• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.64-79
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to find the relationship between precipitation deficit, SPI(standardized precipitation index)-12 month, agricultural reservoir water storage deficit and agricultural drought-related big data, and to evaluate the usefulness of agricultural risk management through big data. For the long term drought (from January 2014 to September 2015), each data was collected and analysed with monthly and Provincial base. The minimum SPI-12 and maximum reservoir water storage deficit compared to normal year were occurred at the same time of July 2014, and August and September 2015. The maximum frequency of big data was occurred at June and July of 2014, and March and June to September of 2015. The maximum big data was occurred 1 month advanced in 2014 and 2 months advanced in 2015 than the maximum reservoir water storage deficit. The occurrence of big data was sensitive to spring drought from March, late Jangma of June, dry Jangma of July and the rainfall deficit of September 2015. The big data was closely related with the meteorological drought and agricultural drought. Because the big data is the in situ feeling drought, it is proved as a useful indicator for agricultural risk management.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.472-477
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• 2009

A Stokes polarimetry imaging (SPI) system was developed and utilized to detect tendon tears by constructing the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) image maps after linearly polarized light illumination. The micro and partial-thickness tears of turkey tendons were made and imaged by the SPI system at different incident polarization angles (IPA) with different mechanical loads on the tendon. The micro and partial-thickness tendon tears were detected by the DOLP images due to weak birefringence around the tears. The tendon tears were detected by a highest DOLP contrast at longest visible wavelength (Red, 650 ${\pm}$ 50 nm). All polarized images showed modulated DOLP as the incident polarization angle (IPA) was varied. The varying DOLP allowed the optimal detection of the micro and partial-thickness tendon tears at a certain IPA. The SPI system with variable IPA and spectral information can improve the detection of the tendon tears by higher visibility of fiber orientations, and thereby improve diagnosis and treatment of the tendon related injuries.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.150-150
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• 2019

The development of prolong and severe drought can directly impact on the environment, agriculture, economics and society of country. A lot of efforts have been made across worldwide in the planning, monitoring and mitigation of drought. Currently, different drought indices such as the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) are developed and most commonly used to monitor drought characteristics quantitatively. However, it will be very meaningful and essential to develop a more effective technique for assessment and monitoring of onset and end of drought. Therefore, in this study, the hidden Markov Bayesian classifier (MBC) was employed for the assessment of onset and end of meteorological drought classes. The results showed that the probabilities of different classes based on the MBC were quite suitable and can be employed to estimate onset and end of each class for meteorological droughts. The classification results of MBC were compared with SPI and with past studies which proved that the MBC was able to account accuracy in determining the accurate drought classes. For more performance evaluation of classification results confusion matrix was used to find accuracy and precision in predicting the classes and their results are also appropriate. The overall results indicate that the MBC was effective in predicating the onset and end of drought events and can utilized for monitoring and management of short-term drought risk.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.863-872
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• 2019

Using the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), this study analyzed the drought characteristics of ten weather stations in Gyeongbuk, South Korea, that precipitation data over a period of 30 years. For the number of months that had a SPI of -1.0 or less, the drought occurrence index was calculated and a maximum shortage months, resilience and vulnerability in each weather station were analyzed. According to the analysis, in terms of vulnerability, the weather stations with acute short-term drought were Andong, Bonghwa, Moongyeong, and Gumi. The weather stations with acute medium-term drought were Daegu and Uljin. Finally the weather stations with acute long-term drought were Pohang, Youngdeok, and Youngju. In terms of severe drought frequency, the stations with relatively high frequency of mid-term droughts were Andong, Bonghwa, Daegu, Uiseong, Uljin, and Youngju. Gumi station had high frequency of short-term droughts. Pohang station had severe short-term ad long-term droughts. Youngdeok had severe droughts during all the terms. Based on the analysis results, it is inferred that the size of the drought should be evaluated depending on how serious vulnerability, resilience, and drought index are. Through proper evaluation of drought, it is possible to take systematic measures for the duration of the drought.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.409-418
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• 2012

A modified standardized precipitation index was developed by considering the length of dry period and surface run-off effect. The official reports and newspapers on drought from 1973 to 2009 were quantified to evaluate drought indices. The developed index was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic analysis. In order to suggest improved drought index, we cut the precipitation amount that may do not contribute the mitigation of drought and weight dry period by considering cumulative distribution, decile distribution of dry periods. Drought detection capability of the suggested index has improved by weighting of dry period effects and considering precipitation amounts contributing drought mitigation.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.293-303
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• 2016

This study implemented a comparison of SPI characteristics in terms of quantitative and spatial analysis depending on four RCP scenarios. For this purpose, we compared quantitative characteristics of drought using standard precipitation index resulted from daily precipitation data reflecting future green gas concentration scenarios, and spatial distribution field of seasonal drought occurrence frequency and its duration, was analyzed to compare drought trends depending on the RCP scenarios. As a result, we found that SPI time series was quite different from each other and correlation coefficients were lower than 0.08. Depending on the RCP scenarios, spatial distribution results showed different trends in drought severity, frequency, and duration. The biggest reason of the difference is daily precipitation data based on the different greenhouse gas concentrations, but we could not find the effect of the concentration extent on drought occurrence projection. In addition, according to the results from this study, drought analysis results using single RCP scenario may have considerable uncertainty.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.175-182
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• 2005

