• International Journal of Railway
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.10-21
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• 2012

Open steel plate girder (OPSG) bridges are the most prevalent railroad bridge type in Korea, constituting about 40% of all railroad bridges. Solid steel bearings, known as line type bearings, are placed in most OSPG railway bridges. However, the line type rigid bearings generate several problems with the bridge's dynamic behavior and maintenance in service. To compare and investigate the dynamic behaviors of line type, spherical and disk bearings, the vertical displacements of each bearing, including fixed and expansion type, under running vehicles are measured and analyzed. The displacements of disk and spherical bearings are measured after replacing the line type bearings with spherical and disk bearings. This study also analyzed dynamic behaviors of bridges. Furthermore, the deformation of the PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) plate that is placed inside of expansion type spherical and disk bearings is measured and its effect on the dynamic behavior of the bridges is discussed. The up-lift phenomenon at the bearings installed for the steel bridges is estimated. The vertical displacements at mid-span of the bridges are compared according to the bearing types. Finally, the 1st mode natural frequencies are estimated, and the relationship to the vertical displacement is discussed.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.479-500
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• 2022

In this study, a new type of isolation bearing is proposed by combining S-shaped steel plate dampers (SSDs) with a spherical steel bearing, and the seismic control effect of a five-span standard high-speed railway bridge is investigated. The advantages of the proposed S-shaped steel damping friction bearing (SSDFB) are that it cannot only lengthen the structural periods, dissipate the seismic energy, but also prevent bridge unseating due to the restraint effectiveness of SSDs in the large relative displacements between the girders and piers. This study first presents a detailed description and working principle of the SSDFB. Then, mechanical modeling of the SSDFB was derived to fundamentally define its cyclic behavior and obtain key mechanical parameters. The numerical model of the SSDFB's critical component SSD was verified by comparing it with the experimental results. After that, parameter studies of the dimensions and number of SSDs, the friction coefficient, and the gap length of the SSDFBs were conducted. Finally, the longitudinal seismic responses of the bridge with SSDFBs were compared with the bridge with spherical bearing and spherical bearing with strengthened shear keys. The results showed that the SSDFB can not only significantly mitigate the shear force responses and residual displacement in bridge substructures but also can effectively reduce girder displacement and prevent bridge unseating, at a cost of inelastic deformation of the SSDs, which is easy to replace. In conclusion, the SSDFB is expected to be a cost-effective option with both multi-stage energy dissipation and restraint capacity, making it particularly suitable for seismic isolation application to high-speed railway bridges.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제85권2호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2023

The spherical steel bearings (SSBs) has been gradually replaced traditional rubber bearings and extensively applied to high-speed railway (HSR) bridges in China, due to their durability and serviceability. Nevertheless, SSB is generally simplified to the ordinary constraints in the finite element model, which cannot reflect its detailed mechanical characteristics, especially its seismic performance. To provide a more precisely simulation, an innovative and simplified finite element simulation method is proposed and the combined element group is developed in ANSYS. The primary parameters were determined by means of the performance test of SSB. The finite element model of SSB applied to a single-span HSR simply supported girder bridge was established through the proposed method. The seismic performance of the SSB was further investigated. A shake table test was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed simulation method. It is found that the numerical results could have a good agreement with the experiment, namely, the proposed method is feasible and efficient.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2008

철도판형교에 있어 선받침은 사용 중에 많은 문제를 야기하고 있으며, 구조적으로 불안정하다. 기존 선받침의 문제점을 파악하기 위해 수평저항능력 실험을 수행하였다. 유지보수에 용이하고 들림현상에 저항할 수 있는 개선된 스페리칼받침을 개발하여 기존받침을 교체하였다. 개선된 스페리칼받침의 교체성능 실험과 부반력 저항능력 실험이 수행되어, 유지보수 성능 및 부반력 저항능력이 증명되었다. 선받침 상태 및 스페리칼받침으로 교체된 상태에서 판형교의 동적 거동 및 각 교량받침의 동적 거동을 계측하여 거동의 차이를 분석하였다. 이러한 실험 및 분석을 통하여 개선된 스페리칼받침이 철도 판형교에 교량받침으로 사용하기에 적합함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1697-1702
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• 2010

It has been recognized for decades that the spherical bearing which is sliding on curved surface in the intrinsic behavior is optimized for the railway bridge requiring a large slope deflection. However, the spherical bearing is easily corrosived at the PSC girder bridge which is exposed to the outside so the normal function of bridge bearing is not fulfilled fully. It is common that the corrosion is happened at the operating plate of steel bridge bearing and generally it is necessary to replace the bridge bearing after 20~25 years. Accordingly, It costs multi billion dollars for maintenance each year and the necessity of improvement become a issue. Korea Rail Network Authority(KR) suggested to apply the Elastomeric bearing instead of Spherical bearing through the task of construction site of 2006. But the normal Elastomeric bearing is optimized for the Highway bridge so it needs the special consideration to satisfy each design condition required by railway bridge. As the result of examination of Elastomeric bearing at the railway bridge construction site, the stress is decreased by effective dispersion of earthquakes and the maintenance fee is also decreased.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제87권2호
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• pp.137-149
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• 2023

