• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.30-34
• /
• 2007

This study investigated the effects of microcapsule wall materials and mixing ratios on the characteristics of microcapsules containing squid liver oil Emulsion stability was increased as Na-caseinate levels lose. Changes in mixing ratios of Na-caseinate and cyclodextrin caused micioencapsulation efficiencies to rise, fall, and then rise again. The particle size aid moisture contort of microencapsulated powders were not affected by the mixing ratios of wall materials. As the cyclodextrin content rose, water uptake was increased. The polyunsaturated fatty acid composition was shown to be higher then 50% in all powders, and the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid composition to saturated fatty acid composition was. 2.11 when the Na-caseinate and cyclodextrin mixing ratio was 4:6.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.165-171
• /
• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid sources on survival, growth anc body composition of snail (Semisu1cospira gottschei). Three replicate groups of snail (average weighing 152mg) were fed the diets containing different lipid sources such as lauric acid (LA), squid liver oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), corn oil (CO), SO+ LO, SO+CO, LO+CO and SO+LO+CO for 8 weeks. Survival was not affected by dietary lipid sources (p>0.05). Weight gain of snail fed the SO, SO+LO and SO+LO+CO diets was significantly higher than that of snail fed the LA and LO diets (P<0.05), and the lowest weight gain was observed in snail fed the LA diet (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in crude lipid content of edible portion in snail fed the different diets (P>0.005). Contents of 12:0, 18:2n­6, 18:3n-3 and 20:5n-3 from snail fed the LA, CO, LO and SO diets were higher than those from snail fed the other diets, respectively (p<0.05). The highest 22:6n-3 content was observed in snail fed the SO+ LO but was not significantly different from that of snail fed the SO, SO+CO and SO+LO+CO diets (p>0.05). The n-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids such as 20:4n-6 and 22:4n-6 contents of snail were not affected by dietary lipid sources (p>0.05). These results suggested that squid liver oil and mixture of squid liver oil and linseed and/or corn oil are good dietary lipid sources for the normal growth of snail. However lauric acid may not be a good lipid source for snail diet.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.461-467
• /
• 2011

This experiment was conducted to determine the each level of a newly developed squid liver powder (SLP) as a dietary protein source replacing fish meal (FM) in juvenile flounder. A diet excluding SLP (FM diet) and a commercial diet were two control diets. Six experimental diets were formulated to replace FM with three types of SLP at 5 and 10% level, respectively (SLP-A5, SLP-A10, SLP-B5, SLP-B10, SLP-C5, SLP-C10). Prior to the start of a feeding trial, fish were fed the commercial diet for 1 week to adjust to the experimental conditions. Fish with average weight of $22.8{\pm}0.40g$ ($mean{\pm}SD$), were randomly distributed to each aquarium as groups of 20 fish and fed the experimental diets in triplicate at satiation for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, weight gain and specific growth rate of fish fed SLP-C10 was lower than those of fish fed FM diet and SLP-B5. Meanwhile, no significant difference was observed in WG and SGR among fish fed diets excluding SLP-C10. Feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish fed each level of three types of SLP were not different from those of fish fed FM diet. However, fish fed SLP-C5 and SLP-C10 has lower FE and PER than those of fish fed a commercial diet, SLP-A5 and SLP-B5. Therefore, these results indicate clearly that dietary SLP-B could be a good protein source to develop inexpensive commercial diet in juvenile flounder.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.55 no.4
• /
• pp.443-448
• /
• 2022

Two long-term feeding trials were conducted to compare the effects on survival and growth of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus of experimental diets containing corn distillers dried grains with solubles, Squid Sepioteuthis sepioidea liver meal, and brown fish meal with a commercial die. In both first and second trials, two experimental diets and one commercial diet were assessed. After a 45-week feeding period in trial 1, survival did not differ significantly among groups. The final mean weight of sea cucumbers fed either experimental diet was significantly higher than that of sea cucumbers fed the commercial diet. After a 15-week feeding period in trial 2, survival and final mean weight of sea cucumbers fed either experimental practical diets was significantly higher than that of sea cucumbers fed the commercial diet. It was concluded that the experimental diets formulations can be used as a practical diet, and inclusion of corn distillers dried grains with solubles, squid liver meal, and brown fish meal can improve the growth of juvenile sea cucumbers.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.488-494
• /
• 1999

