• Title/Summary/Keyword: spraying method

Search Result 390, Processing Time 0.025 seconds

Effect of Physical Treatments on Curl in Inkjet Coated Paper During Papermaking (물리적 처리가 잉크젯 코팅지 생산 과정 중에 발생되는 컬에 미치는 영향)

  • 임연주;남원석;백기현
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
    • /
    • v.36 no.2
    • /
    • pp.39-46
    • /
    • 2004
  • In this paper, the effects of roll diameter and storage time in roll form, bending method and relative humidity on curl in copy paper and inkjet coated papers are investigated. In copy paper, more MD curl is showed at smaller roll diameter and the extension of bending time. However CD curl is hardly influenced by roll diameter and bending time. At high relative humidity, especially CD curl largely reduces. All inkjet coated papers without the primary or the secondary back coating during papermaking show the increase in MD curl and slight decrease in CD curl by MD bending regardless of the winding methods(TSO, TSI). The water spray as back coating results in the remarkable reduction of CD curl regardless of the winding methods. Drying on flat dryer after spraying the moisture on back side display the most excellent effect on the reduction of CD curl.

A Study on Labor Saving in Paddy Rice Cultivation (논벼재배에 있어서의 노동력 절감에 관한 연구)

  • Young-Chul Chang
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
    • /
    • v.11
    • /
    • pp.81-97
    • /
    • 1972
  • Experiments and investigations were done basically and practically for the purpose of labor saving in paddy rice cultivation especially on Homizil i.e. hoeing and herbicide, 1969. 8 concrete tanks were established on the open base of Keon Kuk University for comparison of percolation, dissolved oxygen and yield test of rice in the paddy plot of tank. The dimension of the bottom of each tank is square meter. Each of the 4 of the 8 tanks is 21cm in height and each of the remaining 4 tanks is 36cm. Each tank has a system that comprises 2 sets of tubes, each of which has 20 holes of 5mm in diameter scattered every side and is covered with nylon cloth taking water in the tank. One set consists of 4 P.V.C tubes. The first set is situated 8cm below the top of the tank and the second set is located at bottom layer inside the tank. The 4 tubes of each set are combined together and led to the glass tube which protects from inside to outside. And this inside-outside glass tube is connected to the small rubber tube. Also a glass tube is set 4cm below the top of the tank. Paddy loam was filled on sand in each of the tanks in the soil depth of either 15cm or 30cm. The depth of sand was 5cm in the soil depth of 15cm and 10cm in the soil depth of 30cm. (Fig. 1, 2 and 3). The paddy rice was grown in the tank. The percolation of water, the dissolved oxygen and the yield of rice were observed in the tank. And the dissolved oxygen was detected by Winkler method. A sandy paddy field of heavy percolation was selected at the field of the National Agricultural Material Inspection Center in Seoul. It was divided into 9 plots. These plots were given 3 treatments: (A) not hoeing, (B) hoeing one time and (C) hoeing two times. These treatments were replicated 3 times along the latin square design. The paddy rice was grown and sprayed with Stam F-34 in the all plots for the purpose of killing weeds before hoeing. The two types of paddy of field i.e. one for normal percolation and the other for ill drainage were selected at Iri Crop Experiment Station, Jeonla-Bukdo. Each field was divided into 24 plots for 8 treatments. They are: (A) not hoeing; (B) hoeing one time; (C) hoeing two times; (D) not hoeing but treating with herbicide, Pamcon; (E) hoeing one time and weeding two times also treating with herbicide, Pamcon; (F) hoeing two times and weeding one time a], o treating with herbicide, Pamcon; (G) hoeing two times and weeding two times also treating with herbicide, Pamcon, ; (H) usual manner. The labor hours and expenses needed for weeding in the paddy by hoeing were investigated in a farmer at Suwon and the price of herbicide and the yield of rice were taken out at Iri, Jeonla-Bukdo. The results obtained from the above experiments and investigations are as follows: 1. The relationship between percolation and dissolved oxygen shows that a very small amount of oxygen is detected in the soil water under 2cm below surface of earth in the paddy even when percolation is over 4.0cm per 24 hours (Tab. 1). 2. The relationship between percolation and yield of rice shows that the yield of rice increases in the percolation of 0cm and 1.5cm per 24 hours and decreases in the percolation of 2.5cm and 3.4cm in the plot of the 15cm ploughing depth and increases in the percolation of 1.4cm and 3.0cm and decreases in the percolation of 0cm and 4.0cm in the plot of 30cm ploughing depth (Tab. 1 and Fig. 5). 3. The yield of paddy weeded with Stam F-34 in the sandy field of heavy percolation in Seoul was 3.02 tons in the plot of not hoeing, 2.99 tons in hoeing one time and 3.05 tons in hoeing two times per hectare (Tab. 5). 4.1). 4. 1) The yield of rice per 10 ares in the field of normal percolation at Iri was 338kg in not hoeing, 379kg in hoeing one time, 383kg in hoeing two times, 413kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and not hoeing, 433kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing one time and weeding two times, 399kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing two times and weeding one time, 420kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing two times and weeding two times and 418kg in usual manner (Tab. 6-1). 2) The yield of rice per 10 ares in the field of ill drainage at Iri was 323kg in not hoeing, 363kg in hoeing one time, 342kg in hoeing two times, 388kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and not hoeing, 425kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing one time and weeding two times, 427kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing two times and weeding one time, 449kg in spraying herbicide, Pamcon, and hoeing two times and weeding two times and 412kg in usual manner (Tab. 6-2). 5. 1) The labor hours for weeding by hoeing was 37.1 hours but 53.5 hours if hours for meal, smoking and so on are included, and the expenses including labor cost needed for weeding by hoeing in the paddy rice was 2, 346 Won per 10 ares at Suwon (Tab. 7). 2) The labor hours for weeding by spraying herbicide with hand sprayer in the paddy rice was about 5 hours per 10 ares at Suwon and the expenses for weeding by spraying herbicide in the paddy rice was 750 Won but 1130 Won if the loss by decrement of rice in the paddy field of ill drainage per 10 ares is calculated in estimation at Iri (Tab. 8). From these observations and investigations it is known that using of some kinds of herbicides Saves labor and expenses of weeding, almost without giving damages to the rice itself, in the field of normal or heavy percolation comparing usual manner of hoeing.

