• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the balance training on the stable and unstable supporting surfaces for the subjects with functional ankle instability. Methods: Twenty-nine subjects with functional ankle instability were randomly assigned to the stable group (n=14) and the unstable group (n=15). Balance training was conducted twenty minutes a day on the stable surface for the stable group and on the airostep for the unstable group three times a week for four weeks. Balance training program was consisted of ten steps by eye opened or closed and two or one leg standing. X-speed for transverse balance and Y-speed for longitudinal balance were measured with eye opened and closed in affected leg standing position. Results: There were significant improvements of balance ability in eye opened (p<.01) and eye closed standing (p<.01) in stable group. Unstable group also showed significant improvements of balance ability in eye opened (p<.01) and eye closed standing (p<.01). There were no statistical differences in the magnitude of improvement between the groups (p<.05). Conclusions: Based on such results, it can be said that balance training on the stable surface is effective as much as training on the unstable surface for the subjects with functional ankle instability.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.641-646
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to observe how balance exercise on an unstable platform and on a stable platform affects balance ability. The subjects were 35 adults in their 20s and were randomly assigned to a stable platform group and an unstable platform group. They performed balance exercise three times per week for six weeks. Balance exercise introduced by previous research was modified and complemented for use in this study. Balance ability of the subjects was measured through center of pressure(COP) area, medial-lateral displacement, and anterior-posterior displacement using a portable balance platform BT4. There was significant difference in the COP area between the unstable platform exercise group and the stable platform exercise group. In comparison in differences between the unstable platform exercise group and the stable platform exercise group after the exercise, there was significant difference in anterior-posterior movement. Therefore, exercise on an unstable platform is more effective than exercise on a stable platform in strengthening balance ability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.48-53
• /
• 2014

This study is analyzed for electrical fire danger by electric equipments through surveys of stable owners and the field investigation at 64 stable. Also, an experiment is performed to analyze the thermal characteristics of 4 types electric wiring according to the number of operating halogen warm lamp group and automatic waterer group in Beon-young stable in the Cheongwon location. The survey is done to investigate the occurrence of electrical fire, electric equipment, causes and dangerous equipment. As a result, halogen warm lamp group and automatic waterer group are found to have dangerous loads. In the field investigation, the mode of load capacity of the halogen warm lamp group and automatic waterer group was investigated. The mode of load capacity of halogen warm lamp group (over 3 years) is found 17A and that of the auto waterer group (10 years) is 16A. In this experiment, the halogen warm lamp group aged at least 3 years showed $109^{\circ}C$ while that aged less than 1 year appeared $83^{\circ}C$, showing the max gap of $26^{\circ}C$. The automatic waterer group aged 10 years showed $90^{\circ}C$ while that aged less than 1 year appeared $68^{\circ}C$, showing the max gap of $22^{\circ}C$. These findings indicate that the mode of load capacity needs to be considered in selecting and installing wiring for the electric equipment construction of halogen warm lamp group and automatic waterer group in stable.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.203-219
• /
• 2007

We estimate the stable rank and connected stable rank of group $C^*$-algebra of certain disconnected solvable Lie groups such as semi-direct products of connected solvable Lie groups by the integers.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.18-26
• /
• 2008