Hydrolytic peptides of salted and fermented anchovy sauce, and anchovy actomyosin for the development of a rapid fermentation method with conventional tastes and flavors were studied. The optimal temperatures of crude enzymes isolated from anchor, liver and viscera of squid were 55, 40$\~$45 and $45\~60^{\circ}C$, respectively. Crude enzyme isolated from anchovy was more effective on hydrolysis of anchovy actomyosin than that from squid liver and viscera. But the crude enzyme from squid liver was less effective on NaCl than that from anchovy. Three peptides occurred in anchovy actomyosin hydrolyzed with crude enzymes from anchovy and squid liver for 30 min. Their molecular weight were determined by Superdex 200 gel chromatography as 10,800, 5,800 and 2,600 dalton. When anchovy sauce was hydrolyzed with crude enzymes of anchovy, squid liver and viscera, and Protamex during 70 days, ranges of their low molecular weight of hydrolyzed peptides were 300$\~$1,000dalton detected by Sephadex G-50 and their major amino acid compositions were glutamic acid, glycine and alanine, which was related with conventional tastes. Those amino acid compositions were similar to those of anchovy sauce hydrolyzed with squid liver, In the case of Protamex treatment, hydrolyzed peptides had high levels of isoleucine and leucine, being associated with the bitter, but a low level of glutamic acid.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.65-69
• /
• 2005

We evaluated the effects of the partial dietary replacement of fish meal with squid liver $Meal^{TM}$ on the growth and body composition of juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus during the winter season. Twenty-five fish with an initial body weight of 23 g per tank were distributed among 12,250 L flow-through tanks. The experimental diets, which were designated SLM5, SLM1O, and SLM15 diets, were prepared in triplicate along with control diet by replacing 5, 10, and $15\%$ of mackerel fish meal with squid liver $Meal^{TM}$, respectively. The weight gain and specific growth rate of flounder that were fed the control and SLM5 diets did not differ from those of the fish fed the SLM10 diet, but they were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of the fish fed the SLM15 diet. The feed efficiency ratios for the flounder that were fed the control, SLM5 and SLM10 diets were significantly (P<0.05) higher than for the fish that were fed the SLM15 diet. However, the protein efficiency ratio for the flounder was not significantly affected by the experimental diets. The crude protein, crude lipid and ash content, and blood chemistry of the flounder were not significantly affected by the experimental diets. Therefore, the replacement of up to $10\%$ of dietary fish meal with squid liver $Meal^{TM}$ can be made without a reduction in growth or a deterioration of the feed efficiency of juvenile olive flounder during the winter season.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.78-79
• /
• 2003

Effects of dietary lipid level and source (squid liver oil being rich in n-3 HUFA, soybean oil being rich in 18:2n-6, and linseed oil being rich in 18:3n-3) in fishmeal-based diet on growth and body composition of grower sunshine bass raised in seawater were investigated. Fifteen grower (an initial weight of 146.8$\pm$0.23 g) sunshine bass were randomly distributed into 27 of 250 L fiber reinforced plastic flow-through tanks. Fish were hand-fed to satiety twice daily for 6 days a week throughout the feeding trial. Survival was over 97% and not significantly affected by either dietary lipid level or lipid source (n-3 highly unusaturated fatty acid, HUFA). Weight gain of fish tended to improve with dietary n-3 HUFA level up to 2.9%, but sharply decreased at 3.5%. The best weight gain was obtained in fish fed the diet supplemented with 6% squid liver oil and 3% soybean oil. FER and PER were not significantly affected by either dietary lipid level or dietary lipid source. The lowest moisture content of the whole body was observed in fish fed the diet supplemented with 12% squid liver oil and highest for the diet supplemented with 9% linseed oil, respectively. Protein content of fish was not significantly affected by either dietary lipid level or dietary lipid source. However, lipid content of the whole fish tended to increase with an increase of either dietary lipid level or dietary n-3 HUFA level, except for fish fed the diet supplemented with 9% linseed oil. Ash content of fish fed the diet with no supplementation of oil was highest and lowest for the diet supplemented with 9% soybean oil, respectively. Significant differences in saturated fatty acids (16:0, 18:0 and 24:0), monoene (18:1n-9), 18:2n-6, 20:5n-3 and sum of n-3 HFUA of fish were observed. In considering these results, it could be concluded that supplementation of 9% oil combined with 6% squid liver oil and 3% soybean oil into fishmeal-based diet was the most recommendable for growth of grower sunshine bass raised in seawater.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.42 no.11
• /
• pp.1759-1766
• /
• 2013

