• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.387-389
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• 1997

L. brevis, L. fermentum과 L. plantarum의 혼합젖산균을 사용하여 소다크랙커의 스폰지 발효과정 중에 밀가루와 당 농도가 미치는 양향을 살펴보았다. 밀가루 전분이 혼합젖산균에 의하여 포도당으로 전환되어 이용되므로 포도당을 밀가루 용액내에 첨가하여 실험을 수행하였다. 포도당 첨가할 경우 생성되는 총적정산도(TTA; total titrable acid)가 포도당을 첨가하지 않은 경우에 비하여 적게 증가하였고, pH 감소의 폭도 적었다. 이는 첨가된 포도당이 세포성장을 촉진시키고, 유기산의 생성을 억제하는 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 소다크랙커의 스폰지 발효과정 중에서 밀가루 농도가 증가할수록 생산되는 총적정산도는 증가되고 pH는 감소되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.150-155
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• 1997

소다 크레커에서 분리된 미생물은 대부분 젖산균인 Lactobacillus의 속이므로 약 20종의 기존에 분리된 Lactobacillus속의 미생물들을 스폰지 발효에 사용하였고, 이중에서 발효후 이취가 없고 총적정산도가 높은 6종의 젖산균을 선별하였다. 선별된 젖산균은 소다 크레커의 스폰지발효에 관여하는 주요 젖산균으로 보고된 L. brevis, L. delbrueckii, L. fermentum, L. leichmanii와 L. plantarum 등 5종과 San Francisco sour bread의 주요 젖산균인 L. sanfrancisco이었다. 선별된 6종의 젖산균을 10%의 밀가루 용액에 접종하여 스폰지 발효 동안의 pH, 총적정산도 및 유기산(lactic acid와 acetic acid)의 변화를 측정한 결과 L. brevis, L. fermentum과 L. plantarum의 pH는 많이 저하하였고 총적정산도는 많이 증가하였으며 L. delbrueckii의 경우는 유기산이 빨리 생성되었고 주 유기산인 acetic acid를 비교적 많이 생성하여 혼합균주의 조합으로 사용하였다. 4가지 균주의 여러 가지 조합중 L. brevis, L. fermentum과 L. plantarum의 혼합젖산균을 사용한 결과 총적정산도의 상승과 pH의 저하와 acetic acid의 생성력이 가장 뛰어나 이 혼합젖산균을 최적 스폰지 발효를 위한 가장 좋은 혼합젖산균으로 선택하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.110-116
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• 2010

Lactic acid (LA) fermentation by Lactobacillus salivarius ATCC 11741 immobilized on loofa sponge (LS) was evaluated. To increase the surface area of LS for cell immobilization, $H_2O_2$ and chitosan were introduced as surface modifying reagents. Four chitosans of different molecular weights were separately coated on LS. All experiments were conducted in shaking flask mode at 100 rpm rotating speed and $37^{\circ}C$ with 5% $CaCO_3$ as a pH regulating agent. The effects of initial glucose concentration were investigated in the range of 20-100 g/l on LA fermentation by free cells. The results indicate that the maximum concentration of LA was produced with 50 g/l glucose concentration. The immobilized cell system produced 1.5 times higher concentration than free cells for 24 h of fermentation. Moreover, immobilized cells can shorten the fermentation time by 2-fold compared with free cells at the same level of LA concentration. At 1% (w/v) chitosan in 2% (v/v) acetic acid, the Yp/s and productivities of various molecular weights of chitosans were insignificantly different. Repeated batch fermentations showed 5 effective recycles with Yp/s and productivity in the range of 0.55-0.85 and 0.90-1.20 g/l.h, respectively. It is evident that immobilization of L. salivarius onto LS permits reuse of the system under these fermentation conditions. Scanning electron micrographs indicated that there were more intact cells on the chitosan-treated LS than on the untreated LS, thus confirming the effectiveness of the LS-chitosan combination when being utilized as a promising immobilization carrier for LA fermentation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1341-1344
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• 2005

Bioassay-guided fractionation of $CHCl_{3}$ extract from the fermentation broth of a sponge Mycale plumose-derived actinomycete Saccharopolyspora sp. nov., led to the isolation of two known prodigiosin analogs - metacycloprodigiosin (1) and undecylprodigiosin (2). These compounds exhibited significant cytotoxic activities against five cancer cell lines: P388, HL60, A-549, BEL­7402, and SPCA4. This is the first report on the significant cytotoxicity of metacycloprodigiosin (1) against human cancer cell lines.

