• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.759-764
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• 2024

최근 멀티콥터를 적용한 농업용 방제 작업에 대한 수요가 높아짐에 따라 높은 작업 효율, 편의성 및 적용성 등에 관한 요구가 높아지고 있다. 농업용 방제 작업의 경우 비산 현상에 관한 문제를 개선하기 위해 선행연구와 비교분석을 통해 다양한 노즐에 대한 비산 현상 저감 방안에 대한 실험적 검증을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 노즐 변화에 따른 비산 현상에 관한 특성을 실험적으로 검증하는 것을 목적으로 하며, 살포 후 감수지에 대한 평가를 통해 도포성능을 예측할 수 있다. 실험 결과 DG 노즐이 피복률이 상대적으로 높게 나타났으며, 비행 속도가 증가함에 따라 피복률은 상대적으로 감소하였다. 이는 비행 속도를 증가하기 위해 기체의 기울기 변화 및 로터의 추력 증가에 따라 하향 풍이 상대적으로 감소하여 비산 현상에 대한 영향을 증가시켜 목표 지점에 낙하 입자를 감소시켰다. 비행 고도가 증가함에 따라 피복률은 상대적으로 감소하였다. 이는 비행 고도가 높아짐에 따라 유효 살포 거리가 넓어지며, 단위면적당 낙하 입자의 부착량이 감소하였다. 이를 통해 적절한 분사 조건(비행 고도 및 속도)을 도출할 수 있으며, 방제 작업의 비산 현상을 최소화하여 최적의 방제 작업 공정에 적용하고자 한다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.313-322
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• 1995

This study was conducted to find the design factors of spraying device of the boom sprayer for low volume application. Specific objectives of this study were 1) to select proper nozzles for broadcast spraying and row crop spraying by the nozzle spray characterisic experiment, and 2) to investigate the coverage characteristic of rice plant at the row crop spraying. The results of this study are summarized as follows. (1) From the tested results on the droplet diameter spectrum and spray pattern the standard flat-fan nozzle and drift guard nozzle were judged as appropriate for the broadcasting. Even flat-fan nozzle showed similar span values to standard flat-fan nozzles and drift guard nozzle : however, the nozzles were found to be inappropriate for broadcasting because of their spray pattern. Hollow cone nozzle showed relatively small span values and uniform spray pattern. (2) For the upper and lower sides of the rice plants, coverage rates of even flat-fan nozzles and hollow cone nozzles were maximum at the second row, but decreased rapidly after the third row. For the middle side of the rice plants, coverage rates of them were maximum at the first row, but decreased rapidly. When one nozzle was tested, C.V. values were in the range of 90~160% and 60~160% on entire heights of rice plant for even flat-fan nozzles and hollow cone nozzles respectively. C.V. values at other parts were poor. Spray coverage rate at the middle part was improved by overlapping the nozzles whereas there was little difference on the upper and lower part of rice plants. (3) For spraying lower part of rice plant between rows, even flat-fan nozzles and hollow cone nozzle were judged as appropriate, but in order to ensure the uniform coverage, distance between nozzles, recommended to be less than 90cm.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.217-225
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• 1995

This study was conducted to find design factors of spraying device of the boom sprayer for low volume application. Four types of nozzles(standard flat nozzle, drift guard nozzle, even flat nozzle, and hollow cone nozzle) were used for the spray characteristic experiment. Spray patterns of the nozzles were distinguished by the nozzle type, spray distance, and spray direction. The flow rate was proportional to the square root of spray pressure in all nozzles. Increased nozzle height improved spray distribution at reduced pressures and/or increased spacing. Distribution tended to improve as pressure increased within the range of pressures used for fan nozzles.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2024

Global population growth has resulted in an increased demand for food production. Simultaneously, aging rural communities have led to a decrease in the workforce, thereby increasing the demand for automation in agriculture. Drones are particularly useful for unmanned pest control fields. However, the current method of uniform spraying leads to environmental damage due to overuse of pesticides and drift by wind. To address this issue, it is necessary to enhance spraying performance through precise performance evaluation. Therefore, as a foundational study aimed at optimizing drone-based pest control technologies, this research evaluated water-sensitive paper (WSP) via density map estimation using convolutional neural networks (CNN) with a encoder-decoder structure. To achieve more accurate estimation, this study implemented multi-task learning, incorporating an additional classifier for image segmentation alongside the density map estimation classifier. The proposed model in this study resulted in a R-squared (R²) of 0.976 for coverage area in the evaluation data set, demonstrating satisfactory performance in evaluating WSP at various density levels. Further research is needed to improve the accuracy of spray result estimations and develop a real-time assessment technology in the field.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제66권5호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2024

