• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 1995

To evaluate the nutritive values of outdoor mass cultivated Spirulina platensis both chemical analysis and bioassay were carried out using adult cockerels. Blue-green algae, Spirulina platensis contained about 71g /l00g DM of crude protein with balanced amino acid profiles although methionine is liable to he limiting to animals. Compared to fish meal, calcium content and calcium : phosphorus ratio of the Spirulina were not suitable in terms of animal requirements. Reasonable amount of y-linolenic acid(C18: 3 $\omega$6) in Spirulina platensis draws a clinical attention due to its historically recognized pharmacotheraputic functions. Metabolizable energy contents of Spirulina were 3.67 and 3.11 mcal /kg DM for TMEn and AMFn, respectively, which therefore, can he a reliable energy source for poultry. True amino acid availabilities of essential amino acids of Spirulina platensis were higher than 90% for poultry, which is better than comparative ingredient like fish meal. Overall data from both chemical analysis and bioassay demonstrated that the Spirulina platensis could he a favorable protein feedstuffs for poultry.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.161-166
• /
• 1995

To evaluate the nutritional values of Spirulina platensis as the protein supplement for laying heo diet, two experimental diets (Control, Spirulina platensis 2%) were prepared. Total 120, 40-wk old ISA Brown layer hens were randomly employed with 15 hens per replicate and 4 replicates per treatment. Hen-day egg production, egg weight, feed intake, intake /egg weight, egg shell thickness, yolk color score and yolk cholesterol content were examined during 6 weeks of experimental period. Hen-day egg production and feed conversion ratio (intake /egg weight) were significantly (P<0.01) improved by the 2% Spirulina plalensis supplementation. However, there were no differences in egg weight and feed intake between hens fed two experimental diets. Egg from hens fed Spirulina platensis 2% diet have more yellowish yolk color than the control egg although there was no difference in egg shell thickness. Yolk cholesterol content was significantly (P

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.446-452
• /
• 2008

This study was conducted to research the biosorption characteristics using algae, Spirulina platensis, for the removal of Pb and Cu ions in wastewater. Both of free algal cell and immobilized algae by Ca-alginate were used as bioadsorbent, and experiment was proceed in batch reactor for Pb and Cu ions removal, respectively. In the biosorption of Pb and Cu ions by free Spirulina platensis cell, the adsorption equilibrium reached within 20 minute. The higher adsorbed amount of Pb and Cu was shown as increasing of initial concentration of Pb and Cu, and pH of solution, respectively, and the optimum pH was 4.5$\sim$5.0. Under the conditions of initial concentration of Pb or Cu are 200 mg/L, the maximum amounts of Pb and Cu adsorbed to the unit weight of Spirulina platensis were 86.43 and 57.02 mg/g, respectively, and these values were 1.94 and 1.48 times higher than those of activated carbon under same conditions, respectively. The biosorption kinetics of Pb and Cu ions by free Spirulina platensis cell fitted very well to the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm. The maximum amount of Pb or Cu adsorbed to the unit mass of adsorbent by the Langmuir isotherm($q_{max}$) represented as 95.24 and 62.50 mg/g, respectively. The FT-IR results of free Spirulina platensis biomass showed that biomass has different functional groups and these functional groups are able to react with metal ions in aqueous solution. In the biosorption of Pb and Cu ions by Ca-alginate immobilized algae Spirulina platensis, the adsorption equilibrium reached within 40 min. and observed a little diffusion limitation differed from the free algal cell adsorption.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.31-34
• /
• 2004

This paper reviews the effects of Spirulina platensis and its extracts and phycocyanin, a blue photosynthetic pigment protein in Spirulina on the mucosal immune functions in humans and animals as follows: TEX>$\bullet$ IgA antibody response and other classes in mucosal immunity of mice treated with Spirulina platensis and its extract. $\bullet$ Effect of Spirulina phycocyanin ingestion on the mucosal antibody responses in mice. - Distinct effects of phycocyanin on secretory IgA and allergic IgE antibody responses in mice following oral immunization with antigen-entrapped biodegradable microparticles. $\bullet$ Influence of dietary Spirulina platensis on IgA level in human saliva. $\bullet$ A study on enhancement of bone-marrow cell-proliferation and differentiation by Spirulina platensis in mice: in vivo and in vitro study

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.277-281
• /
• 2003

The study of growth characteristics for Spirulina platensis were carried out in 400 mL cylindrical photobioreactor and the effects of carbon dioxide concentration and flow rate during the growth of Spirulina platensis were investigated. The results showed that relatively low carbon dioxide concentration and high flow rate forced the growth of Spirulina platensis in experiment conditions. The pH analysis showed that different carbon dioxide concentration might form particular aqueous carbonate system in culture medium and affect the growth of Spirulina platensis. In addition, the possibility of limiting light radiation by cell density was investigated by the analysis of specific growth rate. The result intimated that the cause of decrease of specific growth rate at exponential phase was due to the limitation of light radiation by Spirulina platensis cell density in cylindrical photobioreactor.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.318-325
• /
• 2006

