• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.129-136
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• 2016

This study was performed to investigate whether an intra-articular injection of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor agonist, resiniferatoxin (RTX) would alleviate behavioral signs of arthritic pain in a rat model of osteoarthritis (OA). We also sought to determine the effect of RTX treatment on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in the spinal cord. Knee joint inflammation was induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA, $8mg/50{\mu}l$) and weight bearing percentage on right and left hindpaws during walking, paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation, and paw withdrawal latency to heat were measured to evaluate pain behavior. Intra-articular administration of RTX (0.03, 0.003 and 0.0003%) at 2 weeks after the induction of knee joint inflammation significantly improved reduction of weight bearing on the ipsilateral hindlimb and increased paw withdrawal sensitivity to mechanical and heat stimuli. The reduction of pain behavior persisted for 3~10 days according to each behavioral test. The MIA-induced increase in CGRP immunoreactivity in the spinal cord was decreased by RTX treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The present study demonstrated that a single intra-articular administration of RTX reduced pain behaviors for a relatively long time in an experimental model of OA and could normalize OA-associated changes in peptide expression in the spinal cord.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.238-248
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise on pain, exercise self-efficacy, activities of daily living for postoperative lumbar spinal surgery. Method: The study used a nonequivalent control group pre- and post-test design in quasi-experimental research. The data were collected from April, 2010 to July, 2011. The subjects were 40 lumbar spine surgery patients who had been hospitalized in neurosurgery of G university hospital, 20 assigned for the experimental and 20 for the control group. Exercise of this study reformed to be adapted to lumbar spine surgery patients on the basis of William's flexion exercise and exercise for HIVD surgery patients developed by Kim(1995) and was practiced three times a day for 3 weeks. The data were analysed with ${\chi}^2$-test, t- test, Repeated measures ANOVA using the SPSS program. Result: There was a significant decrease in pain in the experimental group, but there was no significant increase in exercise self-efficacy and activities of daily living between the groups. Conclusion: Muscle strengthening exercise after surgery was effective in improvement of pain. Postoperative muscle strengthening exercise in lumbar spinal patients may be a useful intervention to reduce pain.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.291-302
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• 2022

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most debilitating disorders throughout the world, causing persistent sensory-motor dysfunction, with no effective treatment. Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses play key roles in the secondary phase of SCI. Naringenin (NAR) is a natural flavonoid with known anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. This study aims at evaluating the effects of intrathecal NAR administration on sensory-motor disability after SCI. Methods: Animals underwent a severe compression injury using an aneurysm clip. About 30 minutes after surgery, NAR was injected intrathecally at the doses of 5, 10, and 15 mM in 20 µL volumes. For the assessment of neuropathic pain and locomotor function, acetone drop, hot plate, inclined plane, and Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan tests were carried out weekly till day 28 post-SCI. Effects of NAR on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activity was appraised by gelatin zymography. Also, histopathological analyses and serum levels of glutathione (GSH), catalase and nitrite were measured in different groups. Results: NAR reduced neuropathic pain, improved locomotor function, and also attenuated SCI-induced weight loss weekly till day 28 post-SCI. Zymography analysis showed that NAR suppressed MMP-9 activity, whereas it increased that of MMP-2, indicating its anti-neuroinflammatory effects. Also, intrathecal NAR modified oxidative stress related markers GSH, catalase, and nitrite levels. Besides, the neuroprotective effect of NAR was corroborated through increased survival of sensory and motor neurons after SCI. Conclusions: These results suggest intrathecal NAR as a promising candidate for medical therapeutics for SCI-induced sensory and motor dysfunction.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.61-74
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• 2008

Background: Purpose of this study is mat exercises and sling exercises that based on proceeding studies for exercising protocol for spinal stabilization. Methods: We analyze many other bibliographies and result of studies. Results: The vertebrae stabilization practices are formed on intra-abdominal pressure and converted into isolation of our body and limbs gradually through co-contraction training of transverse abdominis, pelvic floor muscle and diaphragm. Also, for prevention of low back pain and relapse, it is diverted to reflex muscle contraction training as well as functional integration. What is better, it should carry out with Activity of Daily Living. Conclusion: We should feel the necessity of it, more effective recognition training of local muscle for chronic low back pain patients. Besides, it is suggested that we should import measurable equipment and go hands with discipline.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.245-248
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• 2001