With the advancement of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) technology, aerial spraying has been rapidly increasing in the agricultural field. Drones offer many advantages compared to traditional applicators, but they pose challenges such as spray drift risk and spray uniformity. To address these issues, it is essential to understand the characteristics of complex airflow generated by drones and its consequences for the spray performance. This study aims to identify the air velocity distribution of drone downwash and the resulting spray deposition distribution on the ground, ultimately proposing optimized spraying widths and criteria. Experiments were conducted using two agricultural drones with different propeller arrangements under various flight and measurement conditions. The results showed that during hovering, the downward airflow affected the area within a distance of the radius of the blade (R) from the center of the drone. When the drone was flying, the downward airflow was effective up to a distance of 2R. Droplet deposition was concentrated at the center of the drone during hovering. However, during flying, the droplet deposition was more evenly distributed up to the distance of R. The drone downwash and droplet deposition were significantly different during flying compared to the hovering state. At an effective spray width of 3R, the coefficient of variation (CV) was generally less than 16%, indicating a significant improvement in spray uniformity. These findings help optimize effective spraying techniques in drone-based applications.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.431-440
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• 2001

Generated agri-chemical droplets by orchard sprayers are evaporated regenerated and transported along wind streams. The droplets are deposited to targets after changing their sizes, affecting the retention of droplets. An orchard sprayer, designed for spraying grapevines was studied on the spatial distribution of droplet size. The experimental variables were spray direction (0, 22.5, 45, 67.5 and 90˚), distance(2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 m) and fan speed (2,075 and 3,031 rpm). Droplet sizes were converted and analyzed from spray stains, sampled using water sensitive papers. The number median diameter (NMD) increased with an increase of the distance due to disappeared fine droplets (<50 ㎛): however, the volume median diameter (VMD) decreased due to shrunken large droplets (>100 ㎛). Fast fan speed delivered large droplets to 3.5 m, but the spatial distributions of NMD and VMD were not uniform. Slower fan speed decreased the possibility of evaporation and drift; therefore, plenty of droplets were maintained up to 3.0 m. The upward blasting distance was limited within 3 m, but the limit to the ground level was extended to 3.5 m. Concentrated wind and droplets to the ground level should be redistributed to upper canopy direction, leading more uniform deposits. High speed wind and system pressure should be avoided because of generating fine droplets, which would be disappeared and drifted away.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2007

IGR계 농약은 곤충에는 독성이 강할 뿐만 아니라 내분비계에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 우리나라에서는 최근 관찰된 누에 미화용 현상의 원인으로 추정되기도 하여 본 연구는 가장 많이 사용된다고 알려진 IGR계 농약 diflubenzuron의 누에에 대한 독성을 평가하였다. 누에에 대한 급성독성시험과 뽕잎잔류 독성시험 결과에 의하면 diflubenzuron은 표준살포액을 10,000배 희석한 액에 노출된 누에에도 치명적 피해를 입히는 것으로 나타났고, 6주전에 야외에서 표준살포농도로 살포한 뽕잎을 급여하여도 누에가 치사되는 등 독성이 매우 강하였으나 최근 농가에서 나타난 미화용 현상은 관찰되지 않았다. 또 과수원으로부터의 비산을 가정하여 과수원에 diflubenzuron WP (25%)를 살포하고 거리별로 뽕잎을 채취하여 누에에 섭식시킨 결과, 바람이 부는 방향으로 50 m 까지만 화용비율에 영향을 미친 것으로 나타나 과수원에서 비산된 diflubenzuron의 피해를 막기 위해서는 100 m 정도의 안전거리를 둘 것을 추천한다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2013

본 실험은 방역살충제 살포에 따른 수생태계의 위해성을 평가하는데 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 deltamethrin의 하천 방역시 풍속에 따른 하천수 중 약제의 잔류변화(A)와 하천표면으로 유입되는 잔류량 조사(D) 그리고 소여울에서의 수중 잔류변화(B) 및 상류지역인 반석천변에서 관행 살포시, 하류지역인 유성천 합류지점에서의 deltamethrin 잔류변화(C)를 조사하였다. A지점에서 풍속에 따른 결과를 비교해 볼 때, 각각의 최대 잔류량은 $0.17{\mu}g/L$(0 m)와 $4.42{\mu}g/L$(25 m)로 나타났으며, 약제가 검출된 시료 중 살포지점으로부터 가장 멀리 떨어진 지점은 각각 100 m(5 min)과 200 m(15 min)으로 나타났다. B지점의 하천 여울의 잔류량은 0 min ~ 480 min(8 hr)까지 $0.15{\sim}0.26{\mu}g/L$의 범위를 유지하다 720 min(12 hr) 이후부터 정량한계 미만인 $0.04{\mu}g/L$ 이하로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 반석동과 죽동 하천변 일대에서 관행법으로 방역 후 유성천 합류지점(C)에서 최대 48시간까지 시료를 채취하였는데, deltamethrin이 최초로 유입되는 것은 0 min과 1 min에서 각각 $0.15{\mu}g/L$, $0.11{\mu}g/L$로 나타났으며, 이후 12 hr 지점($0.10{\mu}g/L$)을 제외하고는 모든 지점에서 정량한계 미만으로 나타났다. 이는 상류에서 방역을 실시할 경우 하천으로 투입된 약제가 합류지점까지 이동하면서 유량의 증가, 저니토 및 부유물에 의한 흡착으로 인해 잔류량이 낮아졌기 때문이라고 보여 진다.