  • PDF

A Study on Development of New Repair Method by High Pressure Spray (고압 스프레이 방식 신보수공법의 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Woo, Jong-Tae;Jang, Suk-Hwan;Kim, Yong-Chul
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
    • /
    • v.7 no.1
    • /
    • pp.279-288
    • /
    • 2003
  • This study is the development of method on repairing concrete structure for progressing the durability of reinforced concrete. This method is wet spray method which compress and conduct mortar pre-mixed with polymer powder to hose by high pressure pump and spray it on the section of concrete structure through nozzle made specially. Characters of this method are that materials are selected with the sort of structure and the cause of deterioration and macro pores are removed in repaired section by conducting with high pressure and spraying with high velocity for progressing the durability of concrete structure. This study has carried out that the minimum capacity of rebound was measured with various condition and physical properties of sample made by spray method were estimated in comparing with sample made by previous hand method. Also, properties of long-term have carried out after this method was applied on site. According to experimental study, the capacity of rebound showed below 5% and physical properties of sample made by spray method were superior to that of sample made by hand method and physical and durable properties of long-term showed excellence.

The growth effect of agglomerated and nonagglomerated particles in Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) (응집입자와 비응집 입자의 CNC 내에서 응축성장에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Kim, Y.W.;Moon, H.W.;Yoon, J.U.;Ahn, K.H.
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
    • /
    • 2001.06d
    • /
    • pp.579-584
    • /
    • 2001
  • Agglomerated and nonagglomerated SiO2 particles are synthesized in furnace by the electrohydrodynamic spraying method and the vapor feeding method for the test particle generator this study. These polydispersed particles are classified with DMA to extract equal mobility particles. Then these particles are introduced into CNC (Condensation Nuclei Counter) to see the pulse height using Multi-channel Analyzer. The response characteristics of these two kinds of particles in CNCs (TSI CNC 3022 and 3025A) have been studied as a function of particle size using mono disperse particles classified by DMA. The results show that the higher drag resistance particles, so called agglomerated particles have generated a lower CNC pulse height than the spherical particles for these two different CNCs, which means the nonagglomerated particles may start to grow larger than the agglomerated particles.

  • PDF

Finite Element Analysis on the Impactive Deformation of a Cu Particle in Cold Spraying Processing : Effect of Velocity (저온분사 공정에서 구리분말 충돌속도 변화에 따른 충돌변형 거동의 유한요소해석)

  • Cho, Kyu-Jin;Yoon, Seung-Chae;Kim, Hyoung-Seop
    • Journal of Powder Materials
    • /
    • v.15 no.3
    • /
    • pp.227-233
    • /
    • 2008
  • Dynamic plastic deformation behavior of copper particles occurred during the cold spray processing was numerically analyzed using the finite element method. The study was to investigate the impact as well as the heat transfer phenomena, happened due to collision of the copper particle of $20{\mu}m$ in diameter with various initial velocities of $300{\sim}600m/s$ into the copper matrix. Effective strain, temperature and their distribution were investigated for adiabatic strain and the accompanying adiabatic shear localization at the particle/substrate interface.

