• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 1992

From january 1970 through december 1990, 130 cases of patients with chest penetrating injury were admitted to department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery in Chosun University Hospital. We analyzed above patients and obtained results were as follows: 1. The ratio of male to female was 7.1:1 in male predominance, and the majority[69.6%] was distributed from 2nd to 3rd decade. 2. The most common cause of chest penetrating injuries was stab wound. 3. 110 cases[84.5%] were arrived to our emergency room within six hours after trauma. 4. The most common injuring mode was hemo, pneumothorax. 5. The frequently injured site of the penetrating chest trauma was left side of the chest [64.65%]. 6. The common associated injuries of penetrating chest injuries were extremities injuries, abdominal injuries, head & facial injuries. 7. The common method of surgical treatment were closed thoracostomy[78 cases], open thoracotomy[20 cases], laparatomy[12 cases]. 8. The overall motality was 3.07%[4/130], and the causes were hypovolemic shock, sepsis and asphyxia.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 1982

Although most patients with penetrating injuries can be managed successfully with early tube thoracotomy, blood volume replacement & close observation, the remainder can be saved only by an aggressive operative intervention. From January 1959, to August 1980, 176 cases with penetrating injuries had been treated at the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, National Medical Center. The ratio of male to female patient of penetrating chest wounds was 4.3:1 in male predominance and age from 10 to 40 occupied 76.7% of the total cases. Stab wounds was the most common penetrating injuries and followed by gunshot & glass wounds. To prevent early complications of penetrating chest injuries, thoracentesis were done in 29 cases [16%], and closed thoractomy in 40 cases [22.7%]. Open thoractomy, however, had to be done in 37 cases [21%] because of massive bleeding, hemopericardium, foreign body.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.715-722
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• 1984

From 1978 to April 30 84 thirteen cases of cardiac injured patients were operated under general anesthesia at Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery in Chonnam National University. These patients were divided Into two groups according to their cause of trauma: Group 1, penetrating cardiac injury and Group II, blunt cardiac injury. 1.In 7 cases of Group 1, 6 cases were stab wound and one case was gunshot wound, and among 6 cases of Group II, 3 cases traffic accident, 2 cases pedestrian, 1 case agrimotor accident. 2.The sites of cardiac injury in penetrating trauma were right ventricle mainly and the next left ventricle and in blunt trauma right ventricle, myocardial contusion, right atrium, and inferior vena cava in order. 3.In most of cases central venous pressure was elevated above 15 cmH2O and in 5 of 13 cases revealed cardiomegaly in simple chest X-ray. 4.The relationship between the condition on arrival and the time to operation is not significant. 5.Associated injuries in penetrating cardiac trauma were hemothorax, pneumothorax, laceration of lung and in blunt trauma hemothorax, sternal fracture, rib fracture and pneumothorax in order. 6.One case of gunshot injury died after operation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1013-1019
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• 1992

A clinical evaluation was performed on 1, 110 cases of chest trauma treated at the Department of Chest Surgery, Chonnam University Hospital, during the past 23 years from January 1968 to June 1990. The ratio of male to female was 5.5: 1. The most common causes of chest trauma was stab wounds in penetrating trauma and traffic accidents in nonpenetrating trauma. The most common injuries in chest trauma were hemothorax in penetrating trauma and rib fracture in nonpenetrating trauma. Hemothorax or pneumothorax was observed in 592 cases [53.3%] of the total cases and rib fracture was observed in 527 cases[47.5%] of the total cases. Rib fracture was prevalent from the 3th to 8th rib, and 1st and 2nd rib fractures were associated with major thoracic injuries and other organ injuries. Open thoracotomy was performed in 163 cases[14.7%] and conservative nonoperative treatment in the others. Overall mortality rate was 8.5%[94 cases], and common causes of the death were shock and respiratory insufficiency.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.598-602
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• 1994

We have experinced 20 cases of esophageal perforation from April, 1987 to August, 1993 at ourdivision of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University, Gu Ro Hospital. Here we investgates the causes of disease, symptoms and sign, locations, time lag from onset, treatment of perforation and the results.The ratio between male and female patients was 12: 8, and age ranged from 4 years to 70 years old.The cause of esophageal perforation were instrumental trauma 7 cases, stab wound 4 cases, foreign body 4 cases, spontaneous perforations 3 cases, and others 1 cases. The middle and lower portions of esophagus was frequently involved portion in our cases [11 cases of 20].The common complications after perforation were mediastinitis [6 cases] and empyema [2 cases].The method of treatment were as follows, primary repair of perforation, simple drainge techniques including simple cervical drainage and closed thoracostomy, diversion and two-staged operations during several months. There was no mortality in our cases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.887-887
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• 2004