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 2003년도 제23차 추계총회 및 국제학술심포지움
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• pp.224.1-224
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• 2003

The production of black rice in Korea has been increasing, as more Koreans are tending to blend black rice with medium-grain rice for serving. This increased production creates an opportunity for developing new products. In this study, the properties of sponge cakes produced from a blend of black rice flour (BRF) and wheat flour (WF) are investigated. Black rice sponge cakes (BRSC) were produced with constant process variables (e.g. baking temperature, fermentation time and BRP content (10, 20 & 30%)). Proximate compositions, farinogram, amylogram and extensogram analyses of BRSC were determined by AACC method. BRSC color was expressed to Hunter L, a and b values using a colorimeter. Sensory properties were evaluated by a trained 5-member panel. Moisture contents in BRSC decreased with increasing contents of BRF, while ash and protein contents were increased. Farinograph and amylograph data did not differ significantly between treatments, while extensograph data decreased with increasing BRF contents. With increasing BRF contents, Hunter L value decreased, while Hunter a value increased. When using 20% of BRP, sensory scores of BRSC were the highest in color, flavor and taste. In conclusion, 20% of BRF would be the optimum amount for producing sponge cake with BRP and WF.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2015

In a continuation of our studies to discover bioactive secondary metabolites from marine sources, we further investigated samples from a tryptamine and phenyl-alkane producing sponge, which resulted in the isolation of four uncommon small molecules and five nucleosides. Their structures were determined to be 7,8-dihydroimidazo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5(6H)-one (1), 5-chlorocavernicolin (2), maleimide-5-oxime (3), 3-methylmaleimide-5-oxime (4), uridine (5), 2'-deoxyuridine (6), thymidine (7), adenine (8), and adenosine (9) by spectroscopic analyses. The isolated compounds were evaluated for inhibitory activity against soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) as well as the Wnt/${\beta}$-catenine signaling pathway.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.509-515
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• 1996

Sour liquid 발효가 식빵의 제조조건과 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. Lactobacillus brevis와 Lactobacillus brevis와 Lactobacillus plantarum을 혼합 배양하면 sour dough bread 사용 유산균 중 산생성력이 가장 높았고 pH도 낮았다. Sour liquid 발효 제조시 제빵의 제조조건에 가장 적합한 배양조건, 배양온도, 시간 및 배지의 조서에 대해 실험하였다. L. brevis와 L. plantarum의 배양은 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 하였다. 배지조성 중 글루코오스를 2% 첨가하고 영양원으로서 yeast extract 0.4%를 첨가한 것의 결과가 가장 좋았다. Sour liquid ferments를 제빵제조시 중종 (sponge dough)에 넣었을 때 반죽의 pH를 4.64까지 낮추어 주어 발효력을 증가시켰고, total titratable acidity(TTA)도 보통 식빵의 0.46%보다 높은 0.54%를 나타내었다. 품질평가에 있어서, sour dough liquid를 이용한 식빵의 경우가 보통식빵보다 비용적 (specific volume)이 좋았다. 맛과 외형 특히 관능적인 품질(향취)이 증가되었다. 이는 유산균이 생성한 초산, 젖산 및 아미노산 등이 영향을 미치기 때문으로 보인다. 제품을 $25^{\circ}C$에서 6일 동안 저장하면서 노화도를 측정한 결과 보통식빵보다 노화지연에 훨씬 효과적으로 나타났고 Sour liquid ferments는 유산균 등이 생성한 유기산들이 곰팡이의 생육을 억제하여 제품의 저장기간이 연장되었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권6호통권90호
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• pp.782-793
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• 2005

