• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.192-198
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• 2006

The nanostructured cerium oxide powders were synthesized by spray thermal decomposition process for the use as the raw materials of resistive oxygen sensor. The synthesis routes consisted of 1) spray drying of water based organic solution made from cerium nitrate hydrate ($Ce(NO_3){_3}6H_2O$) and 2) heat treatment of spray dried precursor powders at $400^{\circ}C$ in air atmosphere to remove the volatile components and identically to oxidize the cerium component. The produced powders have shown the loose structure agglomerated with extremely fine cerium oxide particles with about 15 nm and very high specific surface area ($110m^2/g$). The oxygen sensitivity, n ($Log{\propto}Log (P_{O2}/P^o)^{-n}$ and the response time, $t_{90}$ measured at $600^{\circ}C$ in the sample sintered at $1000^{\circ}C$, were about 0.25 and 3 seconds, respectively, which had much higher performances than those known in micron or $100{\sim}200nm$ sized sensors.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2006

Urethane, epoxy, acrylic have common property to adhere on the concrete dried surface in the waterproofing materials at present. In the wet condition, however, the materials such as urethane, epoxy, acrylic need a long hardening time and it become a reason of water leakage as the materials breaking down. it is one of the problem to adhere to the substrate. Therefore, in this thesis, I focused to assure the structural safety and durability and quality for waterproofing and safe of construction cost by cut down the cost of labor and reduce the term of works as searching the application of field condition for high adhesive spray type of degenerated and rubberized asphalt membrane material.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.861-873
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• 2022

The drying of duck blood provides safety and commercial benefits, but each drying method has its own characteristics. Moreover, information on the effects of diverse drying methods on the quality of duck blood is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of various drying methods on the chemical and functional properties of duck blood. The physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of duck blood subjected to spray drying (SD), freeze drying (FD), vacuum drying (VD), and hot air drying (HD) were examined. The carbonyl content of FD duck blood powder was the lowest and the thermal stability was higher than that of the other treatments (p<0.05). The gel obtained from spray-dried blood displayed the lowest malondialdehyde content. The hardness, gumminess, and chewiness were the highest in the heat-induced gel prepared from FD duck blood powder (p<0.05). The gel obtained from FD duck blood displayed a denser structure than the other gel samples. Taken together, the FD duck blood exhibited excellent chemical properties and processing suitability.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.123-130
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• 1982

Studies were carried out to clarify the effect of ginsenoside-Rbl -Rbr and acid hydrolyzatps of ginsenoside-Rbl, -Rb2 (HRbl, HRbf) on lipolysis and lipogenesis induced by epinephrine, glucagon, ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone), TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) and insulin in rat adipose tissilr. HRbl , HRb2 slightly inhibited lipolysis induced by epinephine. glucagon and TSH. ACTH-induced lipolysis in fat tissue slices was significantly inhibited by ginsenoside -Rbl, -Rb2, HRbl and HRb2, particulary HRb2. None of ginsenoside-Rbl, -Rb2, HRbl and HRb2 accelerated insulin-stimulated lipogenesis in fat calls. Among ginseng products, extract powder (freeze dried), extract powder (spray dried), red ginseng powder inhibited ACTH-induced lipolysis in adipose tissue slices, but red ginseng extract not affect them.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.292-295
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• 2013

Fermented whey solution presenting bifidogenic growth stimulation (BGS) activity was processed as prototypes such as sterilized fermented whey (SFW), spray-dried fermented whey (SDFW), and freeze-dried fermented whey (FDFW) and their BGS activities were compared. In optical density ($OD_{600}$) test, the BGS activity of three prototypes, which showed similar activities, were significantly different with non-fermented whey solution adjusted to pH 4.5 as a control (P<0.05). In viable cell count test, SDFW had the most positive influence than other prototypes on the BGS activity even though the difference was not significant. However, the activities of all prototypes were significantly different than the negative control (no addition). These results indicate that the processed prototypes of fermented whey solution show BGS activities and might be commercialized, with further evidences, in animal or human studies.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.3208-3212
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• 2012

Controlled drug delivery systems employing microparticles offer lots of advantages over conventional drug dosage formulations. Microencapsulation technique have been conducted with biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) for its adjustable biodegradability and biocompatibility. In this study, we evaluated two techniques, oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion solvent evaporation and spray drying, for preparation of polymeric microparticles encapsulating a newly synthesized drug, SS-AG20, for the long-term drug delivery of this low-molecular-weight drug with a very short half-life. Drug-loaded microparticles prepared by the solvent evaporation method showed a smoother morphology; however, relatively poor encapsulation efficiency and drastic initial burst were discovered as drawbacks. Spray-dried drug-loaded microparticles had an imperfect surface with pores and distorted portions so that its initial burst was critical (70.05-87.16%) when the preparation was carried out with a 5% polymeric solution. By increasing the concentration of the polymer, the morphology was refined and undesirable initial burst was circumvented (burst was reduced to 35.93-74.85%) while retaining high encapsulation efficiency. Moreover, by encapsulating the drug with various biodegradable polymers using the spray drying method, gradual and sustained drug release, for up to 2 weeks, was achieved.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2001