The areal density of the hard disk drive(HDD) has been increased due to technological advances recently. To achieve the high areal density magnetic recording requires an extremely small gap between the air-bearing surface (ABS) and disk. At the same time, the slider mass and size should be reduced to minimize the physical contact under the operational and environmental conditions. Almost all of 2.5＂HDD companies will get ready for adoption of FEMTO slider and already utilized the small slider. FEMTO and small size slider will be mainstream in the 2.5" and other small form factor HDD in the near future. In this study, the flying characteristic of FEMTO slider was examined. Based on the simulation, FEMTO slider is very stable in flying dynamic under the disk modulation, however the flying height sensitivity of the manufacturing tolerances is much bigger than PICO slider. And the other characteristics like impulse response and load/unload dynamic were also examined in this study.tudy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.581-584
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• 2000

Because the penetrating cervical tracheoesophageal injury may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality, it is important to choose the optimal method of diagnosis and management in patient with tracheoesophageal injury. We obtained a satisfactory result from repair of tracheoesophageal injuries using cardiopulmonary bypass. If the bleeding from the unidentified deep injury and the spread of infection could be controlled, the repair using CPB might increase the margin of safety during operation in the similar cases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.364-370
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• 1989

22 Cases of traumatic diaphragmatic injuries treated at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery in Chon-Buk National University Hospital from Jan. 1979 to Oct. 1988 were reviewed in this study. Of the 22 cases, 18 were male and 3 were female, a ratio of 4.5:1. This ratio revealed high incidence in male patient. The age distribution ranged from 2 to 60 years and mean age was 31 years. The modes of injury were as follows: 11 stab wound, 5 traffic accident, 2 fall down, 2 fighting injury, 1 compression wound by sand bag, and 1 slip down injury. Useful diagnostic tools were chest X-ray with or without radiopaque dye swallowing, which was the most commonly diagnostic, UGI series, and thoracoscope. Operations were performed in 22 cases, and 18 cases were through thoracotomy. The herniated organs through the ruptured diaphragm were stomach, omentum, liver, spleen, colon, and small bowel. There were associated injuries, and the most commonly associated was rib fracture. There was no postoperative death.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1023-1026
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• 1994

We reviewed 10 cases of traumatic diaphragmatic injuries at Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital from January 1990 through April 1993. seven patients were male and three patients were female. The age distribution was ranged from 25 to 79 years, predominant 4th decades occurred in male. The traumatic diaphragmatic injuries were due to blunt trauma in 9 cases (traffic accident 7 and crash injury 2) and penetrating wound in 1 case (stab wound). The common symptom were dyspnea (60%), chest pain and abdominal pain in order frequency. In the blunt trauma and crash injury, te rupture site was all located in the left(9 cases). In the penetrating wound, the rupture site was located in the right(1 case). The surgical repair of 10 cases were performed with transthoracic approach in 9 cases and thoracoabodominal approach in 1 case. The postoperative mortality was 10% (1/10). The cause of death was multiple organ failure with pulmonary edema.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.944-949
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• 1993

Clinical analysis were performed on 247 cases of thoracic trauma, those were admitted & treated at the department of thoracic & cardiovascular surgery,Hanyang University Hospital during the period from Jan,1989 to June,1992. Age distribution of those was from 2 to 80 years old & mean age was 38 years old. The ratio of male to female patient was 186:61 [3:1].This ratio revealed high incidence in male patient. The most common cause of trauma was traffic accident in this series.The modes of injury were as follows: traffic accident 124 cases[50.2%],fall down 52 cases[21.05%], stab wound 47 cases[19.03%] and gun-shut wound 1 case.Ellapse time from accident to admission were 141 cases [57.09%] under 6 hr.Rib fracture were observed in 159 cases[64.37%], hemo or pneumothorax were observed 134 cases[54.25%] of total cases and location distributed Right:Left:Both[74:112:37], in left predominant. Conservative,non-operative treatment were performed in 128 cases and operation[open thoracotomy] 32 cases.Mortality was 1.6%[4 cases] & most common cause of death were due to irreversible shock with brain edema. Conclusively, more evaluation & co-operation of other department were expected treatment & better prognosis.