• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.103-118
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• 2003

We estimate the stable rank of twisted crossed products of $C^{*}-algebras$ by topological Abelian groups. As an application we estimate the stable rank of twisted crossed products of $C^{*}-algebras$ by solvable Lie groups. In particular, we obtain the stable rank estimate of twisted group $C^{*}-algebras$ of solvable Lie groups by the (reduced) dimension and (generalized) rank of groups.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1997

Let G be a finiteg oroup. We denote BG a classifying space of G, which a contractible universal principal G bundle EG. The stable type of BG does not determine G up to isomorphism. A simple example [due to N. Minami]is given by $Q_{4p} \times Z/2$ and $D_{2p} \times Z/4$ where ps is an odd prime, $Q_{4p} is the generalized quarternion group of order 4p and $D_{2p}$ is the dihedral group of order 2p. However the paper [6] gives us a necessary and sufficient condition for $BG_1$ and $BG_2$ to be stably equivalent localized et pp. The local stable type of BG depends on the conjegacy classes of homomorphisms from the p-groups Q into G. This classification theorem simplifies if G has a normal sylow p-subgroup. Then the stable homotopy type depends on the Weyl group of the sylow p-subgroup.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the plank exercise to strengthen the core muscles on the muscle thickness of external and internal obliques and transverse abdominis muscle depending on the form of the support surface. Methods: This study was randomized to 12 males and 12 females in their 20s and conducted three times a week for 4 weeks. The subjects were divided into the two groups and performed flank exercise on a stable surface (stable surface group) and an unstable surface (unstable surface group). A mat was used as a stable surface, and an TOGU used as a unstable surface. Results : In both stable and unstable surface, the thickness changes of the transverse abdominis and external and internal oblique muscle increased (p<.05). In the unstable surface, there was a greater increase in the thickness change of the transverse abdominis and external oblique muscles in the flank exercise than in the stable surface (p.<05). Among them, the greatest increase was found in the external abdominal muscle (p<.05). Conclusion : This study found that the flank exercise was more effective in strengthening the abdominal muscles on an unstable surface, when compared with the outcomes on a stable one. It is also thought to have the most effect on the muscle activity of the external oblique muscle on unstable surface.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.6373-6386
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• 2013

본 연구는 MBTI 성격유형과 심박변이도의 관계를 조사하기 위해 시도된 연구이다. 충청남도 C 시에 소재 한 N대학교 일개 응급구조학과 재학생들을 대상으로 학교 내에서 안정상태로 측정한 심박변이도와 병원 임상실습 중 2주째와 4주째에 측정한 심박변이도를 비교분석하였다. 자료수집기간은 2013년 6월 21일부터 7월 23일까지였으며, MBTI 성격유형에 따른 안정 및 실습기간의 심박변이도의 변화에서 네 가지 성격유형별 분포도에 따른 안정 및 실습기간의 HRV에서는 nHF와 SDNN에서 유의한 차를 보였다. 전체 지표별 선호 분포도에 따른 안정 및 실습기간의 심박변이도의 변화에서 nLF는 T-F, J-P 그룹, nHF에서는 T-F, J-P 그룹, SDNN에서는 S-N, mHR에서는 J-P 그룹에서 유의한 차이가 있었다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2013

Purpose : This research was conducted to see the correlation between sway speed and muscle activity for lower extremity of stroke patients through unstable surface training. Methods : A total of 60 patients were randomly divided unstable surface group (30 peoples) and stable surface group (30 people). Then they were asked to carry out the same exercise program for 6 weeks. The unstable surface group and stable surface group performed the exercise program on the balance mat and on the hard wood block. We checked the changes of sway speed and the changes in muscle activity for lower extremity. Results : The unstable surface group displayed significantly reduced sway speed, and improved muscle activity of lower extremity. There were significant correlation between change amount of muscle activity and sway velocity in Gastrocnemius, Biceps femoris during unstable surface training(r=.373, p<.05)(r=.369, p<.05). And there were not show significant differences during stable surface training. Conclusion : Judging from this, we can have knowledge that the correlation between increase of muscle activity and decrease of sway velocity for Gastrocnemius, Biceps femoris in the unstable surface training.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.3587-3593
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• 2011