The present study was aimed at investigating the postural control ability of volleyball players with functional ankle instability. The subjects were 26 male volleyball players were divided into 2 groups (13 subjects with functional ankle instability and 13 subjects with ankle stability) who could evaluate Questionnaire. All the male participants were tested by a Balance Master System. This study were to measure of static balance ability, dynamic balance ability, motor function the difference between functional ankle instability group and control group. Ankle instability group and stable group in postural sway ($^{\circ}/sec$) on film surface with eye closed in modified clinical test sensory interaction on balance, and left unilateral stance with eye opened and closed were significantly different (p<.05). The ankle instability group and stable group in limit of stability were significantly different (p<.05). The ankle instability group and stable group in left/right rhythmic weight shirt were significantly different (p<.05). The ankle instability group and stable group in turn time (sec) & turn sway ($^{\circ}$) during step/quick turn and end sway ($^{\circ}/sec$) in tandem walk were significantly different (p<.05). This study showed that volleyball players with functional ankle in stability were effected postural control ability by static balance & dynamic balance ability. Further study is needed to measure various athletic with functional ankle instability for clinical application.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the unstable wall squat exercise and stable bridge exercise on posture in normal adults. Methods: The subjects of this study were 34 university students who were normal health adults, equally and randomly allocated to a unstable wall squat exercise group (male 7, female 10), an experimental group, and a stable bridge exercise group, a control group. Both did so for 30 minutes three times per week over a six-weeks period. Using Back Mapper, their trunk inclination (TIN), trunk imbalance (TIM), pelvic position (PPO), pelvic torsion (PTO), pelvic rotation (PRO) and the position of their scapula (PSA) were evaluated. Results: When the pre-test and post-test results of experimental group and control group were compared, statistically significant differences in TIN, PTO and PSA of experimental group were seen. Conclusion: Unstable wall squat exercise accompanied by abdominal drawing-in may be applied as a method to correct the posture in normal adults.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.71-77
• /
• 1999

We show that if the stable rank of $B^{\alpha}$ is one, then the stable rank of B is less than or equal to the order of G for any action of a finite group G. Also we give a short proof to the known fact that if the action of a finite group on a $C^*$-algebra B is saturated then the canonical conditional expectation from B to $B^{\alpha}$ is of index-finite type and the crossed product $C^*$-algebra is isomorphic to the algebra of compact operators on the Hilbert $B^{\alpha}$-module B.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.1756-1762
• /
• 2019

Background: Functional ankle instability (FAI) indicating a decrease in muscle strength, proprioception, neuromuscular control, balance and postural control function. Objective: To investigate the effect of jumping exercise on the supporting surface on the ankle muscle thickness, proprioceptive sensation, and balance in adults with FAI. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods: Twenty young people with FAI were randomly assigned to the unstable supporting surface jump group (N=10) and the stable supporting surface jump group (N=10). The intervention was conducted three times a week for eight weeks, and for 30 minutes per session. Trampoline was used as an unstable support surface and the stable support surface was carried out on a regular floor. The thickness of the tibialis anterior muscle and medial gastrocnemius muscle was measured by ultrasonography, and the proprioception of dorsiflexion and plantarflexion was measured using an electrogoniometer. The dynamic balance was also measured with a balance meter. Results: The the muscle thickness of the medial gastrocnemius muscle was significantly higher in the stable supporting surface jump group than in the unstable supporting surface jump group (p<.05). Furthermore, the plantar flexion proprioception and dynamic balance were significantly improved in the unstable supporting surface jump group than in the stable supporting surface jump group in the intergroup comparison (p<.05). Conclusions: The conclusion has been reached in this study that the jumping exercise on the unstable supporting surface could be a more effective in improving FAI than the regular surface.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.93-104
• /
• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study is balanced exercise program according to the supporting surface any affect women's ability to balance high heels. Methods : This study subjects were normal 20 females in their twenties. They were divided into stable supporting surface(n=10), unstable supporting surface(n=10), and they exercised three times a week for 5 weeks. In order to compare the difference of balance, the subjects were measured before and after training. Balance was examined using the balance master 7.0 version systems. Results : 1. There was significant difference values between pre-exercise and post-exercise of unstable surface group on the FORM-EO and FORM EC of MCTSIB and all of Unilateral Stance variables. 2. There was significant difference values between pre-exercise and post-exercise of stable surface group on the mean EPE, mean MXE, and mean DCL of LOS. 3. There was significant difference values between pre-exercise and post-exercise of unstable surface group of the rhythmic weight shift. 4. There was significant difference value in the slow directional control of rhythmic weight shift between groups after exercise. Conclusion : Training on stable supporting surface group and unstable supporting surface group improve balance.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.509-524
• /
• 2019

Let Act(G, X) be the set of all continuous actions of a finitely generated group G on a compact metric space X. In this paper, we study the concepts of topologically stable points and continuous shadowable points of a group action T ∈ Act(G, X). We show that if T is expansive then the set of continuous shadowable points is contained in the set of topologically stable points.