This study investigated the effect of $2\%$ addition of pectin and alginate on the Physicochemical and retrogradation Properties of Jeungpyun, a Korean traditional fermented rice cake. The volume of batters with alginate and Pectin was significantly larger than that of control. Jeungpyun samples with Pectin and alginate had a larger volume with uniform and smaller cell size. All samples showed largest foaming capability after second fermentation. Foaming capability of the control ($0\%$ addition of pectin and alginate) was significantly larger than that of the treated samples. The amount of reducing sugar tended to increase during fermentation but decreased after steaming, which was due to the increase in hydrolysis of starch. On the contrary, the content of free sugar was slightly decreased during fermentation but slightly increased after steaming. The control contained the largest amount of free sugar after steaming. The microstructure of starch particles after fermentation showed completely dispersed starch granules with air bubbles. After steaming, the structure was sponge-like in all samples. Samples with added alginate and pectin had significantly higher water binding capacity than those of the control. All samples showed noticeably increased solubility and swelling power at $70^{circ}C$ with the control being significantly lower than the treated samples. Retrogradation was measured with $\alpha$-amylase and the retrogradation process of the sample with added alginate and pectin proceeded slower than that of the control. The relative crystallinity was observed through X-ray diffraction method and samples with added alginate and pectin had smaller crystallinity and delayed retrogradation compared to the control. Thus, Jeungpyun with the addition of alginate and Pectin demonstrated improved functionality and dietary fiber addition effect. The storage period of was extended as the retrogradation rate was delayed by the addition of dietary fibers.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.91-105
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• 2001

Chou-cream bread and Red bean paste bread were made by sponge & dough method with the sweet dough formula. The bread quality was studied by the measurements of the temperature variation, the fermentation level of frozen dough in the special condition(dough conditioner of 5$^{\circ}C$, 10$^{\circ}C$, 15$^{\circ}C$, 20$^{\circ}C$ and 30$^{\circ}C$), the product volume and thesensory evaluation with frozen dough thawed, fermented and baked. When thawing temperature was low, the core temperature of frozen dough increased slowly and the time for thawing and fermentationwas long. In thawing and fermentation, the core temperature of Red bean paste dough increased faster than that of Chou-cream dough. When the thawing conditions of dough conditioner(retarder) were 20$^{\circ}C$ and 30$^{\circ}C$, the level of total time decrease for thawing and fermentation was 55 and 86 min in Chou-cream dough and 62 and 90 min in Red bean paste dough respectively in comparison to dough conditioner of 5$^{\circ}C$. In volume of baked products, they showed no significant difference for three weeks of storage, but slight difference for four weeks of storage. The result was that Chou-cream bread was larger than Red bean paste bread in the decrease of volume. In sensory evaluation, the bread quality became low according to the time. When stored for four weeks in the freezer, significant differences were found in Chou-cream vread, but slight difference appeared in Red bean paste bread. The research identified that Red bean paste dough was more effective in manufacturing time than that of Chou-cream dough, when thawing temperature was high, and if frozen dough was thawed in the retarder of lower than 20$^{\circ}C$, the bread quality in terms of volume and sensory evaluation had no significant difference in comparison to the none-freezing Red bean paste bread.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.396-402
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• 2004

증편의 sponge상의 망상구조에 쌀 단백질의 영향을 조사하기 위하여 증편제조시 주원료인 쌀 단백질을 분리하고 증편 발효시 그 변화를 살펴보았으며 protease 첨가가 증편의 점도 및 부피에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 또한 쌀 전분에 단백질을 첨가하여 증편의 점도 및 부피에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과 쌀 단백질이 증편의 부피 팽창에 영향을 주는 것으로 생각되었다. 쌀 및 증편 반죽에서는 SDS 가용성 단백질 함량이 밀가루와 비교해 높게 나타났으며 발효시간에 따른 단백질 추출량은 큰 변화가 없었다. 그러나 증편반죽의 시간별 FPLC패턴은 발효시간에 따라 저분자 peak가 감소하여 고분자화함을 알 수 있었다. 단백질 분해효소 protease를 첨가하여 본 결과 증편의 점도 및 부피는 현저히 감소하였고 쌀 전분에 단백질을 첨가하여 증편을 재구성한 결과, 점도, 부피는 증가하는 것으로 나타나 증편내에서 쌀 단백질이 증편의 부피 내지는 조직감 형성에 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각되어진다.