• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.322-333
• /
• 2017

In June and July 2015 and 2017, typical signs and symptoms of brown rot were observed on the fruit of Japanese apricot, peach, apricot, Japanese plum, and sweet cherry with incidence levels of 2-5% in Jeonju and Imsil, Korea. Early symptoms were small, circular, light brown spots that eventually destroyed entire fruit. Small sporodochia later appeared on the surface. Conidia isolated from each host were one-celled, hyaline, lemon-shaped and borne in branched monilioid chains. The optimal temperature range for hyphal growth of all the isolates was $20-25^{\circ}C$. The growth of hyphae was faster on potato dextrose agar and oatmeal agar than others. Multiple alignments using the ITS sequences from different host showed that they matched each other (100%). The ITS sequences showed 100% identity to those of M. fructicola. Based on the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis via internal transcribed spacer (ITS), all the isolate was identified as M. fructicola. Pathogenicity of representative isolates was proved by artificial inoculation, fulfilling Koch's postulates. This is the first confirmed report on brown rot caused by M. fructicola on stone fruit in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.179-182
• /
• 2020

In July 2018, a serious rust symptom was found throughout the fringe trees planted in Gangjin-gun, Korea. Yellow and brown spots were observed on the adaxial (topside) surface of the collected fringe tree leaves, and yellow color aecia were observed on the abaxial (underside) surface leaves. The size of aeciospore and urediniospores of JCK-KCFR1 strain were measured to 41.2 ㎛ (Φ) and 28.84 ㎛ (Φ) with a light microscope. Phylogenetic analysis of the small subunit rRNA, internal transcribed spacer, and large subunit rRNA region indicated that JCK-KCFR1 strain is novel species of the genus Puccinia and closely related to Puccinia kusanoi, which has been reported a rust pathogen on bamboo. In May 2019, rust symptoms were also discovered on the bamboo leaves planted around the fringe tree on Muwisa-ro, and their telia and teliospores were observed on the abaxial leaf surfaces of the bamboo with 100% sequence homology with the rust of the fringe tree. This is the first report that Puccinia sp. JCK-KCFR1 is a new species that requires both primary (fringe tree) and alternative (bamboo) host plants to complete its life cycle in Korea.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.47
• /
• pp.85-117
• /
• 2016

These days, ISIS terrorists have been expanding not only to european countries, but also to asian countries so South Korea is no longer safe from terrorists' attacks. Especially, 'soft target terrorism' makes many people maximizing fear of terrorism because it is caused by small groups - those who are armed with small arms and light weapons - and they are able to carry out hit and run attacks on civilian targets. It poses even more dangerous to kill massively. That is why November 2015 Paris attacks and January 2016 Jakarta attacks killed and injured many people because of 'soft target terrorism.' Therefore, the South Korea has also recognized the seriousness of terrorism by ISIS. The study has shown the precautionary measures about 'soft target terrorism' and how to defend against 'soft target terrorism' by looking through overseas examples. It is for the possibilities of 'soft terrorism' in South Korea because of the expansion of ISIS. As a result, 'soft target terrorism', caused by ISIS, could happen in South Korea. The counterplan is as in the following. First of all, 'soft target terrorism', which is collaborated with ISIS and domestic terrorists, could be caused by negative awareness of foreign residents and xenophobia so the public should change stereotypes about the foreign residents and there should be legislation about racial discrimination enacted by parliament and the government must practice the law. Second, the Korean anti-terrorism laws should be modified to minimize violations of human rights, related to the Korean citizens' personal information, and to stop the concentration of power into the hands of one law enforcement. Third, the government has to develop and to initiate the refuge&evacuation simulation, which prepares for 'soft target terrorism' and minimizes the damages if terrorists attack hot spots like central commercial areas or event halls.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2009