Abstract Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1) gene expression is regulated by many environmental signals such as oxygen, osmolarity, and pH. Here, we examined changes in the expression level of various regulatory proteins encoded within SPI1 in response to three different concentrations of NaCl, using primer extension analysis. Transcription of all the regulatory genes tested was activated most when Salmonella were grown in Luria Broth (LB) containing 0.17 M NaCl. The expression of hilA, invF, and hilD was decreased in the presence of 0.47 M NaCl or in the absence of NaCl, while hilC expression was almost constant regardless of the NaCl concentration when Salmonella were grown to exponential phase under low-oxygen condition. The reduced expression of hilA, invF, and hilD resulted in lower invasion of hilC mutant to the cultured animal cells when the mutant was grown in the presence of 0.47 M NaCl or in the absence of NaCl prior to infection. Among the proteins secreted via the SPI1-type III secretion system (TTSS), the level of sopE2 expression was not influenced by medium osmolarity. Various effects of osmolarity on virulence gene regulation observed in this study is one example of multiple regulatory pathways used by Salmonella to cause infection.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.216-233
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• 2021

In this work, Rhizophora spp. particleboard phantoms were made using SPI-based adhesives, modified with sodium hydroxide and itaconic acid polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (0, 5, 10, and 15 wt%). An X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging system was used to ascertain the CT numbers and density distribution profiles of the particleboards. The SPI-based/NaOH/IA-PAE/Rhizophora spp. particleboard phantoms with 15 wt% IA-PAE addition level had the highest solid content, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and internal bonding strength of 36.06 ± 1.08%, 18.61 ± 0.38 Nmm^-2, 7605.76 ± 0.89 Nmm^-2, and 0.463 ± 0.053 Nmm^-2, respectively. The moisture content, mass density, water absorption, and dimensional stability were 6.93 ± 0.27%, 0.962 ± 0.037 gcm^-3, 22.36 ± 2.47%, and 10.90 ± 0.86%, respectively. The results revealed that the mass attenuation coefficients and effective atomic number values within the 16.59-25.26 keV photon energy region, were close to the calculated XCOM values in water, with a p-value of 0.077. Moreover, the CT images showed that the dissimilarities in the discrepancy of the profile density decreased as the IA-PAE concentrations increased. Therefore, these results support the appropriateness of the SPI-based/NaOH/IA-PAE/Rhizophora spp. particleboard with 15 wt% IA-PAE adhesive as a suitable tissue-equivalent phantom material for medical health applications.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.1250-1257
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• 2022

Objective: Low fat duck meat sausages were prepared by replacing the fat in the formulations with soy protein isolate (SPI) and inulin to find the best formulation having superior shelf-life without affecting its quality attributes. Methods: Four sausage mix formulations were prepared viz.control (0% SPI and inulin), T₁ (2.5% inulin), T₂ (2.5% SPI), and T₃ (2.5% SPI+2.5% inulin) replacing duck fat as per the recipe. Five batches of duck meat sausages of each formulation were prepared, and the final products were evaluated for physico-chemical, organoleptic, and microbiological qualities. Results: The % moisture and crude protein content of the sausages revealed an increasing trend (p<0.01) from control to the treated formulations, while the % total ash contents were found to be non-significant (p>0.05). On the contrary, the per cent ether extract decreased significantly (p<0.01) from the control to the treated groups. In terms of calorie value, control samples exhibited the highest values with a significant (p<0.01) regression from control to treated formulation, respectively. The colour profile study (L, a^*, b^*) of the formulations were found to be non-significant. Texture profile study in terms of springiness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and resilience revealed no significant difference in all the treatment groups except the hardness scores, which revealed a significantly (p<0.01) increasing trend from control to the treated formulations. The total viable count showed a significant decrease in the treated groups. However, there was a significant increase in the bacterial load during the storage till day 15th. The total viable psychrophilic bacterial count showed a significant (p<0.01) increase in bacterial load from day 5th to 15th day of storage. Colititre counts were negative for all the formulations until the 15th day of storage. Conclusion: The present study results may conclude that duck meat sausages could be prepared satisfactorily by replacing duck fat with SPI and inulin at the rate of 2.5% of each with superior quality attributes.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.251-255
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a fuse controller which is used for storing the optimal value or the correction value for the surrounding product of the IoT applications and it is implemented serial communication circuit using a single pin. Because of the proposed single pin protocol is simpler in the hardware than the conventional $I^2C$ and SPI using two or more pins, it is suitable for the area of small amount of data transmission. The function of the one pin protocol is verified by logic simulation and the FPGA test board and it is fabricated using CMOS 0.35um technology. It is expected to use the IoT product that require the low power consumption and simple hardware.