• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.295-303
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• 2009

The annals of Joseon dynasty, especially the volumes of King SeJong(1418-1450 A.D.), were heavily deteriorated by fungi. Investigations on the deteriorating and foxing fungi were carried out. Fungal structures on the beeswax, which were coated on the both side of Han-Ji, were suspected to be involved in the deterioration, and were observed by SEM. Isolation and culturing of these fungi were tried by scrubing swab samples and placing on the artificial media. Culture-independent approaches were used to identify the fungal strains associated with damages of beeswax and foxing of the paper by the analyses based on DNA sequences data from the specific ITS region of rDNA regions. In addition, well-known paper staining fungi(PSF), i.e., Aspergillus terreus var. terreus, Fusarium oxysporum, Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and Alternaria solani, were compared in the mycelial growth and stain on beeswax and papers under different environmental conditions (temperature, light, moisture, etc). Fungal strains isolated from the air samples in the storage room and shelves were identified as Irpex sp., Arthrinium sacchari, Cladosporium tenuissimum, Aspergillus sclerotiorum, Sistotrema brinkmannii, and Hypoxylon bovei var. microsporum The isolated strains were compared in growth and stain patterns on beeswax and papers(Han-Ji, Hwa-Ji, and Yang-Ji) whether these can cause damage or foxing on the annals or not.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.357-369
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• 2001

In this present study, the healing process and the recurrence of pigmentation were evaluated clinically and histologically in accordance with the extent and the range of pigmentation after phenol was applied to remove melanin pigmentation in gingiva. Six mongrel dogs were used. The melanin pigmentation in canine gingiva were classified into slight, moderate and severe according to the extent of pigmentation and divided into local and diffuse types according to the range. Following general and local anesthesia, 90% phenol was applied to the pigmented gingiva of the subjects with small cotton balls until the surface was etched to be whitish and was neutralized with small cotton balls soaked by 95% alcohol. The contralateral pigmented gingiva to the one treated with phenol, was treated by surgical deepithelialization. At 1, 3 and 8 weeks, the treated gingiva was examined clinically and evaluated histologically following H-E stain, and HMB 45 stain for melanocyte after biopsy. In the phenol treated sites, epithelium and connective tissue healed normally and there was no pigmentation at 1 week. At 3 weeks of healing, melanin repigmentation was observed in the severe local type and moderate to severe diffuse type. In the surgically deepithelialized sites, healing was delayed, compared to phenol treated sites and the infiltration of the inflammatory cells and congestion in connective tissue was shown at 1 week. At 3 weeks, healing was completed and there was a partial melanin repigmentation. At 8 weeks of healing, the extent and the range of repigmentation were increased in both group according to the extent or range priot to depigmentation procedure. These results suggpriorest that the removal of melanin pigmentation with 90% phenol application result in normal healing process of gingiva. However, in the severe local type and moderate to severe diffuse type, sites treated with phenol showed repigmentation at 3 week, which was earlier than surgical deepithelialized sites. Therefore it is required to select appropriate method according to initial condition of pigmentation.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.6 s.134
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• pp.101-107
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• 2005

One way of using wood safely and soundly for a long time is use of preservative-treated wood. Although, preservative-treated wood present to us durability and safety during using periods, it is also important to safe disposal after its service periods because of toxic components. Biological methods could be applicable to its disposal methods and better safe than chemical methods in the aspect of environmental problems. This study applied biological methods to remove the heavy metals from end-used CCA treated wood. The Aspergillus niger was used for this study which make black stain on the wood surface by it's spore. This study investigated the growing of A. niger on the CCA treated wood chips and the removal efficiency of heavy metals from CCA treated wood chips using immobilizing A. niger. A. niger could growing on the CCA treated wood chips and A. niger remove the effective elements of CCA treated wood effectively.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2007

The aim of the present study was to determine mechanisms of corneal epithelial cell apoptosis in vitro following exposure to anti-FAS and anti-FAS ligand antibody and during infection with mycoplasma sp.. A cultured human corneal epithelial(HCE) cell line was treated with anti-FAS antibody or anti-FAS ligand antibody for 2 and 4 days. The original cell line was found to be contaminated by mycoplasma removal agent(MRA) was used to eliminate the bacterium from the cell line. MRA($0.5{\mu}{\ell}$ tissue culture medium) was added to the cell line and incubated for 1 week. The cell line underwent multiple passages in media not contaminating MRA and cells were grown to 50-80% confluency on coverslips and stained using the Hoechst stain provided in the kit to ensure mycoplasma removal. Apoptosis experiments were performed before and after mycoplasma removal. The apoptotic index of anti-FAS and anti-FAS ligand antibody on mycoplasma contaminated cell line was studied using Hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin V-FITC and Propidium Iodide Staining. In conclusion, anti-FAS antibody induces apoptosis in HCE cells in a time and concentration-dependent mechanism. Cell lines contaminated with mycoplasma have an incresed susceptibility to FAS induced apoptosis.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.811-815
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• 2005