Thermal System Analysis for Optimization of Torch Position in The Core Making Machine. (중자조형기의 토치위치 최적화를 위한 열계해석)

  • 한근조;안성찬;심재준;한동섭
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
    • /
    • 2000.11a
    • /
    • pp.587-590
    • /
    • 2000
  • The new core making method economized on core sand requested. The new method is heating core box until it reaches reasonable temperature and then spraying core sand with core binder into core box. Inner temperature distribution have to uniform in order to form core of uniform thickness. Therefore, in this study we treat of inner temperature distribution of core box in priority. First, determine proper torch number. Next, optimize the torch position to minimize the average of absolute deviation(AVEDEV) of inner temperature. The results are as followed : 1. The torch number that makes inner temperature distribution about $300^\circ{C}$ uniformly is 25. 2. When $S_H$ and $S_V$ is 0.7, the torch position is optimized and AVEDEV is 5.85.

  • PDF

Deposition of TCO Films by Pyrosol Method (Pyrosol 법에 의한 투명전도성 산화물 박막 제작)

  • Yoon, Kyung-Hoon;Song, Jin-Soo;Choi, Byung-Ho;Park, Yi-Joon
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
    • /
    • 1989.07a
    • /
    • pp.319-322
    • /
    • 1989
  • Using pyrosol method, based on the pyrolysis of an aerosol produced by ultrasonic spraying, the deposition of transparent conducting oxides (TCO) such as $In_2O_3$ : Sn, $SnO_2$ : Sb and $SnO_2$ : F on glass substrates was studied. The electrical, optical and structural properties as functions of substrate temperature, dopant concentration, substrate type and carrier gas type were investigated.

  • PDF

Tribological Behaviors of Chromium Carbide Coatings by HVOF Thermal Spraying (HVOF 열용사에 의한 크롬 카바이드 코팅의 마모.마찰거동)

  • 김장엽;임대순;이상로;변응선;이구현
    • Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
    • /
    • v.32 no.11
    • /
    • pp.1315-1321
    • /
    • 1995
  • The optimal coating condition for chrominum carbide coating was selected by Taguchi method. The wear tests with coated specimens by HVOF method were performed in the temperature to 80$0^{\circ}C$. Applied normal loads were selected to be from 8N to 30N. The worn surfaces and subsurfaces were characterized by XRD, EPMA, AES and SEM. The wear track increased with increasing applied normal load, and in terms of the temperature range from 400 to $600^{\circ}C$, below that range, the wear track increased, and above that temperature ragne, the wear track decreased. The degree of oxidation caused by the test temperature and the frictional heating was responsible to the unique high temperature wear behavior chromium carbide coatings.

  • PDF

Effects of Electrostatic Force on Movement of Sprayed Aerosol Particles in Continuous Galvanizing Process (용융도금강판의 제조 공정에 있어서 2-유체 분사 액적의 운동에 미치는 정전대전력의 영향)

  • Kim, S.H.;Kim, H.M.;Chung, H.C.;Chung, W.S.
    • Journal of ILASS-Korea
    • /
    • v.5 no.3
    • /
    • pp.45-54
    • /
    • 2000
  • A novel electrostatic splaying method for solidifying a galvanized coating layer was studied. Our experimental results and computer simulations showed that electric field could assist the fine droplets to attach on the steel surface and change the sprayed droplets trajectory especially in the space near the steel surface. It was necessary to apply the electric voltage higher than - 20 kV to obtain the enough electrostatic attraction force between droplets and the steel sheet.

  • PDF

Hydrogen Bonding-Driven Assembling of Thin Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (수소결합에 의한 얇은 다중벽 탄소나노튜브의 자기조립)

  • Han, Joong-Tark;Kim, Sun-Young;Woo, Jong-Seok;Lee, Gun-Woong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
    • /
    • 2007.11a
    • /
    • pp.426-427
    • /
    • 2007
  • Here we describe the formation of a self-assembled film of thin multiwalled carbon Nanotubes(t-MWNT) modified with hydroxy groups through hydrogen peroxide treatment. Morphologies of t-MWNT films could be controlled by the various coating method, such as filtering, drop casting, spraying method, etc. The results show that on densification of the CNT suspension during drying, multiple hydroxy group-modified MWNTs can be self-assembled through strong surface hydrogen bond interaction while MWNTs usually exist an entangled state in the film. The interaction between t-MWNT was illustrated from Raman spectrum of spray coated films.

  • PDF