본 연구는 만성 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 하여 불안정한 지지면과 안정 지지면에서의 균형 훈련이 균형능력향상에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 한다. 이 연구의 대상자는 만성 뇌졸중 환자 30명(남: 16, 여: 14)으로 안정지지면 군과 불안정 지지면 군으로 무작위로 배분하여 주 5회 6주 동안 실시하였다. 균형증진 운동은 선행 연구를 참조하여 수정 보완한 것으로 6가지의 운동으로 구성하였다. 대상자들의 균형능력의 측정은 기능적 기립 균형 검사, 기능적 전방 팔 뻗기 검사, 실행능력 지향형 운동성 평가를 이용하였다. 기능적 기립 균형검사와 실행능력 지향형 운동성 평가에서는 안정지지면 운동군과 불안정 지지면 운동군 두 군에서 향상되었다. 기능적 전방 팔 뻗기 검사에서는 불안정 지지면 군에서만 향상되었다. 따라서, 안정 지지면에서의 운동도 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 균형능력 향상을 시키지만 불안정 지지면 운동군에서의 균형운동이 균형 능력 향상에 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 신경치료
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.19-23
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• 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of balance ability by performing closed chain exercise on stable support surface and unstable support surface in twenties. Methods This study randomly selected 15 students in the closed chain exercise group on the stable support side and 15 on the closed chain exercise group on the unstable support side. Balance ability was measured before and after the start of exercise and static balance was measured by OLT(One Leg Standing Test) and FRT (Functional Reach Test). Result The changes of the function reach test of the closed chain movement according to the ground type were significant in the unstable and stable support surfaces and the change of function reach test after the intervention in the two groups was significantly improved compared with the closed chain movement respectively. The one leg standing test changes of the closed chain movement according to the ground type showed significant results on the unstable and stable support surfaces, but there was no significant difference in the one leg standing test changes after intervention between the two groups. Conclusion The effect of closed chain training on ground type is unstable. The change of function reach test and one leg standing test of the closed chain exercise group on the stable support surface resulted in significant changes after exercise, but there was a significant difference in the balance ability of function reach test change after intervention between the groups.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 심해(<220m)에 설치된 개단말뚝, 폐단 말뚝, 관내토 선단 하부지반 그라우팅말뚝에 대한 압력토조 모형 실험을 수행하여 해진에 대한 안정성을 연구하였으며, 각각의 경우 단일말뚝, 2개 및 4개 군말뚝에 대하여 실험을 수행하였다. 해진시 단일개단말뚝의 지지력은 말뚝의 지중관입 깊이에 의해 영향을 받았으나, 개단 군말뚝에서는 극히 짧은 (7m)관입깊이를 모델링한 경우를 제외하면 안정하였다. 또한, 단일폐단말뚝과 폐단군말뚝에서는 극히 짧은 97m) 관입깊이를 모델링한 경우만을 제외하면 안정을 유지하였다. 그러나, 13m의 지중관깊이를 모델링한 단일 그라우팅 말뚝의 지지력은 가변상태를 유지하였고, 20m의 관입깊이를 모델링한 그라우팅 군말뚝은 안정하였다.심해에 설치된 개단강관말뚝의 관내토와 선단 하부지반을 그라우팅함으로서 해진에 의한 관내토폐색의 파괴를 막을 수 있다는 것을 확인하였으며, 폐단 말뚝은 개단 강관 말뚝보다 해진에 대해 안정하다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2015

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of balance training on different support surface (affected and non-affected sides) on the balance and gait function of chronic stroke patients. METHODS: The patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups. Group 1 received balance training on the stable surface, group 2 received balance training on the unstable surface, group 3 received balance training on different support surface (affected side: stable surface, non-affected side: unstable surface), and group 4 received balance training on different support surface (affected side: unstable, non-affected side: stable). Twelve sessions (30 min/d, 3 times/wk for 4 wk) were applied. There were assessed before and after the intervention with Balancia, functional reach test (FRT), lateral reach test (LRT), timed up-and-go (TUG), and 10-meter walking test (10MWT). RESULTS: After the training, all of the groups improved significantly than before training in Balancia, FRT, LRT, TUG, and 10MWT. There were significantly variable in sway distance, FRT, LRT, TUG, and 10MWT among the 4 groups. Post hoc analysis revealed that the group 3 had significantly higher results than other 3 groups in sway distance, and FRT, LRT, TUG, and 10MWT. CONCLUSION: Balance training on different support surface (affected side: stable surface, non-affected side: unstable surface) could facilitate a stronger beneficial effect on balance and walking ability than other balance trainings on different support surface in patients with stroke.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of exercising on a stable and unstable surface for a period of six weeks on the arms of female university students in their twenties. Methods: The subjects consisted of 20 female university students. The experimental group consisted of ten individuals who exercised on an unstable surface, and the control group consisted of ten individuals who exercised on a stable surface. The exercise program was composed of aerobic exercises (i.e. Back and forth movements for clapping and raising cross with both arms) and muscle-strengthening exercises (i.e. Push-ups and raising arms). We measured the subjects before the experiment and after the exercise program using the following measurements tool: a ruler and T-scan plus. The same person measured changes in arm size with a ruler three times and calculated the average to minimize any errors in measurement. We controlled the subjects to measure the amount of arm muscle with a T-scan plus. Twelve hours before the measurements were taken subjects were not permitted to exercise, and four hours before the measurements were taken subjects were not permitted to eat anything. Results: The two groups had no significant difference, but each group felt the effect of the exercise program. Conclusion: There was no difference between the experimental group and the control group. However, it was determined that the exercise had a greater effect on an unstable surface than a stable surface.