Lysis of epidural adhesion has been done in patients with refractory lumbar radiculopathies. Cauda equina syndrome is a rare complication of epidural block. We report on a case of cauda equina syndrome following epidural adhesiolysis in a patient with spinal stenosis. The patient complained of numbness of the perineum, weakness of the left leg, an inability to void and fecal incontinence. She was treated with medication, bladder training and physical therapy, and finally recovered 1 month after the procedure without any sequelae. We suggest that the causative factors are osmotic damage produced by the subarachnoid injection of large doses of hypertonic saline and temporary neural compression due to spinal stenosis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.385-388
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• 2008

We herein describe the case of a focal spontaneous spinal epidural abscess who was initially diagnosed to have a free fragment of a lumbar disc. A 71-year-old woman presented with history of low back and right leg pain. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested a peripherally enhancing free fragment extending down from S1 nerve root axilla. Preoperative laboratory investigation showed elevation of c-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels. She was taken for surgery and a fluctuating mass at the axilla of S1 nerve was found. When the mass was probed with a dissector, a dark yellow, thick pus drained out. Pus cultures were negative. Patients who present with extreme low back plus leg pain and increased leucocyte count, ESR and CRP levels should raise the suspicion of an infection of a vertebral body or spinal epidural space.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.272-275
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• 2010

Capillary hemangiomas are common soft tissue tumors on the skin or mucosa of the head and neck in the early childhood, but very rare in the neuraxis. A 47-year-old man presented with one month history of back pain on the lower thoracic area, radiating pain to both legs, and hypesthesia below 17 dermatome. Thoracic spine MRI showed $1{\times}1.3{\times}1.5\;cm$, well-defined intradural mass at T6-7 disc space level, which showed isointensity to spinal cord on T1, heterogeneous isointensity on T2-weighted images, and homogeneous strong enhancement. The patient underwent T6-7 total laminotomy, complete tumor removal and laminoplasty. Histologically, the mass showed a capsulated nodular lesion composed of capillary-sized vascular channels, which were tightly packed into nodules separated by fibrous septa. These features were consistent with capillary hemangioma.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.58-60
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• 2013

Intramuscular stimulation (IMS) is widely used to treat myofascial pain syndrome. IMS is a safe procedure but several complications have been described. To our knowledge, spinal subarachnoid hematoma has never been reported as a complication of an IMS. The authors have experienced a case of spinal subarachnoid hematoma occurring after an IMS, which was tentatively diagnosed as intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage because of severe headache. Patient was successfully treated with surgery. Here, we report our case with a review of literature.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.242-245
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• 2008

A 64-year-old man with TBI was admitted to our institute. In following days, he showed unusual behavior of agitation, restlessness, emotional instability and inattention. Post-traumatic delirium was tentatively diagnosed, and donepezil was given for his cognitive dysfunction. Although there was partial relief of agitation, he sustained back pain despite medication. Lumbar magnetic resonance image revealed SDH along the whole lumbar spine, and surgical drainage was followed. Postoperatively, his agitation disappeared and further medication was discontinued. We report a unique case of post-traumatic delirium in a patient with concomitant TBI and spinal subdural hemorrhage (SDH) that resolved with operative drainage of spinal hemorrhage.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.323-327
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• 2006

Despite the wealth of data concerning the roles of ${\alpha}-CGRP$ in nociceptive behaviors, ${\alpha}-CGRP-null$ mice showed no obvious phenotypic differences in nociceptive behaviors from wild type. The present studies specifically demonstrate that ${\alpha}-CGRP$ null mice showed no CGRP immunoreactivity from the spinal cord, implying that CGRPs in the mice spinal cord are mainly a-isoforms. However, the nociceptive behaviors of the null mice are not significantly different from the wild type mice in thermal nociceptive behaviors on hotplate, chemical nociception tests to intraplantar capsaicin or formalin injection, and visceral pain behaviors to intraperitoneal acetic acid or magnesium sulfate injections. These data suggest that ${\alpha}-CGRP$ is dispensable for nociceptive behaviors or that compensatory mechanisms may exist to overcome the absence of this peptide.