The effect of major operating parameters in spray drying sorber(=SDS) for automatic control for the simultaneous removal of acidic and organic gaseous pollutants from solid waste incinerator was performed. The field experiment was carried out in pilot scale test for the quantification of major operating parameters of hydrophilic and the hydrophobic pollutants. The removal efficiencies of $SO_2$and HCI in the 5wt% slurry condition were being increased with the increase of the stoichiometric ration which is the molecular ratio of lime to the pollutant concentration, and with the decrease of inflow flue gas temperature in the pilot SDS reactor. The removal efficiency along the height of spray drying sorber was closely related to the temperature profile, and more than 90% of total removal efficiency was achieved in an absorption region. For the removal of acidic gas the optimum operating condition considering the economics and a stable operation is the 5wt% of slurry concentration, 1.2 of stoichiometric ratio and 25$0^{\circ}C$ of inflow flue gas temperature. For the organic gases of benzene and toluene the removal efficiencies were 20-60% which is much lower than that of acidic gas. The best removal efficiency was obtained at 1.5 of stoichiometric ratio and 25$0^{\circ}C$ of inflow flue gas temperature. The organic\`s removal efficiency along the height of spray drying sorber was quite different from that of acidic gas, that is, more than 60% of the total removal efficiency for benzene and 90% of the total removal for toluene were achieved in the dried adsorption region, which was formed at the lower or exit part of the reactor.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.462-470
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• 1995

The characteristics of spray-dried granules are important for dry pressing operation since they have great influences on die-filling, compaction ratio, and resulting green microstructure. An attempt was made to control granule morphology and the packing structure of fine Si3N4 particles in granules by adjusting suspension property. Mercury porosimetry was used to characterize the pore structures of both granules and green compacts. Finally, the effects of particle packing structure in granules and green microstructure on sintering behavior were investigated.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2000

The dyeing of silk fabric with chinese scholar tree extract was investigated. The colorant was extracted with distilled water, and concentrated under reduced pressure, and, finally spray-dried. The optimum temperature and dyeing time for the dyeing of silk with the scholar tree extract was $60^\circ{C}$ and 60 minutes respectively. In mordant dyeing, pre-mordanting method was most effective for color yield, and 1~2 % of mordant concentration was acceptable. Fastness of the dyed silk fabric to laundering and rubbing was shown to be good, but fastness to light, dry cleaning, and perspiration were varied with used mordants.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.338-345
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• 2001

An experiment was conducted to determine the optimal inclusion ratio of spray dried plasma protein (SDPP) and dried porcine solubles (DPS) for maximizing growth and improving immunity in weaned pigs. One hundred-fifty male (barrow) pigs were allotted in a completely randomized block design. Treatments were as follows: 1) control (6% SDPP), 2) S6D6 (6% SDPP+6% DPS), 3) S6D3 (6% SDPP+3% DPS), 4) S3D6 (3% SDPP+6% DPS) and 5) S3D3 (3% SDPP+3% DPS). Each treatment has 6 replicates with 5 pigs per replicate. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were highest, but not significantly different when pigs were fed a diet contained 6% SDPP and DPS from d 0 to 7 after weaning. Pigs fed the S6D3 diet showed better weight gain and feed intake than other treatments, especially compared with pigs fed S3D6 diet (p<0.05) from d 8 to 21 after weaning. For the overall experimental period, pigs fed the S6D3 diet showed the best improvement in ADG and ADFI. The digestibilities of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) were higher in pigs fed the S6D6 diet than other diets from d 0 to 7 after weaning. However, pigs fed S6D3 diet showed higher DM, CP and essential amino acids (except methionine and arginine) digestibilities than pigs fed other diets from d 8 to 21 after weaning, although there was no significant difference. From d 8 to 21 after weaning, threonine, valine, isoleucine and leucine digestibilites were higher in S6D6 group, and phenyalanine, histidine, lysine and arginine digestibility were higher in S6D3 group than other groups. The ratio of CD4 and CD8 positive lymphocytes during the overall experimental period was independent of the ratio of SDPP and DPS. However, CD4+:CD8+ ratio was numerically lowered in pigs fed diet the S6D3 diet. Therefore, the present study suggests that an optimal inclusion ratio for maximizing growth performance and maintaining low immune status is 6% of SDPP and 3% of DPS in weaned pigs.