Ultrasonified extracts from seawater-based cultures of the microalga Spiyulina platensis were obtained using water and ethanol at 60 and 100$^{\circ}C$. The yield of the aqueous fraction of S. platensis extracted using ultrasonification was about 33.46%. The cytotoxicity against HEK293 and inhibition ratios of the cancer cell lines A549, AGS, MCF7, and Hep3B were measured using the sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. The cytotoxicity of all extracts at 1.0 mg/mL was below 26%. The cytotoxicity of the ultrasonified extracts from the seawater-based culture of the microalga Spirulina platensis was about 4% less than that of Spirulina platensis without ultrasonification. The inhibition ratio of cancer cell growth was approximately 80% for 1.0 mg/mL extracts. The inhibitory effect on cancer cell growth was greater for seawater containing ultrasonified Spirulina platensis extracts than for extracts without ultrasonification. The differentiation ratio of HL-60 cells was 160.9%. Densitometric analysis of Bcl-2 revealed that the ultrasonified extracts had greater anticancer activity than the extracts without ultrasonification.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.455-461
• /
• 2000

Abstract Spirulina platensis was grown in SWlUe waste to reduce inorganic compowlds and simultaneously produce feed resources. Spirulina platensis prefers nitrogenous compounds in Ibe order: $NH_4^{+}-N>NO_3^{-}-N>simple-N$ such as urea and simple amino acids. It even consumes $NH_4^{+}-N$ first when urea or nitrate are present. Therefore, the content of residual $NH_4^{+}-N$ in Spimlina platensis cultures can be determined by the relative extent of the following processes: (i) algal uptake and assimilation; (ii) ammonia stripping; and (iii) decomposition of urea to NH;-N by urease-positive bacteria. The removal rates of total nitrogen ffild total phosphorus were estimated as an indicator of the treatment effIciency. It was found that Spirulina platensis was able to reduce 70-93% of $P_4^{3-}-P$, 67-93% of inorganic nitrogen, 80-90% of COD, and 37-56% of organic nitrogen in various concentrations of swine waste over 12 days of batch cultivation. The removal of inorganic compounds from swine waste was mainly used for cell growth, however, the organic nitrogen removal was not related to cell growlb. A maximum cell density of 1.52 dry-g/l was maintained with a dilution rate of 0.2l/day in continuous cultivation by adding 30% swine waste. The nitrogen and phosphorus removal rates were correlated to the dilution rates. Based on the amino acid profile, the quality of the proteins in the Spirulina platensis grown in the waste was the same as that in a clean culture.ulture.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2003.04a
• /
• pp.143-144
• /
• 2003

The growth characteristics of Spirulina Platensis was carried out in photo bubble bioreactor at different nitrogen soucres and concentration. The result showed that S. Platensis grew well at sodium nitrate source rather than urea source in relatively high concentration region.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.22 no.7
• /
• pp.967-974
• /
• 2012

Cultivation of Spirulina platensis using ammonium salts or wastewater containing ammonium as alternative nitrogen sources is considered as a commercial way to reduce the production cost. In this research, by analyzing the relationship between biomass production and ammonium-N consumption in the fed-batch culture of Spirulina platensis using ammonium bicarbonate as a nitrogen nutrient source, an online adaptive control strategy based on optical density (OD) measurements for controlling ammonium feeding was presented. The ammonium concentration was successfully controlled between the cell growth inhibitory and limiting concentrations using this OD-based feedback feeding method. As a result, the maximum biomass concentration (2.98 g/l), productivity (0.237 g/l d), nitrogen-to-cell conversion factor (7.32 gX/gN), and contents of protein (64.1%) and chlorophyll (13.4mg/g) obtained by using the OD-based feedback feeding method were higher than those using the constant and variable feeding methods. The OD-based feedback feeding method could be recognized as an applicable way to control ammonium feeding and a benefit for Spirulina platensis cultivations.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 2006

Outdoor cultivation of cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis was carried out for 40 days in a batch mode. A half concentration of the SOT based on the underground water was used as culture medium. Working volume was 5.7 tons with 0.2 m depth. During cultivation, mean water temperature, DO and light intensity were all in proper conditions for the S. platensis growth. The adjustment of pH to over 10 with Na2CO3 and addition of the 1.5% natural salt were very effective to delete contaminant organisms, Chlamydomonas moewusii and Chlorella minutissima occurred one after the other in the culture. The mean productivity of the biomass based on the dry cell weight from 14 to 25 days, after the contaminants were deleted, was 7.8 g ·m–2· d–1, which was relatively high productivity in that a half concentration of the SOT was used for the culture. Underground water used in the culture minimized contaminants invasion and addition of the 1.5% natural salt was effective to delete contaminants as well as acted as mineral supplement in outdoor cultivation of S. platensis. Harvesting using the floating activity of S. platensis was effective from mass floating in day time after overnight without agitation and illumination.