In this study, the optimal conditions for salmon hydrolysate using squid liver and compositional properties of hydrolysate were investigated. The optimal conditions were $55^{\circ}C$, pH 5.5 and 0.66~0.67% (w/w) in the ratio of squid liver to acidic and thermal treated salmon muscle. The free amino acid of hydrolysate from the acidic treated salmon muscle was higher than that of hydrolysate from the thermal treated salmon muscle, while the total amino acid and mineral were high in the acidic treated salmon muscle. Furthermore, cadmium of hydrolysate from the thermal denatured salmon muscle was below 2 ppm, and has an acceptable level as potential ingredient. The distribution of peptide molecular weight was 40.0% for 1.0~9.5 kDa, 6.7% for 0.5 kDa, and 47.4% of others in hydrolysate from the thermal treated salmon muscle. Both hydrolysates did not show any toxicity against the HepG2 cell line for up to $200{\mu}g/mL$.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.745-750
• /
• 2014

This study investigated the effects of squid Todarodes pacificus liver oil on the serum lipids and adipose tissue weight of rats. The rats in the soybean oil (SO) group received a basic diet prepared according to the recommendations of the American Institute of Nutrition (AIN-93G), with 7% SO as lipid source. The rats in the Patagonian toothfish Dissostichus eleginoides muscle oil (PTFO) group received 5% PTFO and 2% SO as the lipid source, while the rats in the eco-friendly squid liver oil (EFSO) group received 5% EFSO and 2% SO. EFSO was prepared according to the method outlined in the author's patent. PTFO was extracted from muscle using a physical method in the author's laboratory. The prominent polyunsaturated fatty acids in the dietary oils were 18:2n-6 (54.3%) and 18:3n-3 (5.64%) in SO, DHA (6.77%) and EPA (3.61%) in PTFO, and DHA (26.2%) and EPA (9.94%) in EFSO. After feeding for 4 weeks, the serum lipid levels (e.g., triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) of the rats in the EFSO group were significantly reduced as compared with those in the SO group (P<0.05); those of the rats in the PTFO group were also reduced, albeit not significantly, compared with the SO group. On the other hand, the total white adipose tissue (visceral, epididymal, and perirenal) weight was significantly reduced in the EFSO and PTFO groups compared to the SO group. These results demonstrate that EFSO is an effective lipid modifying agent in rat blood, and that EFSO and PTFO have greater anti-obesity effects than SO.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.127-132
• /
• 2010

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid sources on the growth and fatty acid composition of juvenile sea cucumber. For 12 weeks, three replicate groups of sea cucumber (average weight 1.4 g) were fed one of three diets, containing squid liver oil (SLO), soybean oil (SO), or linseed oil (LO) as a dietary lipid source, or a control diet (CON) without added lipids. Sea cucumber survival was not significantly different among dietary treatments (P>0.05). The highest weight gain was observed in sea cucumber fed the SLO diet, whereas the weight gain of sea cucumber fed the SO diet was the lowest among dietary treatments (P<0.05). No significant differences were found in the moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash contents of whole sea cucumber body among dietary treatments (P>0.05). Concentrations of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were significantly higher in sea cucumber fed the SLO diet than in those fed on the other diets. The highest 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 contents were observed in sea cucumber fed the SO and LO diets, respectively. The results of this study suggest that squid liver oil could be used as a good lipid source in formulated diets for juvenile sea cucumber.