• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.139.2-139.2
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• 2016

Electrons and phonons in chalcogenide-based materials play are important factors in the performance of an optical data storage media and thermoelectric devices. However, the fundamental kinetics of carriers in chalcogenide materials remains controversial, and active debate continues over the mechanism responsible for carrier relaxation. In this study, we investigated ultrafast carrier dynamics in an multilayered $\{Sb(3{\AA})/Te(9{\AA})\}n$ thin film during the transition from the amorphous to the crystalline phase using optical pump terahertz probe spectroscopy (OPTP), which permits the relationship between structural phase transition and optical property transitions to be examined. Using THz-TDS, we demonstrated that optical conductance and carrier concentration change as a function of annealing temperature with a contact-free optical technique. Moreover, we observed that the topological surface state (TSS) affects the degree of enhancement of carrier lifetime, which is closely related to the degree of spin-orbit coupling (SOC). The combination of an optical technique and a proposed carrier relaxation mechanism provides a powerful tool for monitoring TSS and SOC. Consequently, the response of the amorphous phase is dominated by an electron-phonon coupling effect, while that of the crystalline structure is controlled by a Dirac surface state and SOC effects. These results are important for understanding the fundamental physics of phase change materials and for optimizing and designing materials with better performance in optoelectronic devices.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.533-538
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• 2001

The ZnSe sample grown by chemical bath deposition (CBD) method were annealed in Ar gas at 450$^{\circ}C$ Using extrapolation method of X-ray diffraction pattern, it was found to have zinc blend structure whose lattice parameter a$\_$o/ was 5.6687 ${\AA}$. From Hall effect, the mobility was likely to be decreased by impurity scattering at temperature range from 10 K to 150 K and by lattice scattering at temperature range from 150 K to 29 3K. The band gap given by the transmission edge changed from 2.7005 eV at 293 K to 2.8739 eV at 10 K. Comparing photocurrent peak position with transmission edge, we could find that photocurrent peaks due to excition electrons from valence band, $\Gamma$$\_$8/ and $\Gamma$$\_$7/ to conduction band $\Gamma$$\_$6/ were observed at photocurrent spectrum. From the photocurrent spectra by illumination of polarized light on the ZnSe thin film, we have found that values of spin orbit coupling splitting Δso is 0.0981 eV. From the PL spectra at 10 K, the peaks corresponding to free bound excitons and D-A pair and a broad emission band due to SA is identified. The binding energy of the free excitons are determined to be 0.0612 eV and the dissipation energy of the donor -bound exciton and acceptor-bound exciton to be 0.0172 eV, 0.0310 eV, respectively.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.273-280
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• 2002

The stochiometric mix of evaporating materials for the CuGaTe$_2$ single crystal thin films was prepared from horizontal furnance. For extrapolation method of X-ray diffraction patterns for the CuGaTe$_2$ polycrystal, it was found tetragonal structure whose lattice constant a$\_$0/ and c$\_$0/ were 6.025 ${\AA}$ and 11.931 ${\AA}$, respectively. To obtain the single crystal thin films, CuGaTe$_2$ mixed crystal was deposited on throughly etched semi-insulator GaAs(100) substrate by the Hot Wall Epitaxy (HWE) system. The source and substrate temperature were 670 $^{\circ}C$ and 410 $^{\circ}C$ respective1y, and the thickness of the single crystal thin films is 2.1 $\mu\textrm{m}$. The crystalline structure of single crystalthin films was investigated by the photoluminescence and double crystal X-ray diffraction (DCXD). Hall effect on this sample was measured by the method of van der Pauw and studied on carrier density and mobility dependence on temperature. The carrier density and mobility of CuGaTe$_2$ single crystal thin films deduced from Hall data are 8.72${\times}$10$\^$23/㎥, 3.42${\times}$10$\^$-2/㎡/V$.$s at 293K, respectively. From the photocurrent spectrum by illumination of perpendicular light on the c - axis of the CuGaTe$_2$ single crystal thin film, we have found that the values of spin orbit coupling Δs.o and the crystal field splitting Δcr were 0.0791 eV and 0/2463eV at 10K, respectively. From the PL spectra at 10K, the peaks corresponding to free bound excitons and D-A pair and a broad emission band due to SA is identified. The binding energy of the free excitons are determined to be 0.0470eV and the dissipation energy of the donor -bound exciton and acceptor-bound exciton to be 0.0490eV, 0.00558eV, respectively.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.212-223
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• 2000

