• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.74-81
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• 1995

In this paper, the crushing tests of circular tubes under axial impact loading are conducted to investigate the energy absorption abilities. A cross head with 18kg launched by the compressed air collides against circular tubes. Circular tubes used for this experiment are Al and CFRP laminates, which have 8 ply with $15^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$. The absorbed energy unit mass and volume of the CFRP specimen with $15^{\circ}$ are higher than those of aluminum specimen. CFRP specimen having small stacking angle have better energy absorption abilities than that of large stacking angle.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.67-75
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• 1991

[ $C_{60}$ ] molecule, the Buckminsterfullerene, has generated great interest because of its unique molecular structure and of superconductivity exhibited in its alkali-doped solids. We have investigated the molecular stacking and crystal structure of $C_{60}$ thin crystals formed on amorphous carbon film. The $C_{60}$ powder which was chromatographically purified was dissolved in benzene. The thin crystals of $C_{60}$ were observed with a 300 keV transmission electron microscope. Electron diffraction analysis and direct imaging of its molecular stacking were carried out. It was found from this work that the molecules of $10.0{\AA}$ diameter are arrayed hexagonally on substrate surface and $8.7{\AA}$ lattice planes are quite often found in several types of ED patterns, which can never be explained with a fcc model. Therefore the structure of $C_{60}$ thin crystals is hcp, although we cannot fully exclude the possibility of co-existence of hcp and fcc.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제47권12호
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• pp.873-880
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• 2009

Water-vapor permeation through metallic barriers deposited on polymer substrates has been an important technological issue because the performance of the barrier is critical to the reliability of flexible organic devices. For the development of long-lifetime flexible organic devices, two different sets of samples were designed and demonstrated from the viewpoint of the water-vapor transmission rate (WVTR). Aluminum (Al) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were chosen for the barrier layer and the polymer substrate, respectively. Two stacking structures, a single-layer (Al/PET) structure and a double-layer (Al/PET/Al) structure, were used for the WVTR measurement. For the single-layer structure, the WVTR decreases as the thickness of the barrier layer increases. Compared to the single-layer sample, the double-layer sample showed superior WVTR performance (by nearly three times) when the total thickness of the Al barrier was greater than 100 nm.

• 한국세라믹학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국세라믹학회 2000년도 춘계총회,특별강연,심포지움,연구발표회
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• pp.127.1-127.1
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• 2000

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.82-89
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• 1995

지금까지의 실험결과에서 다음과 같은 요약할 수 있다. 1) 사원계 $Zn_{1-x}Mg_{x}S_y$ $S_{1-y}$(x=0.13, y=0.16) 에피층은 다소 불규칙한 성장을 나타내어 역삼각형의 결함과 길고 직선인 적층결함으로 형성된 수지상 형태가 발견되었다. 2)역삼각형 결함은 {111}면에 형성된 적층결함으로 둘러싸여 있고 내부에는 결함이 없으나 계면과 수직인 방향인 <001>방향으로 콘트라스트 차이를 이루는 밴드가 형성되었다. 3) 기판과 정합을 이루고 있고 결함이 없는 ZnSe 버퍼 층이 관찰되었으며 결함 및 므와레 줄무늬는 버퍼층과 4원계 에피층과의 계면에서 형성된다. 4) 4원계 에피층에 형성된 적층결함은 Mg 원소의 효과로 길이가 60nm 이상 폭이 40nm 이상의 넓은 간격을 이루고 있다. 5) 긴 적층결함으로 둘러쌓인 수지상 구조에는 국부적으로 주기를 이루며 강한 콘트라스트 차이를 나타내는 줄무늬가 관찰되는데, 이는 Mg 및 S의 국부적인 화학적 조성차이에 기인한 탄성 변형 효과로 생각된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.449-453
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• 2009

A mesoporous assembly of layered titanate with well-dispersed Pt cocatalysts has been synthesized via a restacking of exfoliated titanate nanosheets and a simultaneous adsorption of Pt nanoparticles. According to powder X-ray diffraction analysis, the obtained mesoporous assembly shows amorphous structure corresponding to the disordered stacking of layered titanate crystallites. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy and $N_2$ adsorption-desorption isotherm measurement clearly demonstrate the formation of mesoporous structure with expanded surface area due to the house-of-cards type stacking of the titanate crystallites. From high resolution-transmission electron microscopy and elemental mapping analyses, it is found that Pt nanoparticles with the size of ~2.5 nm are homogeneously dispersed in the mesoporous assembly of layered titanate. In comparison with the protonated titanate, the present mesoporous assembly of layered titanate exhibits better photocatalytic activity for the photodegradation of organic molecules. This finding underscores that the restacking of exfoliated nanosheets is quite useful not only in creating mesoporous structure but also in improving the photocatalytic activity of titanium oxide.