The activated sludge from the aeration basin of the Su-yeong municipal wastewater treatment plant which has operated by a standard activated sludge process in Busan, Korea was investigated during April 2004 and January 2005 with several bio-indicators. The number of bacteria and fungi per gram of dry weight of MLSS were estimated to be $3.1\times10^6\sim1.5\times10^8\;and\;l.1\times10^3\sim1.1\times10^5$ colony forming units, respectively, by the plate agar method. By cultivation-independent methods, such as 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole stain and fluorescence in situ hybridization, the ratio of eubacteria to the entire biomass was evaluated by more than $80\%$ (v/v). The ratio of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria to the total eubacteria was detennined to be $7.0\sim9.8\%\;and\;3.3\sim6.2\%$ without heavy variation in spite of a period of relatively low temperature in the basin. It would be expected that the nitrification would occur or at least co-exist throughout the year in the sludge of many municipal WWTP with influents that contain the sufficient nitrogen sources although the WWTP does not have any specialized processes for the removal of nitrogen.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.9_10
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• pp.1364-1372
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to provide the fundamental data about knitwear laundering and care. A questionnaire was designed and survey data was colleted from male and female consumers. Descriptive statistics, Chi-squire and t-test were conducted for statistical analysis. Results indicated that female consumers were more susceptible with 'handle with care' or 'fragile label' than male consumers. Females preferred hand washing whereas males preferred dry cleaning. Marital status of respondents did not affect awareness of care labels. Consumers considered more about stability of product shape than stain removal. Although most respondents followed proper ways to knitwear care and laundering, they felt that technical knowledge or deep understanding about washing is needed. In order to increase consumer satisfaction with knitwear products, the importance of care labels should be acknowledged.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1008-1014
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• 2020

Aiming at the defect detection quality of denim fabric, this paper designs an improved algorithm based on the optimized Gabor filter. Firstly, we propose an improved defect detection algorithm of jean fabric based on the maximum two-dimensional image entropy and the loss evaluation function. Secondly, 24 Gabor filter banks with 4 scales and 6 directions are created and the optimal filter is selected from the filter banks by the one-dimensional image entropy algorithm and the two-dimensional image entropy algorithm respectively. Thirdly, these two optimized Gabor filters are compared to realize the common defect detection of denim fabric, such as normal texture, miss of weft, hole and oil stain. The results show that the improved algorithm has better detection effect on common defects of denim fabrics and the average detection rate is more than 91.25%.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.401-420
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• 2001

A novel glucanhydrolase from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi(KSM 22)has been shown effective in hydrolysis of mutan, reduction of mutan formation by Streptococcus mutans and removal pre-formed sucrose-dependent adherent microbial film and Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase has been strongly bound to hydroxyapatitie. These in vitro properties of Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase are desirable for its application as a dental plaque control agent. This study was performed to determine oral hygiene benefits and safety of dextranase(Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase)-containing mouthwash in human experimental gingivitis. This 3-week clinical trial was placebo-controlled double-blind design evaluating 1U/ml dextranase mouthwash and 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash. A total 39 systemically healthy subjects, who had moderate levels of plaque and gingivitis were included. At baseline, 1, 2 and 3 weeks, subjects were scored for plaque(Silness and $L{\ddot{o}e$ plaque index and plaque severity index), gingivitis($L{\ddot{o}e$ and Silness gingival index), and at baseline and 3 weeks of experiment, subjects were scored for plaque(Turesky-Quingley-Hein's plaque index and plaque severity index), tooth stain(Area and severity index system by Lang et al). Additionally, oral mucosal examinations were performed and subjects questioned for adverse symptoms. Two weeks after pre-experiment examinations and a professional prophylaxis, the subjects provided with allocated mousewash and instructed to use 20-ml volumes for 30s twice dailywithout toothbrushing. All the groups showed significant increase in plaque accumulation since 1 week of experiment. During 3 weeks' period, the dextranase group showed the least increase in plaque accumulation of Silness and $L{\ddot{o}e$ plaque index, compared to the chlorhexidine and placebo groups, but chlorhexidine group showed the least increase inplaque accumulation of Turesky-Quingley-Hein's plaque index. As for gingival inflammation, all the groups showed significant increase during 3 weeks of experiment. The dextranase group also showed the least increase in gingival index score, compared to the chlorhexidine as well as the placebo groups. Whereas the tooth stain was increased significantly in the chlorhexidine group, compared to the baseline score and the placebo group since 3 weeks of mouthrinsing. It was significantly increased after 3 weeks in the dextranase group, still less severe than the chlorhexidine group. As for the oral side effect, the dextranase group showed less tongue accumulation, bad taste, compared to the chlorhexidine group. From these results, mouthrinsing with Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase was comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwashin inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effects were if anything less frequent and less intense than chlorhexidine, in human experimental gingivitis. All data had provided positive evidence for Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase as an antiplaque agent and suggested that further development of dextranase formulations for plaque control are warranted.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.371-388
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• 2001

