• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 1997

Spray dried powdered juice was processed from concentrated extract of jujube(Zizyphus jujuba MILLER). Spray drying of the extract solution could not be operated to have powder product by itself over whole concentration range and required addition of some carrier or support material. The concentrated extract of 26$^{\circ}$Bx was combined with carrier material solution to have a final concentration of 30$^{\circ}$Bx, and then spray dried. Proper addition level of carrier solid for physical and flavor quality of the powder product was determined to be 1 : 1 ratio to jujube solid. Combined use of maltose and gum arabic produced the best quality product among the studied carrier materials, which were maltose, dextrin, condensed milk and gum arabic. Enzymatic treatment in extraction process could increase the yield by 13~39%, but hurt the sensory quality of powdered juice. Treatment by 0.5% pectinase(0.05 unit/ml) may be used with lesser quality change for improved yield.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2015

High-quality protein ingredients have been used in nursery diets, in spite of expensive ingredients, to minimize nutritional deficiency and disease problems. Recent dramatic increases in prices of protein products for nursery diets have exacerbated the challenge. Spray-dried egg may be a part of the solutions. Therefore, this review describes the value of spray-dried egg in nursery diets as a high-quality protein source. Spray-dried egg is egg by-product and is produced by only eggs without shell that are below the USDA Grade B standards. Spray-dried egg is an excellent nutrient source: 1) highly digestible, 2) excellent balance of amino acids, 3) rich content of fat, and 4) high metabolizable energy. These can be attributed to growth of nursery pigs. Beyond the provision of bioavailable nutrients, spray-dried egg also may provide specific physiological benefits. Spray-dried egg contains 1) immunoglobulin antibodies (IgY: IgG in egg yolk) that may attach to intestinal pathogens and excrete them and 2) lysozymes antimicrobial protein that can damage bacteria cell wall. Thereby feeding spray-dried egg may reduce concentration of intestinal pathogen and thus improve potential gut health or enteric disease resistance in nursery pigs. This is important for physiologically immature weaned pigs. Based on these benefits, spray-dried egg is believed to have the same benefits as spray-dried plasma protein and milk products in diets for nursery pigs. Therefore, it is suggested that spray-dried egg has a great potential as a valuable protein source in nursery diets.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.374-380
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• 2017

Properties of coatings produced by warm spray were investigated in order to utilize this technique as a repair method for Al tire molds. $Al-(0-10%)Al_2O_3$ composite powder was sprayed on Al substrate by warm spraying, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite coating layer were investigated. For comparative study, the properties of the coating produced by plasma spray, which is a relatively high-temperature spraying process, were also investigated. The composite coating layers produced by the two spray techniques exhibited significantly different morphology, perhaps due to their different process temperatures and velocities of particles. Whereas the $Al_2O_3$ particles in the warm sprayed coating layer maintained their initial shape before the spray, flattened and irregular shape $Al_2O_3$ particles were distributed in the plasma sprayed coating layer. The coating layer produced by warm spray showed significantly higher adhesive strength compared to that produced by plasma spray. Hardness was also higher in the warm sprayed coating layer compared to the plasma sprayed one. Moreover, with increasing the fraction of $Al_2O_3$, hardness gradually increased in both spray coating processes. In conclusion, an $Al-Al_2O_3$ composite coating layer with good mechanical properties was successfully produced by warm spray.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.334-339
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• 2003

To increase the utilization of citron, citron juice that is by-product of citron tea was spray dried and freeze dried. Cyclodextrin(CD) was used as wall material to stabilize during drying. The physiochemical properties of citron juice were as follows: water content of 82.3%, pH of 2.45, and there were little different in two kinds of drying or CD added in different ratio. Citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid and lactic acid were detected in all of the samples. Spray and freeze-drying increased markedly yellowness compared to that of citron juice. Heat stability was reduced by both of two kinds of drying, and CD 15% was more decreased than CD 10%. Water uptake by freeze-drying was somewhat higher than that of spray-drying. When sensory properties of original citron juice was compared with those of spray and freeze dried, freeze drying with 10% of cyclodextrin was evaluated as superior to citron juice or other drying conditions.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.144-148
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• 2001

In this study, to improve the color of iron oxide from waste pickling acid at the cold rolling mill, quality control technologies to improve color were investigated. During operation of the spray roaster, the charge amount of waste acid per hour, temperature, and numbers of spray nozzles were investigated. At the admixing process, titanium oxide, silica, and goethite were tested. The color character of iron oxide can be improved by process control of the spray roaster and the admixing process at a pigment factory. Iron oxide from this study is appropriate for use as a colorant of a concrete product.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.149-154
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• 2008