The safety management of a road network comprises four basic inter-related components：identification of sites(black spot) requiring safety investigation, diagnosis of safety problems, selection of feasible treatments for potential treatment candidates, and prioritization of treatments given limited budgets(Persaud, 2001). Identification process of selecting black spot is very important for efficient investigation of sites. In this study, the accident prediction model for EB method was developed by using accident data and geometric conditions of black spots selected from four-leg signalized intersections in In-cheon City for three years (2004-2006). In addition, by comparing the rank nomination technique using EB method to that by using accident counts, we managed to show the problems which the existing method have and the necessity for developing rational prediction model. As a result, in terms of total number of accidents, both the counts predicted by existing non-linear regression model and that by EB method have high good of fitness, but EB method, considering both the accident counts by sites and total number of accident, has better good of fitness than non-linear poison model. According to the result of the comparison of ranks nominated for treatment between two methods, the rank for treatment of almost sites does not change but SeoHae intersection and a few other intersections have significant changes in their rank. This shows that, with the technique proposed in the study, the RTM problem caused by using real accident counts can be overcome.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.129-142
• /
• 2017

Accident Black Spot Improvement Project is the representative road safety intervention to eliminate environmental risk factors on the roadway by installing road safety facilities. Although it is one of the main road safety projects in Korea, there has been a lack of effort analyzing the traffic accident reduction effects of this project. In this study, therefore, we selected 4,171 road black spots from 2004 to 2013 and investigated the traffic accident reduction effects of 5 road safety facilities by using "Comparison Group(C-G)" method. Through the analysis, it was found that the number of traffic accidents were lowered by 4.45% with traffic islands, 32.17% with road paved markers, and 24.13% with speed cameras, respectively. However, 0.61% with pedestrian fencing and 1.67% with skid resistant pavement were increased on the other hand. In addition, we also analyzed traffic accident reduction facilities' performance on specific types of collision mentioned in manual on road safety facilities by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. It was shown that the number of bad weather traffic accidents were reduced by 52.96% with road paved markers, pedestrians accidents were reduced by 62.77% with pedestrian fencing and rear-end collisions were reduced by 26.00% with skid resistant pavement.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.39-49
• /
• 2010

Purpose: This aim of this study is to analyze the dosimetric difference between intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) using 3 or 5 beams and MSF in the radiotherapy of the left breast. Materials and Methods: We performed a comparative analysis of two radiotherapy modalities that can achieve improved dose homogeneity. First is the multistatic fields technique that simultaneously uses both major and minor irradiation fields. The other is IMRT, which employs 3 or 5 beams using a fixed multileaf collimator. We designed treatment plans for 16 early left breast cancer patients who had taken breast conservation surgery and radiotherapy, and analyzed them from a dosimetric standpoint. Results: For the mean values of $V_{95}$ and dose homogeneity index, no statistically significant difference was observed among the three therapies. Extreme hot spots receiving over 110% of the prescribed dose were not found in any of the three methods. A Tukey test performed on IMRT showed a significantly larger increase in exposure dose to the ipsilateral lung and heart than multistatic fields technique (MSF) in the low-dose area, but in the high-dose area, MSF showed a slight increase. Conclusion: In order to improve dose homogeneity, the application of MSF, which can be easily planned and applied more widely, is considered an optimal alternative to IMRT for radiotherapy of early left breast cancer.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.152-158
• /
• 2008

We investigated the changes of protein in chronic MI which was occurred with long-term ischemia, without reperfusion. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into the sham group and the experimental groups (MI groups). The sham group was treated only thoracotomy without ligation for left main descending artery (LMDA) of left coronary artery (LCA), and the experimental groups (MI7d, ligation of LMDA for 7 days and MI30d, ligation of LMDA for 30 days) were conducted an artificial chronic MI. The change of proteins according to passage of times was compared and analyzed on first and second dimension (1 and 2D) sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. Among total 46 spots expressed differentially in the sham group versus MI7d and MI30d groups on 2D gel, we selected proteins that the volume of spot was increased in the MI7d and MI30d groups compared with the sham group. After that, the proteins were identified through liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. In result, we could obtain many proteins as follows; albumin, glucose regulated protein 58 KDa, similar to tripartite motif protein 50, ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein II, sarcomeric mitochondrial creatine kinase, ATP synthetase alpha chain (mitochondrial precursor) and creatine kinase. In conclusion, we suggest many changed proteins shown at chronic ischemia after artificial MI and consider that these proteins play an important role in the function of heart after MI.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.44-47
• /
• 2011