A novel glucanhydrolase(DXAMase) from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi(KSM 22) has been shown effective in hydrolysis of mutan, reduction of mutan formation by Streptococcus mutans and removal pre-formed sucrose-dependentadherent microbial film and DXAMase has been strongly bound to hydroxyapatitie. These in vitro properties of Lipomyces starkeyi DXAMase are desirable for its application as a dental plaque control agent. This study was performed to determine the adjunctive oral hygiene benefits and safety of dextranase(Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 DXAMase)-containing mouthwash when used alongside normal tooth-brushing. This 6-month clinical trial was placebo-controlled double-blind design evaluating 1U/ml dextranase mouthwash and 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash. A total 39 systemically healthy subjects, who had moderate levels of plaque and gingivitis were included. At baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months, subjects were scored for plaque accumulation(Turesky modification of Quingley-Hein's plaque index), gingivitis status($L\ddot{o}e$ and Silness gingival index), and tooth stain(Area and severity index system by Lang et al). Additionally, oral mucosal examinations were performed and subjects questioned for adverse symptoms. Two weeks after pre-experiment examinations and a professional prophylaxis, the subjects provided with allocated mousewash and instructed to use 20-ml volumes for 30s twice daily after toothbrushing. All the groups showed significant increase in plaque accumulation since 1 month of experiment. During 6 months' period, the Dextranase mouthwash group showed the least increase in plaque accumulation, compared to the Chlorhexidine mouthwash and placebo groups. As for gingival inflammation, all the groups showed significant increase during 6 months of experiment. The Experimental group(Dextranase mouthwash) also showed the least increase in gingival index score, compared to the Positive control(Chlorhexidine mouthwash)as well as the Negative control(placebo)groups. Whereas the tooth stain was increased significantly in the Positive control group, compared to the baseline score and the Negative controlgroup since 3 months of mouthrinsing. It was significantly increased after 6 months in the Experimental group, still less severe than the Positive control group. As for the oral side effect, the Experimental group showed less tongue accumulation, bad taste, compared to the Positive control group. From these results, mouthrinsing with Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase provided adjunctive benefits to toothbrushing, comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash in inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effects were if anything less frequent and less intense than chlorhexidine, with long-term use of the mouthwash. All data had provided positive evidence for Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase as an antiplaque agent and suggested that further development of dextranase formulations for plaque control are warranted.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 1993

After periodontal surgery, the potential healing responses were occurred by interaction among junctional epithelium, gingival connective tissue, alveolar bone and periodontal ligament. The only cell that created periodontal regeneration was derived from periodontal ligament. The aim of the study was to evaluate the regenerative effects of the collagen membrane($collacote^{\circ}C$) and autogenous connective tissure graft with periosteum. Experimental periodontitis were created in furcation area of 4 adult dogs with bone removal and gutta percha packing. After 6 weeks later, the gutta percha was removed and experiment was performed divided by 3 groups. 1) Flap operation(control group). 2) Flap operation with collage membrane(Experimental group I). 3) Flap operation with autogenous connective tissue graft with periosteum (Experimental group II). After dogs were sacrificed after two and three weeks, specimens were prepared and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and masson-trichrome stain for light microscopic study. The results were as follows : 1. In all gruoups, connective tissue compartments were increased from two to three weeks especially in experimental group I. 2. Collagen membrane and connective tissue were increased collagen deposits of periodontal ligament. Therefore collagen fiber attached to tooth surface was seen. 3. In al experimental groups, newly forming alveolar bone was seen. 4. Collagen membrane and connective tissue were which prevented proliferation of epithelium, aided connective tissue new attachment and influenced periodontal regeneration.