The present study described an antimicrobial spray composition comprising nanosized silica-silver particles, in which nano-silver is bound to silica molecules and a water-soluble polymer, the nanosized silica-silver particles prepared by irradiating a solution comprising a silver salt, silicate and the water-soluble polymer with radiation rays. According to a surfactant addition, the compositions were not turbid and were colorless. Also samples (cotton fabrics and wallpaper) were treated with the compositions also did not cause any stains even after drying under sunshine and at $80^{\circ}C$. Our results suggested that the spray formulation product was of practical use to control indoor fungi.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.442-447
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• 2022

Sealing treatment is a post-surface treatment of the plasma spray coating process to improve the corrosion resistance of the coating material. In this study, the effect of the sealing on the corrosion resistance and adhesive strength of the plasma spray-coated alumina coatings was analyzed. For sealing, an epoxy resin was applied to the surface of the coated specimen using a brush. The coated specimen was subjected to a salt spray test for up to 48 hours and microstructural analysis revealed that corrosion in the coating layer/base material interface was suppressed due to the resin sealing. Measurement of the adhesive strength of the specimens subjected to the salt spray test indicated that the adhesive strength of the sealed specimens remained higher than that of the unsealed specimens. In conclusion, the resin sealing treatment for the plasma spray-coated alumina coatings is an effective method for suppressing corrosion in the coating layer/base material interface and maintaining high adhesive strength.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.305-311
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• 2023

Background: The National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER)'s classification of and airborne fraction ratio for consumer chemical products (CCP) does not reflect the characteristics of various product classifications. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to reclassify the types of spray products according to the diverse spray characteristics of CCPs to evaluate the airborne fraction ratio of representative spray types and to compare them with previous CCPs types and airborne fraction ratios. Methods: One thousand seven hundred two products were selected through market research, and 932 newly reported products were selected. After that, 200 were selected to evaluate products with potential inhalation exposure. After classifying six product types that are expected to show differences in the airborne fraction ratio according to the type of product, a final 38 products were selected for use in the airborne fraction ratio through random sampling. Results: CCP has been reclassified from two to six types so that the characteristics of all products are well-reflected. The NIER simply had two airborne fraction ratios, but the results of experiments with six types of products showed a significant difference in values (p<0.01). Airborne fraction ratios of propellant general foam, pump general aerosol, and pump trigger foam in spray type, which were not previously present in NIER, were 7.1%, 24.4%, and 3.5%, respectively. Conclusions: For the diversified types of CCPs, the newly proposed classification was more appropriate than the existing NIER classification. The airborne fraction ratio was also different for each type, so a new value was suggested.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.771-775
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• 2002

$Gd_2$$O_3$:Eu phosphor particles with nano-sized and non-aggregation characteristics were prepared by spray pyrolysis using the spray solution containing polymeric precursor and $Li_2$$CO_3$ flux material. Nano-sized $Gd_2$$O_3$:Eu phosphor particles had higher brightness than the commercial $Y_2$$O_3$:Eu phosphor particles. The $Gd_2$$O_3$:Eu phosphor particles had nano-size and non-aggregation characteristics after heat-treatment at $1000^{\circ}C$ when the addition amount of $Li_2$$CO_3$ flux was 1 wt.% and 3 wt.%. The mean size of particles were 200 nm and 400 nm when the amount of flux was 1 wt.% and 3 wt.%, respectively. The prepared phosphor particles had higher photoluminescence intensity than that of the commercial product regardless of the content of$ Li_2$$CO_3$ flux and had the maximum brightness when the content of flux was 5 wt %. The photoluminescence intensity of the nano-sized $Gd_2$$O_3$:Eu phosphor particles containing 3 wt.% $Li_2$$CO_3$ flux was 125% in comparison with that of the micron-sized $Y_2$$O_3$:Eu commercial product.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.569-573
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• 2006

This study was conducted to manufacture new product containing high soluble polysaccharide from Hericium erinaceus extract. The new products were prepared for powder, granulate and tablet form by spray drying process. The high soluble powder form was mixed with sub-ingredients and then granulated form by granulator and molded as tablet form by a press molder respectively. Moisture content of products was following order; spray dried powder > granule > tablet Total sugar content of produce was observed to 19.14% in spray dried powder, 37.58% in granulate and 35.76% in tablet. The hue angle of products was $85.5^{\circ}$ in spray dried powder, $95.37^{\circ}$ in granulate and $94.67^{\circ}$ in tablet. The absorption capacity was higher in powder, but the product type did not affect the color.