A harmful fungus occurred seriously in bed-log of shiitake(Lentinula edodes) in Jangheung-Gun, Korea. The fungus was identified as Bjerkandera adusta by its morphology and ITS(Internal Transcribed Spacer) analysis. The fungus was reported as causal agent of stem-rot of Populus euramericana in Korea, but not reported in bed-log of shiitake until this notification. Thus, studies were made to investigate inside condition of bed-log of shiitake damaged by B. adusta, physiological characteristics of B. adusta and antagonism between these two fungi. First of all, B. adusta is white-rotting fungus like shiitake and wood-rotting condition is similar to that of shiitake. But, there are a lot of small spots in damaged wood tissue under bark which are not seen in case of shiitake. Optimal temperature for mycelial growth of B. adusta is ca. $30^{\circ}C$ while that of shiitake is ca. $25^{\circ}C$. When confrontation cultures were made between these two fungi under $15^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$, B. adusta has antagonistic ability against shiitake in all the temperatures. From the results of experiments, if the bed-logs of shiitake are exposed to high temperature, there should be mass propagation of B. adusta, and shiitake mycelia will be seriously injured by the fungus. Therefore, to prevent the damage by B. adusta, it is needed to grow the mycelia of shiitake fast in the bed-log, and to avoid exposure of the bed-log to high temperature in summer.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.131-139
• /
• 2011

This study investigated the adverse effects of sound treatment on physiological processes of the American leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii, during several developmental stages. Larval feeding activity was analyzed by measuring feeding tunnel length. It was significantly suppressed by sound treatment (5,000 Hz, 95 dB). Sound treatment delayed the pupal period at 315 - 5,000 Hz and prevented adult emergence at 1,000 - 5,000 Hz. Female oviposition was also inhibited by the stress sound treatments. However, phototactic adult movement was not affected by sound treatment. Pupae treated with 5,000 Hz showed marked changes in protein patterns analyzed by two dimensional electrophoresis. MALDI-TOF analysis of specific protein spots indicated that trafficking protein particle complex I, triosephosphate isomerase, hypothetical protein TcasGA2_TC013388, polycystin-2, paraneoplastic neuronal antigen MA1, and tropomyosin I (isoform M) were predicted in the control insects and disappeared in the insects treated with sound. By contrast, DOCK9, cytoskeletal keratin II, and F0F1-ATP synthase beta subunit were predicted only in the sound-treated insects. Furthermore, stress sound significantly increased the susceptibility of L. trifolii to insecticides. These results suggest that physiological processes of L. trifolii are altered by sound stress, which may be exploited to develop a novel physical control tactic against L. trifolii.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.192-198
• /
• 1997

This experiment was carried out to determine selectivity of herbicide cyhalofop-butyl ester on enzyme activity, biosynthesis of fatty acid and protein between rice and Echinochloa crus-galli. Activity of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase(ACCase) was inhibited greater in E. crus-galli than in rice by the treatment of cyhalofop-butyl ester. The ACCase activity in E. crus-galli was observed with $I_{50}$ at 1-2ppm of cyhalofop-butyl ester, while in rice only at above 10ppm. Cyhalofop-butyl ester also inhibited the biosynthesis of fatty acid by 61% of palmitic acid, 54% of linoleic acid and 41% of linolenic acid in E. crux-galli. In contrast, no significant difference of fatty acid content was observed in rice at 5DAT as compared with the untreated control. Protein patterns of rice between the herbicide treatment and the untreated control were not significantly different, but in E. crus-galli, 3 protein spots were disappeared in between 29KD and 45KD.