• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.16 no.8
• /
• pp.381-391
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to develop a measurement tool for education satisfaction of sport ethics program and to verify its validity. To achieve this goal, 3 steps of experimental processes were carried out. In the first step, the pilot questionnaires was created on the basis of previous researches regarding sport ethics education, education satisfaction, and response assessment. In the second process, as a pilot survey step, construct validity was obtained through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of the measure constructed by the first process. In the third process, as a main survey step, external validity was obtained through difference verification, then questionnaires were constructed based on the analyzed contents. As a result of these steps, a measurement tool for educational satisfaction of sport ethics program composed of 17 questionnaires was developed. It consists of education contents (6), instructor competency (5), and education effect (6).

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.275-283
• /
• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect pf flexibility of hip flexor muscles on a conventional deadlift movement. Method: Eighteen healthy male were participated in this study and were divided into normal group (NG: age: 24.0±1.8 yrs, height: 174.5±2.37 cm, body mass: 74.4±5.5 kg, 1RM: 138.0±23.8 kg) and restricted group (RG: age: 24.6±1.7 yrs, height: 171.5±5.3 cm, body mass: 74.0±5.7 kg, 1RM: 137.5±18.3 kg) by Thomas test, which measure flexibility of hip flexor muscles. A 3-dimensional motion analysis with 8 infrared cameras and 3 channels of EMG was performed in this study. A two-way ANOVA (group x load) with repeated measure was used for statistical verification. The significant level was set at α=.05. Results: RG revealed significantly increased muscle activation in erector spinae on 70% and 90% of 1RM and decreased muscle activation in gluteus maximus on 90% of 1RM compared to NG (p<.05). For the muscle activation ratio for agonist to synergist, erector spinae showed the difference in 90% of 1RM while hamstring was observed differences in all loads (p<.05). Conclusion: Our results indicated that hip flexibility affects conventional deadlift movement. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the flexibility of the hip flexor muscles before performing the movement and, as needed, to train to address the lack of flexibility.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.167-174
• /
• 2015

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of loaded vertical jumps on the following vertical jumps and to find how long the transient effect of warm-ups would continue. Methods : Twelve healthy college male students, majoring in physical education, participated in this study voluntarily. They performed three sets of unloaded jumps (pre-jump, 5% post jump, and 10% post jump) and two sets of loaded jumps (5% and 10% loaded jumps) according to the counter-balanced order. At each set, three trials of maximal vertical jumps were performed by a 30 second interval between trials and a 3 minute break after warm-up jumps. Force platform and motion capturing system were used to record motions and ground reaction force. Results : Only 5% post-warm-up jumps ($48.29{\pm}2.06cm$) showed significant increase in the jump height compared with pre-warm-up jumps ($47.35{\pm}2.21cm$). The transient effects of loaded warm-ups disappeared 4 minutes after loaded jumps. Conclusion : Conclusively, a decent amount of loading (around 5% extra of body weight) during sport specific warm-ups would give a positive, transient effect on the performance of the vertical jump.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.209-216
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of 8 weeks after school classes of track sports on students' start motion through kinematic variables. 30 students in D National university of education participated for this study. These students divided into two groups, 17 students for experimental group and 13 students for control group. The two groups participated in general athletic class as common class, and the experimental group participated in after school class additionally. The general class taught track and jump skill for 3 hours a week, and the after school class taught only athletic running skill for 30 minutes a week. Pre and post test assessed to assess students' kinematic changes. Findings indicated that velocity and step rate were increased, and contact time, step length, displacement of center of mass were decreased in the experimental group. In the control group, early velocity, knee/hip angle velocity were increased, and contact time, step length, displacement of center of mass were decreased. In conclusion, the students who only participated in general class, could not maintain athletic skills obtained from the class. However, students who participated in both general and after school class accomplish athletic start skill. This is because Continuous learning effect helped students keep the skill and did not lose the skill. Thus, in order for students to learn specific sport skills, joining after school class with general class together is recommended.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of midsole hardness of running shoe on muscle fatigue and impact force during distance running. Method: Ten healthy college recreational runners who were performing distance running at least three times a week participated in this experiment. They were asked to run for 15 minutes in the treadmill at 10 km/h with running shoes having three different types of midsole hardness (Soft, Medium, Hard). EMG signal and insole pressure were collected during the first and last one minute for each running trials. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures. Results: Midsole hardness did not affect the consistency of stride length. For the median frequency of the EMG signal, only VL was affected by midsole hardness; that of medium was greater than other midsoles (p<.05). The loading rate of impact forces increased by midsole hardness (p<.01). Conclusion: Although soft midsole could attenuate impact forces at heel contact, it might have a negative effect on the fatigue of muscle which could decelerate the body after heel contact. Therefore, it is necessary to select the optimum hardness of midsole carefully for both reduction impact forces and muscle fatigue.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.14 no.10
• /
• pp.463-472
• /
• 2016