A stochiometric mix of CuInTe₂ polycrystal was prepared in a honizonatal furnace. To obtain the single crystal thin films, CuInTe₂ mixed crystal was deposited on throughly etched GaAs(100) by the HWE system. The source and substrate temperatures were 610℃ and 450℃ respectively, and the thickness of the deposited single crystal thin film was 2.4㎛. CuInTe₂ single crystal thin film was proved to be the optimal growth condition when the excition emission spectrum was the strongest at 1085.3 nm(1.1424 eV) of photoluminescence spectrum at 10 K, and also FWHM of Double Crystal X-ray Rocking Curve (DCRC) was the smallest, 129 arcsec. The Hall effect on this sample was measured by the method of Van der Pauw, and the carrier density and mobility dependent on temperature were 9.57x10/sup 22/ electron/㎥, 1.31x10/sup -2/㎡/V·s at 293 K, respectively. The ΔCr(Crystal field splitting) and the ΔSo (spin orbit coupling splitting( measured at f10K from the photocurrent peaks in the short wavelength of the CuInTe₂ single crystal thin film were about 0.1200 eV, 0.2833 eV respectively. From the PL spectra of CuInTe₂ single crystal thin film at 10 K, the free exciton (E/sub x/) was determined to be 1064.5 nm(1.1647 eV) and the donor-bound exciton(D/sup 0/, X) and acceptor-bound exciton (A/sup 0/, X) were determined to be 1085.3 nm(1.1424 eV) and 1096.8 nm(1.1304 eV0 respectively. And also, the donor-acciptor pair (DAP)P/sub 0/, DAP-replica P₁, DAP-replica P₂ and self-activated (SA) were determined to be 1131 nm (1.0962 eV), 1164 nm(1.0651 eV), 1191.1 nm(1.0340 eV) and 1618.1 nm (0.7662 eV), respectively.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.17
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• pp.230-233
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• 2004

The stochiometric mix of evaporating materials for the $CuInS_2$ single crystal thin films was prepared from horizontal furnance. Using extrapolation method of X-ray diffraction patterns for the $CuInS_2$ polycrystal, it was found tetragonal structure whose lattice constant $a_0$ and $c_0$ were $5.524\;{\AA}$ and $11.142\;{\AA}$, respectively. To obtain the single crystal thin films, $CuInS_2$ mixed crystal was deposited on throughly etched semi-insulator GaAs(100) substrate by the hot wall epitaxy (HWE) system. The source and substrate temperature were 640 t and 430 t, respectively and the thickness of the single crystal thin films was $2{\mu}m$. Hall effect on this sample was measured by the method of van dot Pauw and studied on carrier density and temperature dependence of mobility. The carrier density and mobility deduced from Hall data are $9.64{\times}10^{22}/m^3,\;2.95{\times}10^{-2}\;m^2/V{\cdot}s$ at 293 K, respectively The optical energy gaps were found to be 1.53 eV at room temperature. From the photocurrent spectrum by illumination of perpendicular light on the c - axis of the thin film, we have found that the values of spin orbit coupling splitting ${\Delta}So$ and the crystal field splitting ${\Delta}Cr$ were 0.0211 eV and 0.0045 eV at 10 K, respectively. From PL peaks measured at 10K, 807.7nm (1.5350ev) mean Ex peak of the free exciton emission, also 810.3nm (1.5301eV) expresses $I_2$ peak of donor-bound exciton emission and 815.6nm (1.5201eV) emerges $I_1$ peak of acceptor-bound exciton emission. In addition, the peak observed at 862.0nm (1.4383eV) was analyzed to be PL peak due to donor-acceptor pair(DAP).

