• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2014

This study was carried out to review the pattern of forest stand development for six Gangwondo Baekdudaegan Mountains which experienced different type and duration of intensive legal protection. Vegetation data from point sampling method were employed to classify community types by cluster analysis on the basis of the importance values of canopy tree species for the study areas. The names of classified communities were given by the composition of dominant tree species. The communities were also compared one another in terms of stand structure by species diversity index. The results indicated that National Parks (Seoraksan and Odaesan) had greater proportion of mixed mesophytic forest type which was supposed to progress further forest succession process so as to have more complex and diversified stand structure. On the other hand, ordinary forest areas (Seokbyeongsan and Deokhangsan) had greater proportion of the forest types which was dominatively composed of Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora. The forest types with large amount of these two species would tend to develop for relatively short period of time of 40-50 years after artificial disturbances. Hyangnobong of Natural Protection Area and Hambaeksan of Natural Ecosystem Conservation Area showed intermediate stand development pattern in between National Parks and ordinary forest areas. The period of intensive legal protection of the forest area was positively correlated with species diversity index (R=0.736), and noted that the forest which received intensive protection regulation for longer period tended to show more complex and diversified stand structure.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 1999년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.386-389
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• 1999

In this study, visible and near infrared channels of NOAA/AVHRR data were used to classify land use and vegetation types over Korean peninsula. Analyzing forest stand structures and prediction of forest productivity using satellite data were also reviewed. Land use and land cover classification was made by unsupervised clustering methods. After monthly Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) composite images were derived from April to November 1998, the derived composite images were used as temporal feature vector's in this clustering analysis. Visually interpreted, the classification result was satisfactory in overall for it matched well with the general land cover patterns. But subclassification of forests into coniferous, deciduous, and mixed forests were much confused due to the effects of low ground resolution of AVHRR data and without defined classification scheme. To investigate into the forest stand structures, digital forest type maps were used as an ancillary data. Forest type maps, which were compiled and digitalized by Forestry Research Institute, were registered to AVHRR image coordinates. Two data sets were compared and percent forest cover over whole region was estimated by multiple regression analysis. Using this method, other forest stand structure characteristics within the primary data pixels are expected to be extracted and estimated.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1972

A comparison between the productivity of the evergreen needle pine(Pinus densiflora) and of the deciduous broad leaved oak(Quercus mongolica) stands, which is located near Choon-Chun city, Kangwon dist. have been established. The pine stand had a stand density of 938 trees per ha and oak stand had of 638 trees per ha. The diameter at breast height (D) and the height of tree (H) of each tree were measured in sample plot of 800$m^2$. Twelve standard sample trees chose from the sample area felled down, and then weighed the stem, branches and leaves separately, according to both the stratified clip technique and the stem analysis. The vertical distribution of photosynthetic system was arranged effectively for high productivity in the productive structure of both trees. The allometric relation between D2H and dry weight of stem (Ws), branches (Wb) and leaves (Wl) of pine were approximated by log Ws=0.6212 log D2H-0.5383 log Wb=0.4681 log D2H-0.7236 log Wl=0.2582 log D2H-5.1567 and those of oak were approximated by log Ws=0.5125 log D2H＋0.0231 log Wb=0.5125 log D2H-0.3755 log Wl=0.8721 log D2H-2.9710 From the above, the standing crops of pine and oak in the sample area were estimated to be as much as 38.83ton and 48.11 ton of dry matter, above ground, per ha, respectively. Annual net production as the sum of the biomass newly formed during one year was appraised at 12.66ton/ha.yr in pine stand and at 8.74 ton/ha.yr in oak. The reason of high productivity of pine stand compared with oak might be resulted from much more about 4 times of the amount of the photosynthetic system, but less non-photosynthetic one of pine than those of oak. To increase the productivity of the forest stands investigated it was necessary to make densly a stand density, to be abundant in the inorganic nutrients and to preserve much water in soil to conserve the litters.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2006

2005년 3월부터 10월까지 축령산을 대상으로 식물상과 임분구조에 대하여 조사하였다. 관속식물은 87과 268속 399종 1아종 53변종 4품종으로 총 457종류인 것으로 나타났으며, 한국특산식물은 11과 14속 14종 총 14종류, 희귀 및 멸종위기식물로는 8과 12속 13종 총 13종류, 귀화식물로는 8과 14속 15종 변종 총 16종류로 나타났다. 축령산의 임분구조를 분석한 결과, 상층은 신갈나무로 대표되며 잣나무, 층층나무, 헛개나무, 물푸레나무 순으로 우점하고 있고, 중층은 쪽동백나무, 참회나무, 당단풍, 신갈나무 등이 우점하고 있다.

• 한국섬유공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국섬유공학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.300-304
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• 1999

A study is strength analysis of a filtering structure for a viscoelastic flowing substance. Conventional segment type filter units comprise an assembly of two or more individual disc segments stacked at their respective hubs on a central common filtrate collection tube within a filter housing. The conventional type's leaf disc is problem that it don't support a high pressure flows. Therefore, this study develope new structure filtering model to stand a high pressure flows.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.58-68
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• 2004