• Composites Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.270-274
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• 2023

필라멘트 와인딩 공정을 사용한 FRP 복합재의 적층 구조는 기존의 FRP 복합재의 적층 구조와는 다를 뿐만 아니라 일반적인 적층 구조를 토대로 기계적 물성에 대해서 분석하고자 한다면 그에 대한 영향을 파악하는 것이 어렵다. 따라서 전반적인 성능을 향상시키기 위해 기계적 물성을 개선하고 교차 적층 구조를 최적화하는 것이 필수적이다. 따라서 본 연구는 비정질 할로이사이트 나노튜브(Amorphous Halloysite Nanotubes, A-HNT)를 5개의 층 배열을 통해 교차 적층 탄소 섬유 강화 플라스틱(CFRP) 구조의 저속 충격 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것을 목표로 한다. 중량 낙하식 충격시험을 통하여 라미네이트의 저속 충격 특성을 확인하였으며, 충격을 가한 후에 현미경을 통하여 충격 파손 모드와 손상 정도를 비교 평가하였다. 나노 입자의 첨가 여부에 따른 각각의 교차 적층 구조 라미네이트를 10 J과 15 J의 충격에너지에서 비교하였다. 10 J의 경우 흡수에너지는 각 구조에서 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 그에 비해 15 J의 경우 흡수에너지는 각 구조에서 다른 흡수에너지를 가지며, 나노 입자가 첨가되지 않은 구조가 가장 높은 흡수에너지를 가진다. 또한 광학현미경을 통하여 각 구조에서 다양한 충격 파손 모드가 관찰되었다.

• 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2005년도 ISMP
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• pp.67-88
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• 2005

Mold-Flow 3 Die Stack CSP of Mold array packaging with different Gate types. As high density package option such as 3 or 4 die stacking technologies are developed, the major concerning points of mold related qualities such as incomplete mold, exposed wires and wire sweeping issues are increased because of its narrow space between die top and mold surface and higher wiring density. Full 3D rheokinetic simulation of Mold flow for 3 die stacking structure case was done with the rheological parameters acquired from Slit-Die rheometer and DSC of commercial EMC. The center gate showed severe void but corner gate showed relatively better void performance. But in case of wire sweeping related, the center gate type showed less wire sweeping than corner gate types. From the simulation results, corner gate types showed increased velocity, shear stress and mold pressure near the gate and final filling zone. The experimental Case study and the Mold flow simulation showed good agreement on the mold void and wire sweeping related prediction. Full 3D simulation methodologies with proper rheokinetic material characterization by thermal and rheological instruments enable the prediction of micro-scale mold filling behavior in the multi die stacking and other complicated packaging structures for the future application.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.235-240
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• 2010

The recent trend of vehicle design aims at crash safety and environmentally-friendly aspect. For the crash safety aspect, energy absorbing members should be absorbed with collision energy sufficiently. But vehicle structure must be light weight for the environmentally-friendly aspect, in order to improve fuel efficiency and to reduce tail gas emission. Therefore, the light weight of vehicle must be achieved in a status of securing safety of crash. An aluminum or CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) is representative one among the light-weight materials. In this study, impact collapse behavior of circular hybrid thin-walled member is evaluated. The hybrid members are manufactured by wrapping CFRP prepreg sheets outside the aluminum circular members in the autoclave. Because the CFRP is an anisotropic material whose mechanical properties change with its stacking condition, special attention is given to the effects of the stacking condition on the collapse behavior evaluation of the hybrid thin-walled member. Collapse mode and energy absorption capability of the hybrid thin-walled member are analyzed with change of the fiber orientation angle and interface number.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.205-205
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• 2011

The self-assembly of ${\gamma}$-phenylalanine on Au(111) at 150 K was investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Phenylalanine can potentially form two-dimensional (2D) molecular networks through hydrogen bonding (through the carboxyl and amino groups) and ${\pi}-{\pi}$ stacking interactions (via aromatic rings). We found that ${\gamma}$-phenylalanine molecules self-assembled on Au(111) surfaces into well-ordered structures such as ring-shaped clusters (at low and intermediate coverages) and 2D molecular domains (intermediate and monolayer coverages), whereas ${\alpha}$-phenylalanine molecules formed less-ordered structure on Au(111). The self-assembly of ${\gamma}$- but not ${\alpha}$-phenylalanine may be related to the flexibility of the carboxyl and amino groups in the molecule. Moreover, as expected, the 2D molecular network of ${\gamma}$-phenylalanine on Au(111) was mediated by a combination of hydrogen bonding and ${\pi}-{\pi}$ stacking interactions.