• 제목/요약/키워드: sponge city

검색결과 13건 처리시간 0.017초

Experimental study on the dynamic behavior of pervious concrete for permeable pavement

  • Bu, Jingwu;Chen, Xudong;Liu, Saisai;Li, Shengtao;Shen, Nan
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.291-303
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    • 2018
  • As the concept of "sponge city" is proposed, the pervious concrete for permeable pavement has been widely used in pavement construction. This paper aims at investigating the dynamic behavior and energy evolution of pervious concrete under impact loading. The dynamic compression and split tests are performed on pervious concrete by using split Hopkinson pressure bar equipment. The failure criterion on the basis of incubation time concept is used to analyze the dynamic failure. It is demonstrated that the pervious concrete is of a strain rate sensitive material. Under high strain rate loading, the dynamic strength increases while the time to failure approximately decreases linearly as the strain rate increases. The predicted dynamic compressive and split tensile strengths based on the failure criterion are in accordance with the experimental results. The total damage energy is found to increase with the increasing of strain rate, which means that more energy is needed to produce irreversible damage as loading rate increases. The fractal dimensions are observed increases with the increasing of impact loading rate.

청소년이 지각한 사회적 지지자 희망에 미치는 영향 (Hope in Relation to Social Support in Adolescents)

  • 장효진;임장하
    • 한국가정과교육학회지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.67-78
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구의 목적은 청소년이 지각한 사회적 지지가 희망에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이었다. 광주광역시의 4개 학교에 재학중인 중고등학생 400명을 대상으로 개인 배경변인과 사회적 지지 및 희망에 대해 구조화된 질문지를 이용해 자료를 수집하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년들은 사회적 지지제공자 중 부모의 지지를 가장 높게 지각하고 있었고 친구의 지지, 교사의 지지 순으로 지각하고 있었다. 청소년들은 희망 영역 중 자신의 삶과 가치에 대한 믿음을 가장 높게 지각하고 있었고 목표도달 가능성 평가를 가장 낮게 지각하고 있었다. 둘째, 청소년들이 부모, 교사 친구로부터의 지지를 높게 지각할수록 희망수준이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 성별과 종교유무 및 사회적 지지는 청소년의 희망에 영향을 미쳤다. 즉 남자청소년들이 여자청소년들보다, 종교가 있는 청소년들이 종교가 없는 청소년들보다 희망수준이 높았고, 사회적 지지 중 부모의 정보적 지지와 친구의 평가적 지지는 청소년의 희망에 영향을 미치는 주요 변인으로 나타났다.

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임신 말기 임신부의 영아 돌보기 지식에 관한 연구 (A Study on Third-trimester Gravidas' Konwledge of Infant Care Activity)

  • 이수연
    • 대한간호
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.64-78
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    • 1990
  • The purpose of this study was to measure the degree of gravidas' knowledge of infant care activity, and to identify the factors influencing the difference of gravidas' knowledge. The subjects of this study consisted of 159 gravida visited 2 general hospitals, 2 OB/GY clinics and 2 midwives' clinics in J city for anenatal care. The data were collected from December 1 to 30, J.989. The instrument used for this study was true false type question which was developed by investigator through literature review. Data were analyzed by percentage, mean, t-test and ANOVA on significant difference with SPSS program. The results of this study were, summarized as follow: 1) The degree of gravidas' knowledge of infant care activity was 36.75, the degree of gravidas' know ledge of physical care activicy was 16.70, and the degree of gravidas' knowledge of psychosocial care activity was 20.00. 2) Among the physical care activity knowledge items, the diaper should be changed whenever it is soiled, $\lceil$shortly after feeding is over, bathing is bad$\rfloor$, $\lceil$gently patted or stroked on the back when bubbling$\rfloor$, $\lceil$10 minutes time in bathing is appropriate$\rfloor$, $\lceil$infant is crying whenever he is hungry per 3-4 hours$\rfloor$, and "room humidity controled 60 percent, more or less> were over a' percentage of 80 of right answer. Among the physical care, accivity knowledge items. $\lceil$a reason for burping was the air' he has swallowed will rise to the top of his stomach and be eructated$\rfloor$, $\lceil$burping is advisable after the feeding$\rfloor$, $\lceil$dressing of umbilical area is not necessary$\rfloor$, $\lceil$the thermometer should not be boiled for disinfection$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is important chat the infant grasp the whole nipple within his mouth$\rfloor$, $\lceil$using alcohol sponge is bad whenever diaper is soiled", and $\lceil$when temperature is taken by the rectal method, infant legs shoud be grasped firmly_! were less than a percentage of 60 of right answer. 3) Among the psychosocial care activity knowledge items, $\lceil$it is nice, mother smile at bady frequently$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is nice, mother praise a bady frequently$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is nice, mother express bady's behavior$\rfloor$, $\lceil$talk frequently to the bady, the bady :should not be disturbed while feeding$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is nice, mother see a baby face to face , $\lceil$it is nice, mother concentrate one's attention on her baby while playing$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is nice, mother pat one's baby while he is feeding$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is advisable, the baby is allowed to touch mother's breast while he is feeding$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is advisable to stop feeding, if the baby protrudes one's tongue or cries while feeding$\rfloor$, $\lceil$baby is able to hear, see and smell$\rfloor$, $\lceil$it is nice, mother Concentrate one's attention on her baby while feeding$\rfloor$, and $\lceil$it is not advisable for mother to scold baby while he is crying out> were over a percentage of 80 of right answer. Among the psychosocial care activity knowledge items, $\lceil$Using' baby talks is bad when mother talks to baby> and $\lceil$it is nice, mother soothes the baby as soon as possible when he is crying I were less than a percentage of 60 of right answer. 4) There was statistically significant relationship between the degree of gravidas' knowledge of infant care activity and the demographic variables of gravida such as the age(p<0.01) and education level(p<0.01). From these results, it may be concluded that gravidas' knowledge of infant care activity is moderate level, and gravidas' knowledge of psychosocial care activity is greater than that of physical care activity. Also prenatal nursing educations should focus on subjects who have lower percentage of right answer in infant care activity knowledge items.dge items.

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