• Title/Summary/Keyword: spring kimchi cabbage

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Studies on Kimchi for its Standardization for the Industrial Production Part 1. Survey of Status Industrial Production (김치의 공업적(工業的) 생산(生産)을 위한 공업표준화(工業標準化)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) 제(第)1보(報) 공업적생산(工業的生産)을 위한 조사(調査))

  • Yu, Tai-Jong;Chung, Dong-Hyo
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.116-123
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    • 1974
  • 1) In Seoul, it was known that the season for preparing Kimchies (fermented vegetables) for the winter was from the middle of November to early in December, in which the preparing rates of Kimchies in the middle of November, the end of November and early in December were 32.7%, 41.3% and 12.5%, respectively. The time that the largest quantity of them was prepared was about the end of November. 2) The average cost of Kimchies prepared for the winter for a family of four, five, six and seven was $10,000{\sim}15,000$ Won, $15,100{\sim}20,000$ Won, $10,100{\sim}20,000$ Won and $10,100{\sim}20,000$ Won, respectively, and the cost did not increase in proportion to members of a family. In case of the family of $6{\sim}7$, the cost for Kimchies showed a wide range compared with those for the family of $4{\sim}5$ 3) The main raw materials of kimchi for one person for the winter required $12{\sim}20$ heads of Chinese cabbages, $14{\sim}20$ roots of radishes, $4{\sim}7$ cloves of garlics and $300{\sim}500g$ of powdered red pepper. 4) The residents living in Seoul had prepared the several kinds of the pickles for the winter as follows; (1) Chinese cabbage Kimchi (98.9%), (2) Whole Chinese cabbage Kimchi (74.7%), (3) Kkakdugi (68.6%), (4) Dongchimi (66.4%) and (5) Chong-kak Kimchi (63.3%). It has, therefore. been considered that the five kinds of Kimchies mentioned above may be industrialized. 5) Uniqueness of the raw materials used for the most popular Chinese cabbage Kimchi was to use leeks, garlics, red peppers and gingers as spices, and it was also known that proper amounts of salted shrimp pickles and oysters was mixed to the Kimchies. Therefore, it had been considered that the characteristics of Chinese cabbage Kimchies for the winter had the hot taste with freshness. 6) For keeping the Kimchies during the winter about the half of the pickle jars was buried in the ground, and another half of them were wrapped in the straw bags or styropol and they were placed on the ground or kept in the basement, 7) In most case (80.9%), the salt concentration of pickling was adjusted by one's experiences, and only 19% of them was measured with the instruments. 8) Most of remaining kimchies were usually used for other cooks, but some of them were thrown away. 9) The ratio of the people who had ever bought the market Kimchies for their own edibility was 17.8% and most of them got it only in the spring and summer season. 10) About 18% of the residents living in the general houses in Seoul had ever bought the market Kimchies. It was also known that about 48% of the residents living in the general houses and about 79% of the residents living in the apartments wanted to purchase the market Kimchies if the production of the delicious Kimchies were industrialized. The season that the people wanted to get the market Kimchies was a little different each other among the residents. About 13.4% of the residents living in the general houses wanted to purchase the Kimchies during the summer, and 11.9% of them wanted to get it throughout the year. On the other hand, in case of the apartments, 25.2% of the residents wanted to get it during the summer and 24.4% of them wanted it throughout the year (4 seasons) and 19.9% of them wanted it during two seasons. The data mentioned above have shown that many residents hope strongly an industrial production of the Kimchies. It is also true that many residents living in both the general houses and apartments want to get the market kimchies throughout the year, and particulary during the summer season that most foods are very apt to be spoiled.

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Effect of Soluble-Solids Contents of Chinese Cabbages on Kimchi Fermentation (배추의 가용성 고형물 함량이 김치의 발효에 미치는 영향)

  • Shim, Sun-Taek;Kim, Kyung-Je;Kyung, Kyu-Hang
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.278-284
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    • 1990
  • A study relating the soluble-solids (S.S.) contents of Chinese cabbages to the final titratable acidities(TA) of kimchis was conducted. The S.S. contents of Spring-sowed Chinese cabbages were in the range from $1.20-3.40^{\circ}$ Brix while those of Autumn-sowed Chinese cabbages were in the range from $3.8-6.6^{\circ}$ Brix. The S.S. contents of Chinese cabbages were varing depending on their varieties and the cultivating seasons. However, seasonal variations were much more significant than the varietal variations. The final TAs of kimchis after complete fermentation were found to be directly proportional to the S.S. contents(x) of Chinese cabbages, showing that TA equals to 0.30x+07779. From the equation, a Chinese cabbage of a S.S. content with up to $0.02^{\circ}$ Brix, which is practically impossible to obtain, will make a kimchi which will not be overacidified during the prolonged storage period without any preservative measures.