The study was to research relations among 5 characteristic-factors of participants in sport for all, satisfaction of participation and intention to adhere to exercise. First, the implications of 5 characteristic-factors effect on satisfaction of participation are as blow. Extroversion has a positive effect on psychological satisfaction, satisfaction of relaxation, social satisfaction and physical satisfaction. Openness has a positive effect on satisfaction of relaxation and affinity has a positive effect on social satisfaction and physical satisfaction. Emotional instability has a negative effect on environmental satisfaction. Second, hierarchical regression analysis of 5 characteristic-factors effect on satisfaction of participation and intention to adhere to exercise is as follows. Characteristics-factors of participants have an effect on intention to adhere to exercise in order of extroversion and affinity. Satisfaction of participation has an effect on intention to adhere to exercise in the order of social satisfaction, satisfaction of relaxation and physical satisfaction.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.253-267
• /
• 2015

This study investigated the effects of perceived organizational justice on innovation resistance among instructors in sport centers and examined the mediating effects of organizational trust on these relationships. Total 274 sport instructors participated in this study. The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling, and the results of this study were as follows: First, distributive justice had a negative effect on psychological resistance, while distributive justice had no significant effect on behavioral resistance. Second, procedural justice had a negative effect on psychological resistance and behavioral resistance. Third, both distributive justice and procedural justice had a positive effect on organizational trust. Fourth, organizational trust had a negative effect on psychological resistance and behavioral resistance. Fifth, organizational trust had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between distributive justice and psychological resistance and a full mediating effect on the relationship between distributive justice and behavioral resistance. Also, organizational trust had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between procedural justice and innovation resistance.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.197-204
• /
• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of high-heels (HH) modification on metatarsal stress in female workers. Method: Seven females who work in clothing stores ($heights=160.4{\pm}3.9cm$; $weights=47.4{\pm}4.1kg$; $age=31.3{\pm}11.1yrs$; $HH\;wear\;career=8{\pm}6.5yrs$) wore two types of HH (original and modified). The modified HH had been grooved with 1.5 cm radius and 0.2 cm depth around the first metatarsal area inside of the shoes using the modified shoe-last. Participants were asked to walk for 15 minutes on a treadmill and to stand for 10 minutes with original and modified HH, respectively. Kinetics data were collected by the F-scan in-shoe system. After each test, participants were asked to rate their perceived exertion using the Borg's 15-grade RPE scale and interviewed about their feeling of HH. Nonparametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test and effect size (Cohen's d) were used to determine the difference of the variables of interest between the original and modified HH. Results: In the present study, modified HH of the peak contact pressure of 1st metatarsal (PCP) left, PCP right, pressure time integral (PTI) left, peak pressure gradient (PPG) left during standing and PPG right during walking are greater than original HH. And even it didn't show statistically significant, the average in all pressure values of modified HH showed bigger than original HH. It surmised to be related to awkward with modified HH. Even though they said to feel the comfortable cause of big space inside of HH in the interview, they seemed to be not enough time to adapt with new HH. So their walking and standing postures were unstable. Conclusion: Modified the fore-medial part of HH can reduce the stress in the first metatarsal head and big toe area during standing and walking.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.1455-1465
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this research was to investigate the mediating effect of grit on the relationship between leisure sport participation and academic efficacy/peer relationship of senior elementary school students. For this purpose, we analyzed the data of 2,437 fourth-grade elementary school students derived from the 2nd years of the Korean Children and Panel Survey(KCYPS, 2018). Structural Equation Modelling(SEM) were conducted through PASW Statistics 18 and AMOS Graphics 18 programs. The main results were as follows. First, grit fully mediated the association between leisure sport participation and academic efficacy. Second, the relationship between leisure sport participation and peer relationship was partially mediated by grit. The conclusion we could draw from these results was that participating in leisure sport with sweating intensity had a positive effect on the grit of senior elementary school students, which in turn had a positive effect on academic efficacy and peer relationship. Finally, we discussed the implications of leisure sport participation for senior elementary school students.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.10 no.9
• /
• pp.399-409
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sport enjoyment on leisure identity and ski participation. To collect data, the purposive sampling method was used. The collected 256 samples of advanced level skiers were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 program. Through statistical analysis, following results were extracted. First, some factors of sport enjoyment had differences in the mean score based on some demographical characteristics. However, leisure identity had no difference. The degree of ski participation had some differences in the mean score based on some demographical characteristics. Second, some factors of sport enjoyment influenced leisure identity. Third, some factors of sport enjoyment influenced the degree of ski participation. The results of this study are expected to be used for understanding advanced level skiers and satisfying the needs of advanced level skiers.