본 연구는 잣나무 임분의 생장변화에 따른 임분구조를 해석하기 위하여 강원대학교 학술림의 잣나무림을 대상으로 임분의 생장변화 및 흉고직경, 수고, ha당 재적에 대한 생장 추정식을 도출 하였다. 즉 잣나무 임목의 흉고직경에 대한 수고와의 상관관계, 흉고직경에 대한 재적과의 상관관계, 수고에 대한 재적과의 상관관계, 수관면적에 재적과의 상관관계가 분석되었으며, 임령에 대한 흉고직경과의 상관관계, 수고와의 상관관계, 단위면적당 재적과의 상관관계 등이 분석되었다. 그리고 흉고직경에 대한 추정식 (1)은 Y = 20.687Ln(X)-50.431으로 나타났고 수고에 대한 추정식 (2)은 Y= 12.951Ln(X)-31.225으로 나타났으며, ha당 재적의 추정식 (3)은 Y = 171.06Ln(X)-462.16으로 나타났다. 그 결과, 추정식을 이용한 영급별 평균 ha당 재적은 II영급 $27.5m^3$, III영급 $91.1m^3$, IV영급 $147.7m^3$, V영급 $190.0m^3$, VI영급 $223.8m^3$, VII영급 $252.0m^3$, VIII영급 $276.2m^3$으로 산출 되었다. 마지막으로 잣나무 임분에 있어서의 정기평균생장량과 총평균생장량과의 관계가 분석되었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제83권2호
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• pp.155-163
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• 1994

본 연구(硏究)는 임분(林分)의 구조분석(構造分析) 결과(結果) 택벌림(擇伐林)으로의 유도(誘導) 가능성(可能性)을 시사(示唆)하고 있는 천연(天然) 혼효임분(混淆林分)에 대하여 이상적(理想的)인 택벌림(擇伐林) 균형상태(均衡狀態)의 직경분포(直徑分布)를 예측(豫測)하기 위하여 Q 이론(理論)을 적용(適用)한 천연임분(天然林分)의 직경분포(直徑分布)와 감소계수(減少係數) Q을 추정(推定)하는 방법(方法)을 논(論)하였다. 또한 현재(現在)의 임분(林分)을 구조조정(構造調整)에 의하여 이상적(理想的)인 택벌림(擇伐林)의 구조(構造)로 이끌어 나가는데 필요(必要)한 무육방법(撫育方法)에 대하여 고찰(考察)하였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제83권2호
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• pp.254-261
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• 1994

본 연구는 소나무림(林)의 임분구조(林分構造)를 명확히 해석(解析)하여 실용적인 시업계획(施業計劃)을 세울 수 있는 기초자료를 얻기 위해 실시되었다. 이를 위해 강원지방(江原地方)에서 환경과 입지조건이 다른 고성(高城)과 평창(平昌)의 소나무림(林)중 무육간벌(撫育間伐)이 시행되지 않은 2영급 소나무림(林)의 임분구조(林分構造)를 조사 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 직경급별(直徑級別) 본수분포(本數分布)에서 고성지방(高城地方)은 좌비대칭형(左非對稱形)이여, 평창지방(平昌地方)은 대칭형(對稱形)의 분포(分布)를 하고 있었다. 2. 흉고직경(胸高直徑)에 따른 수고곡선(樹高曲線)은 선형적(線形的)으로 나타났으며 평창지방(平昌地方)이 높았다. 3. 임분재적(林分材積)과 ha당의 본수(本數)는 평창지방(平昌地方)이 높았다. 4. 최근 5개년 간의 흉고직경(胸高直徑) 생장량(生長量)은 직경급(直徑級)이 클수록 크게 나타났다. 5. 흉고직경(胸高直徑)과 수고(樹高) 및 재적(材積)의 총생장량(總生長量)은 15년생 이후부터 평창지방(平昌地方)이 높았다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.81-95
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• 2012

This study was intended for Fagus engleriana stand in Is. Ulleung where the disturbance of vegetation has been caused by the exploitation and the increase of tourists. For the effective conservation and management on this issue, this study was conducted provide basic data. The sixteen study sites ($20{\times}20m$) were installed in the dominant Fagus engleriana stand and the base environment and vegetation were investigated. The Fagus engleriana stand was classified into two groups, The Fagus engleriana stand was classified into two groups, community A is Fagus engleriana-Sorbus amurensis and community B is Fagus engleriana-Acer pictum subsp. Mono by cluster analysis and community A were nothing signigicant by indicator species analysis. Community B were Eight species (Tsuga sieboldii, Camellia japonica, Dystaenia takesimana ect.) significant by indicator species analysis. The diameter class of 16cm to 25cm was 53.7% in population structure of Fagus engleriana, which was the highest and showed inverse J-distribution. Species diversity index (H') of investigated woody layer group ranged from 0.99 to 2.05 and that of under layer group ranged from 1.75~2.59. According to Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMS) analysis, the woody layer was divided into community A developed in the region having relatively high sand content at high altitudes and community B formed at the place having relatively high clay content at low altitudes. Then this classification was significant through Multi-Response Permutation Procedures (MRPP) analysis. The distribution of understory vegetation through Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) was induced by the silt content and cover degree of vegetation layer.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.475-482
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• 2001

Stadium stand could be led to significant dynamic response due to rhythmical activities of spectator. The dynamic loads induced by spectators movements are considered as static loads in design standard of many countries but these loads have dynamic characteristics. So, it is desirable to apply measured dynamic loads created by spectator activities and to analyze the dynamic behavior of stadium system. The precise investigation of the dynamic loads on stadium structures and the accurate analysis of dynamic behavior of stadium systems are demanded for effective design. As the floor mesh of stadium stand is refined, the number of nodes increase in numerical analysis. So it is difficult to analyze entire stadium structures and much more computer memory are necessary for vibration analysis of stadium system. In this study, the various dynamic loads induced by spectator movements are measured and analyzed. And new modeling method that reduce the nodal points of stadium systems are introduced. Vibration analysis of stadium system is executed to inspect the accuracy and the efficiency of proposed method in this paper.