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Development of Mosim Dining Table's Menu for Head House of Suwon Baek Clan and Injaegong Group in Jeonju (전주 수원백씨인재공파 종가 학인당의 '모심상' 상품화 연구)

  • Kim, Mi-Hye;Chung, Hae-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.29 no.6
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    • pp.477-487
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    • 2014
  • This study aimed to develop a new commercialization model for theindustrialization of head family food as a gentry families' complex food culture product. We tried to develop a head family food and propose a city sightseeing style's head family product by interviews with 'Hakindang' as the center, the head house of the Suwon Baek clan, and Injaegong group in Jeonjoo. Hakindang (in Jeonju) was confirmed as an improved model Korean-style house in the enlightenment period and the twentieth style modern head family as emerging capitalist. Hakindangsupported independence war funds in the Japanese colonial era and was widely known as gate of filial piety in Jeonju. Representative seasonal foods of Hakindang include pan-fried sweet rice cake with flower petals in the spring, hot spicy meat stew and polypus variabilis in summer, hanchae in autumn, and napa cabbage kimchi with salted flatfish seafood in the winter. When parents-in-law had a birthday, there were party noodles, sliced abalone stuffed with pine nuts, brass chafing dish, fish eggs, slices of blilde meat, and matnaji. Daily, there were mainly salted seafood, slices of raw fish, grilled short rib patties, braised fish, baked fish, syruped chestnut, grilled deodeok root, bean sprouts, radish preserved with salt, dongchimi, soy sauce-marinated horseshoe crab, butterbur, perilla seed stew, salted clams, raw bamboo shoot, agar, fried kelp, etc. The most basic virtue of the head family is filial duty, and they developed mosim dining as a representative food of Hakingdang's head family. The mosim menu is composed of 65% carbohydrates, 20% protein, and 15% fat because it is table for parents-in-law like more than 75 years old. The sensory evaluation showed a chewy texture that is easily swallowed.

Estimation of vitamin K intake in Koreans and determination of the primary vitamin K-containing food sources based on the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2011)

  • Kim, Eun-Soo;Kim, Mi-Sung;Na, Woo-Ri;Sohn, Cheong-Min
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • v.7 no.6
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    • pp.503-509
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    • 2013
  • There is little information on dietary vitamin K intake and nutritional status of daily requirements of vitamin K in Korea. The objective of this study was to investigate the vitamin K intake and major food sources of Vitamin K in Koreans. The survey data from the 2010-2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 7,792 subjects (aged 19-64 years) were examined. Total vitamin K intake was calculated from 24-hour dietary recall using a vitamin K food database, Computer Aided Nutritional analysis Program and the United States Department of Agriculture database. The geometric mean of vitamin K was estimated as $322.40{\pm}6.33ug/day$ for men and $271.20{\pm}4.92ug/day$ for women. Daily vitamin K intake increased significantly with age (p for trend < 0.001). The main food source of vitamin K was vegetables (72.84%), including cabbage kimchi (19.26%), spinach (17.38%), sesame leaves (7.11%), radish leaves (6.65%), spring onions (6.28%), and laver (4.82%), followed by seaweed, seasonings, and fat and oils. We observed that the vitamin K intake of Koreans was relatively higher than that reported by other studies in Western countries and differed depending on age.