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.39-42
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• 2015

우리는 탄소가 도핑 된 FePt 박막을 스퍼터링 방법으로 제작한 후 시간 분해능을 가진 모크 장비를 이용해서 매우 빠른 자기소거 후 그 회복 과정을 관찰하였다. 탄소의 함량이 늘어 날수록 격자 구조가 $L1_0$에서 벗어나는 것을 확인하였으며 보자력의 변화 또한 확인하였다. 모든 시료가 펨토 초 펄스로 열을 받으면 5 피코초 안에 자기 소거되었다. 그 후 흥미롭게도 탄소 함량이 많을수록 매우 빠른 자기 회복 시간이 길어지는 것이 관측되었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.128.1-128.1
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• 2013

We investigated the correlation between electrical transport and mechanical stress in $Bi_2Te_2Se$ by using a conductive probe atomic force microscopy in an ultra-high vacuum environment. Uniform distribution of measured friction and current were observed over a single quintuple layer terrace, which is an indication of the uniform chemical composition of the surface. By measuring the charge transport of $Bi_2Te_2Se$ surface as a function of the load applied by a tip to the sample, we found that the current density varies with applied load. The variation of current density was explained in light of the combined effect of the changes in the in-plane conductance and spin-orbit coupling that were theoretically predicted. We suppose that the local density of states is modified by tip-induced strain, but topological phase still remains. We exposed a clean topological insulator surface by tip-induced indentation. The surface conductance on the indented $Bi_2Te_2Se$ surface was studied, and the role of surface oxide on the surface conductance is discussed.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.197-206
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• 1999

수평 전기로에서 $AgInSe_2$다결정을 합성하여 HWE(Hot Wall Epitaxy) 방법으로 $AgInSe_2$ 단결정 박막을 반절연성 GaAs(100) 위에 성장하였다. $AgInSe_2$단결정 박막은 증발원과 기판의 온도를 각각 $610^{\circ}C$, $450^{\circ}C$로 성장하였다. 이때 성장된 단결정 박막의 두께는 3.8$\mu\textrm{m}$였다. 단결정 박막의 결정성의 조사에서 20 K에서 측정한 광발광 스펙트럼은 884.1nm(1.4024eV) 근처에서 excition emission 스펙트럼이 가장 강하게 나타났으며, 또한 이중결정 X-선 회절곡선(DCXD)의 반폭치(FWHM)도 125arcsec로 매우 작은 값으로 측정되어 최적 성장 조건임을 알 수 있었다. Hall 효과는 van der Pauw 방법에 의해 측정되었으며, 온도에 의존하는 운반자 농도와 이동도는 293K에서 각각 $9.58{\times}10^{22} electron/m^3,\; 3.42{\times}10^{-2}m^2/V{\cdot}s$였다. $AgInSe_2$단결정 박막의 광전류 단파장대 봉우리들로부터 20K에서 측정된 $\Delta$Cr(Crystal field splitting)은 0.12eV, $\Delta$So(spin orbit coupling)는 0.29 eV였다. 20K에서 얻어진 광발광 봉우리들 중에서 881.1nm(1.4071 eV)와 882.4nm(1.4051 eV)는 free exciton$E_x$의 upper polariton과 lower polariton인$E_x^U$와 $E_x^L$를 의미하며, 884.1nm(1.4024 eV)는 donor-bound exciton emission에 의한 $I_2$봉우리를, 885.9nm(1.3995 eV)는 acceptor-bound exciton emission에 의한 $I_1$ 봉우리를 각각 나타내었다. 또한 887.5nm(1.3970 eV)에서 관측된 봉우리는 DAP(donor-acceptor pair)에 기인하는 광발광 봉우리로 해석되었다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2000

