results of bone biopsy were compared with swab culture and superficial tissue biopsy statistically. Results: The positive predictive value of bone probing test for underlying osteomyelitis was 82.1%. Microbiology of the bone biopsy showed same results with those of the swab culture and superficial tissue in 64% and 63%, respectively. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the microbiology of the swab culture or superficial tissue did not coincide with that of the bone biopsy. Conclusion: These results suggest that the microbiologic results of superficial tissue or swab culture do not coincide with those of bony tissue. To select appropriate antibiotic regimen for diabetic ulcer with bone involvement, the specimen for the microbiologic test should be obtained from involved bone.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 2020

The research work was undertaken to determine an effective fertilization medium, sperm separation method and sperm capacitating agent for optimum in vitro fertilization (IVF) rates of indigenous zebu cow oocytes. In experiment 1, tissue culture medium (TCM 199), Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate (TALP) and Brackett and Oliphant (BO) medium were used as basic medium for IVF of oocytes of indigenous zebu cows. In experiment 2, three sperm separation methods namely centrifugation, swim up and percoll gradient methods were used for separation of motile and viable spermatozoa for IVF. In experiment 3, for capacitation of spermatozoa, IVF medium supplemented with the heparin, mixture of penicillamine, hypotaurine and epinephrine (PHE) or the combination of heparin with PHE were used for fertilization. In vitro culture (IVC) of presumptive zygotes was done in modified synthetic oviduct fluid (mSOF) medium using standard procedure 24 h after sperm-oocytes co-culture. The cleavage rate was determined to evaluate the efficacy of fertilization medium, sperm separation method and sperm capacitating agent 24 h after IVC. The cleavage rate was higher in oocytes fertilized in TALP (63.3%) than in TCM 199 (47.5%) (p < 0.05). The cleavage rate was higher in oocytes fertilized by spermatozoa separated by percoll gradient method (62.3%) than by centrifugation (51.6%) (p < 0.05). The cleavage rate of oocytes was higher when insemination was done with spermatozoa capacitated in TALP supplemented with heparin and PHE (61.3%) compared to control (40.9%) (p < 0.05). In conclusions, TALP based medium and percoll gradient sperm separation followed by capacitation with combination of heparin and PHE are suitable for IVF of indigenous zebu cow oocytes in Bangladesh.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2017

Objective: To describe in vitro development of human embryos derived from an individual with a homozygous pathogenic variant in NLRP7 (19q13.42) and recurrent hydatidiform mole (HM), an autosomal recessive condition thought to occur secondary to an oocyte defect. Methods: A patient with five consecutive HM pregnancies was genomically evaluated via next generation sequencing followed by controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, in vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection, embryo culture, and preimplantation genetic screening. Findings in NLRP7 were recorded and embryo culture and biopsy data were tabulated as a function of parental origin for any identified ploidy error. Results: The patient was found to have a pathogenic variant in NLRP7 (c.2810+2T>G) in a homozygous state. Fifteen oocytes were retrieved and 10 embryos were available after fertilization via intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Developmental arrest was noted for all 10 embryos after 144 hours in culture, thus no transfer was possible. These non-viable embryos were evaluated by karyomapping and all were diploid biparental; two were euploid and eight had various aneuploidies all of maternal origin. Conclusion: This is the first report of early human embryo development from a patient with any NLRP7 mutation. The pathogenic variant identified here resulted in global developmental arrest at or before blastocyst stage. Standard IVF should therefore be discouraged for such patients, who instead need to consider oocyte (or embryo) donation with IVF as preferred clinical methods to treat infertility.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.654-670
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to develop loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) combined with lateral flow dipstick (LFD) and compare it with LAMP-AGE, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and standard Salmonella culture as reference methods for detecting Salmonella contamination in animal products and animal production environmental samples. Methods: The SalInvA01 primer, derived from the InvA gene and designed as a new probe for LFD detection, was used in developing this study. Adjusting for optimal conditions by temperature, time, and reagent concentration includes evaluating the specificity and limit of detection. The sampling of 120 animal product samples and 350 animal production environmental samples was determined by LAMP-LFD, comparing LAMP-AGE, PCR, and the culture method. Results: Salmonella was amplified using optimal conditions for the LAMP reaction and a DNA probe for LFD at 63℃ for 60 minutes. The specificity test revealed no cross-reactivity with other microorganisms. The limit of detection of LAMP-LFD in pure culture was 3×10² CFU/mL (6 CFU/reaction) and 9.01 pg/μL in genomic DNA. The limit of detection of the LAMP-LFD using artificially inoculated in minced chicken samples with 5 hours of pre-enrichment was 3.4×10⁴ CFU/mL (680 CFU/reaction). For 120 animal product samples, Salmonella was detected by the culture method, LAMP-LFD, LAMP-AGE, and PCR in 10/120 (8.3%). In three hundred fifty animal production environmental samples, Salmonella was detected in 91/350 (26%) by the culture method, equivalent to the detection rates of LAMP-LFD and LAMP-AGE, while PCR achieved 86/350 (24.6%). When comparing sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy, LAMP-LFD showed the best results at 100%, 95.7%, 86.3%, and 96.6%, respectively. For Kappa index of LAMP-LFD, indicated nearly perfect agreement with culture method. Conclusion: The LAMP-LFD Salmonella detection, which used InvA gene, was highly specific, sensitive, and convenient for identifying Salmonella. Furthermore, this method could be used for Salmonella monitoring and primary screening in animal products and animal production environmental samples.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.335-341
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• 2009

Canine brucellosis produce abortions and infertility in dogs and is currently diagnosed by serological methods such as rapid slide agglutination test with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME RSAT) and immunochromatographic assay (ICA). Bacterial isolation is considered gold standard for Brucella diagnosis and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an alternative method to bacterial isolation. A total of 36 whole blood samples were collected from dogs reared in area of Chuncheon and were subjected to serology (2-ME RSAT and ICA for B. canis, Rose Bengal test and C-ELISA for B. abortus), blood culture and 3 types of PCRs (BSCP31, 16s rRNA, and OMP-2). All blood samples were negative by serology and blood cultures. The BCSP31 and the OMP-2 PCR detected 5 samples were positive whereas the 16S rRNA PCR detected all samples were negative as serological methods and blood culture did. From the results observed in the present study, we conclude that 16S rRNA PCR could be used for direct PCR for canine blood samples.