Effect of seasonal cabbage cultivar (Brassica rapa L. ssp. Pekinesis) on the quality characteristics of salted-Kimchi cabbages during storage period (계절별 배추 품종에 따른 절임배추의 저장중 품질 특성)

  • Choi, Eun Jeong;Jeong, Moon Cheol;Ku, Kyung Hyung
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.303-313
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    • 2015
  • This study investigates the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of seasonal salted-Kimchi cabbages to provide basic data on its uniform quality. Generally, seasonal salted-Kimchi samples had different pH values at initial storage periods, but there was no difference in pH between the seasonal samples when stored for longer periods. The samples from the fall and winter seasons were relatively low in acid and high in solid soluble content compared to samples from other seasons. Salted-Kimchi cabbages in the summer showed the highest microbiological number compared to samples from other seasons. In the sensory evaluation, there were differences in the appearance, aroma, and taste, depending on seasonal samples at different storage periods. The correlation coefficient between the quality characteristics in the seasonal samples showed a positive or negative correlation between the quality characteristics at 1% significant level. In the principal component analysis, F1 and F2 were shown the 51.81% and 14.23% of the total variance (66.21%), respectively. In the PCA pattern of seasonal salted-Kimchi cabbages during storage periods, winter samples were distributed on the top of F2, spring samples were in the middle of F2, while the rest of the samples were distributed on the bottom of F2. According to increasing storage periods, initial storage samples were distributed at the left of F1, while other samples were located at the right of F2.

A Study on the Effects of Meterological Factors on the Distribution of Agricultural Products: Focused on the Distribution of Chinese Cabbages (기상요인이 농산물 유통에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 배추 유통 사례를 중심으로)

  • Lee, Hyunjoung;Hong, Jinhwan
    • Journal of Distribution Research
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.59-83
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    • 2012
  • Agriculture is a primary industry that influenced by the weather or meterological factors more than other industry. Global warming and worldwide climate changes, and unusual weather phenomena are fatal in agricultural industry and human life. Therefore, many previous studies have been made to find the relationship between weather and the productivity of agriculture. Meterological factors also influence on the distribution of agricultural product. For example, price of agricultural product is determined in the market, and also influenced by the weather of the market. However, there is only a few study was made to find this link. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of meterological factors on the distribution of agricultural products, focusing on the distribution of chinese cabbages. Chinese cabbage is a main ingredient of Kimchi, and basic essential vegetable in Korean dinner table. However, the production of chinese cabbages is influenced by weather and very fluctuating so that the variation of its price is so unstable. Therefore, both consumers and farmers do not feel comfortable at the unstable price of chinese cabbages. In this study, we analyze the real transaction data of chinese cabbage in wholesale markets and meterological factors depending on the variety and geography. We collect and analyze data of meterological factors such as temperatures, humidity, cloudiness, rainfall, snowfall, wind speed, insolation, sunshine duration in producing and consuming region of chinese cabbages. The result of this study shows that the meterological factors such as temperature and humidity significantly influence on the volume and price of chinese cabbage transaction in wholesale market. Especially, the weather of consuming region has greater correlation effects on transaction than that of producing region in all types of chinese cabbages. Among the whole agricultural lifecycle of chinese cabbages, 'seeding - harvest - shipment - wholesale', meterological factors such as temperature and rainfall in shipment and wholesale period are significantly correlated with transaction volume and price of crops. Based on the result of correlation analysis, we make a regression analysis to verify the meterological factors' effects on the volume and price of chines cabbage transaction in wholesale market. The results of stepwise regression analysis are shown in

    and
    . The type of chinese cabbages are categorized by 5 types, i.e. alpine, gimjang for winter, spring, summer, and winter crop, and all of the regression models are shown significant relationship. In addition, meterological factors in shipment and wholesale period are entered more in regression model than those in seeding and harvest period. This result implies that weather in consuming region is also important in the distribution of chinese cabbages. Based on the result of this study, we find several implications and recommendations for policy makers of agricultural product distribution. The goal of agricultural product distribution policy is to insure proper price and production cost for farmers and provide proper price and quality, and stable supply for consumers. Therefore, coping with the uncertainty of weather is very essential to make a fruitful effect of the policy. In reality, very big part of consumer price of chinese cabbage is made up of the margin of intermediaries, because they take the risk. In addition, policy makers make efforts for farmers to utilize AWIS (Agricultural Weather Information System). In order to do that, it should integrate the relevant information including distribution and marketing as well as production. Offering a consulting service to farmers about weather management is also expected to be a good option in agriculture and weather industry. Reflecting on the result of this study, the distribution authorities can offer the guideline for the timing and volume of harvest, and it is expected to contribute to the stable equilibrium of supply and demand of agricultural products.

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