수평전기로에서 $CuGaSe_2$다결정을 합성하여 HWE(Hot Wall Epitaxy) 방법으로 $CuGaSe_2$단결정 박막을 반절연 성 GaAs(100)기판 위에 성장하였다. $CuGaSe_2$단결정박막은 증발원의 온도를 $610^{\circ}C$, 기판의 온도를 $450^{\circ}C$로 성장하였다. 이때 성장된 단결정 박막의 두께는 2.1$\mu\textrm{m}$였다. 단결정 박막의 결정성의 조사에서 20K에서 광발광(photoluminescence) 스펙트럼이 672.6nm(1.8432 eV)에서 exciton emission 스펙트럼이 가장 강하게 나타났으며, 또한 이중결정 X-선 요동곡선(DCRC)의 반폭치(FWHM)도 138 arcsec로 가장 작아 최적 성장 조건임을 알 수 있었다. Hall 효과는 van der Pauw 방법에 의해 측정되었으며, 온도에 의존하는 운반자 농도와 이동도는 293 K에서 각각 $4.87{\times}10^{23}$ electron/$m^{23}$ , $1.29{\times}10^{-2}$$\m^2$/v-s였다. $CuGaSe_2$ 단결정 박막의 광전류 단파장대 봉우리들로부터 20K에서 측정된 $\Delta$Cr(crystal field splitting)은 약 0.0900 eV $\Delta$So(spin orbit coupling)는0.2493 eV였다. 20K에서 광발광 봉우리의 667.6nm(1.8571 eV)는 free exciton($E_x$), 672.6nm(1.8432 eV)는 acceptor-bound exciton 인 $I_2$와 679.3nm(1.8251 eV)는 donor-bound exciton인 $I_1$였다. 또한 690.9nm(1.7945 eV)는 donor-acceptor pair(DAP) 발광 $P_0$이고 702.4nm(1.7651 eV)는 DAP-replica $P_1$, 715.0nm(1.7340 eV)는 DAP-replica $P_2$, 728.9nm(1.7009 eV)는 DAP-replica $P_3$, 741.9nm(1.6711 eV)는 DAP-replica $P_4$로 고찰된다. 912.4nm(1.3589 eV)는 self activated(SA)에 기인하는 광발광 봉우리로 고찰되었다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.425-433
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• 2000

수평 전기로에서 $CuGaTe_2$다결정을 합성하여 HWE 방법으로 $CuGaTe_2$단결정 박막을 반절연성 GaAs (100) 위에 성장하였다. $CuGaTe_2$단결정 박막은 증발원과 기판의 온도를 각각 $670^{\circ}C$, $410^{\circ}C$로 성장하였다. 이때 단결정 박막의 결정성이 10K에서 측정한 광발광 스펙트럼은 954.5 nm(1.2989 eV) 근처에서 exciton emission 스펙트럼이 가장 강하게 나타났으며, 또한 이중결정 X-선 요동곡선(DCRC)의 반폭치(FWHM)도 139arcsec로 가장 작게 측정되어 최적 성장 조건임을 알 수 있었다. Hall효과는 van der Pauw 방법에 의해 측정되었으며, 온도에 의존하는 운반자 농도와 이동도는 293 K에서 각각 $8.72{\times}10{23}$개 $\textrm m^3$, $3.42{\times}10^{-2}$ $\textrm m^2$/V.s였다. 상온에서 $CuGaTe_2$단결정 박막의 광흡수 특성으로부터 에너지 띠간격이 1.22 eV였다. Bandedge에 해당하는 광전도도 peak의 온도 의존성은 varshni 관계식으로 설명되었으며, varshni 관계식의 상수값은 $E_g$(0) = 1.3982 eV, $\alpha$ = $4.27{\times}10^{-4}$eV/K, $\beta$ = 265.5K로 주어졌다. $CuGaTe_2$단결정 박막의 광전류 단파장대 봉우리들로부터 10K에서 측정된$\Delta$cr(crystal field splitting)은 0.0791 eV, $\Delta$s.o(spin orbit coupling)는 0.2463 eV였다. 10K에서 광발광 봉우리의 919.8nm(1.3479 eV) free exciton($E_x$), 954.5nm(1.2989 eV)는 donor-bound exciton 인 $I_2(D^0,X)$와 959.5nm(1.2921 eV)는 acceptor-bound exciton 인 $I_1(A_0, X)$이고, 964.6nm(1.2853 eV)는 donor-acceptor pair(DAP) 발광, 1341.9nm(0.9239 eV)는 self activated(SA)에 기인하는 광발광 봉우리로 고찰되었다.