In this study, to explore the working performance of the CFST split spherical node wind power tower, two groups of CFST split spherical joint plane towers with different web wall thicknesses and a set of space systems were analyzed. The tower was subjected to a low-cycle repeated load test, and the hysteresis and skeleton curves were analyzed. ABAQUS finite element simulation was used for verification and comparison, and on this basis parameter expansion analysis was carried out. The results show that the failure mode of the wind power tower was divided into weld tear damage between belly bar, high strength bolt thread damage and belly rod flexion damage. In addition, increasing the wall thickness of the web member could render the hysteresis curve fuller. Finally, the bearing capacity of the separated spherical node wind power tower was high, but its plastic deformation ability was poor. The ultimate bearing capacity and ductility coefficient of the simulated specimens are positively correlated with web diameter ratio and web column stiffness ratio. When the diameter ratio of the web member was greater than 0.13, or the stiffness ratio γ of the web member to the column was greater than 0.022, the increase of the ultimate bearing capacity and ductility coefficient decreased significantly. In order to maximize the overall mechanical performance of the tower and improve its economy, it was suggested that the diameter ratio of the ventral rod be 0.11-0.13, while the stiffness ratio γ should be 0.02-0.022.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.62-70
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• 2012

철도 판형교의 선받침, 스페리칼받침 및 디스크받침의 차량주행에 의한 동적 거동을 측정 분석 하고, 각 받침에 따른 판형교의 동적 거동을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 각 받침은 고정단과 가동단의 형태에 따라 차량주행에 의한 수직변위가 측정되었고, 비교 분석하였다. 또한, 가동단의 스페리칼받침과 디스크받침의 내부에 설치된 PTFE판의 변형 및 이 변형이 교량의 거동에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 판형교에 설치된 교량받침에서 들림 현상이 관측되는데, 받침 형태에 따른 들림량을 분석하였다. 중앙 거더의 수직변위를 교량받침 별로 비교하여 교량받침 교체에 의한 교량 수직변위 변화를 분석하였으며, 각 받침에 따른 중앙 거더의 수직변위와 고유진동수의 변화를 상관적으로 분석하여 설명하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.813-833
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• 2015

Spherical reticulated shells are widely applied in structural engineering due to their good bearing capability and attractive appearance. Parametric modeling of spherical reticulated shells is the basis of internal analysis and optimization design. In the present study, generation methods of nodes and the corresponding connection methods of rod elements are proposed. Modeling programs are compiled by adopting the ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL). A shape optimization method based on the two-stage algorithm is presented, and the corresponding optimization program is compiled in FORTRAN environment. Shape optimization is carried out based on the objective function of the minimum total steel consumption and the restriction condition of strength, stiffness, slenderness ratio, stability. The shape optimization of four typical Schwedler spherical reticulated shells is calculated with the span of 30 m~80 m and rise to span ratio of 1/7~1/2. Compared with the shape optimization results, the variation rules of total steel consumption along with the span and rise to span ratio are discussed. The results show that: (1) The left and right rod-Schwedler spherical reticulated shell is the most optimized and should be preferentially adopted in structural engineering. (2) The left diagonal rod-Schwedler spherical reticulated shell is second only to left and right rod regarding the mechanical behavior and optimized results. It can be applied to medium and small-span structures. (3) Double slash rod-Schwedler spherical reticulated shell is advantageous in mechanical behavior but with the largest total weight. Thus, this type can be used in large-span structures as far as possible. (4) The mechanical performance of no latitudinal rod-Schwedler spherical reticulated shell is the worst and with the second largest weight. Thus, this spherical reticulated shell should not be adopted generally in engineering.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.96-106
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• 2014

철도차량에 의한 진동은 지반을 통해 주변 지역에 영향을 주고 피로균열등 구조적 손상을 주고 있다. 본 논문은 새롭게 개발된 탄성 스페리컬 받침을 기존 강재스페리컬 받침과의 비교를 통한 진동저감성능에 대해 평가하였다. 탄성스페리컬 받침은 반구형 곡률과 크기를 변경함으로써 현장 여건에 맞는 강성을 구현할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 탄성 스페리컬 받침은 반구형 고무 및 보강판의 적층 받침으로써 성능특성을 확인하기 위해 설계와 해석결과를 비교하고 특성시험을 실시하였다. 또한 진동저감성능 확인을 위해 열차의 실대차 축소모형 시험을 실시하였다. 해석적 검증비교를 통한 특성시험에서는 설계하중 500kN 시험체의 압축 및 회전 시험결과 압축보다 회전에 의한 강성 증가가 적은 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 압축 및 회전 시험 후 시험체에 외관변형 및 영구적인 손상, 찢어짐 등은 발견되지 않았다. 축소 스케일 진동 측정 시험에서는 실대차 모형을 1/50축소하여 교량의 진동을 측정하였다. 그 결과 강재 스페리컬 받침에 비해 탄성 스페리컬 받침의 진동 저감능력이 탁월한 것으로 판단되며, 거리별 진동감쇠 성능도 높은 것으로 확인되어 탄성스페리컬 받침의 철도교 적용 시 진동저감효과가 우수할 것으로 판단된다. 향 후 실제 철도교량에서의 현장실험을 통해 성능을 검증할 계획이다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.211-220
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• 2023

Welded hollow spherical joints are commonly used joints in space grid structures. An internal stiffener is generally adopted to strengthen the joints when large hollow spheres are used. To further strengthen it, external stiffeners can be used at the same time. In this study, axial compression tests are conducted on four full-scale 550 mm spherical joints. The failure modes and strengths of the tested joints are investigated. It shows that the external stiffeners are able to increase the strength of the joint up to 25%. A numerical model for large spherical joints with stiffeners is established and verified against the experimental results. Parametric studies are executed considering six main design factors using the verified model. It is found that the strength of the spherical joint increases as the thickness, height and number of the external stiffeners increase, and the hollow sphere's diameter has a neglectable effect on the enhancement caused by the external stiffeners. Based on the experimental and numerical results, a practical formula for the compressive bearing capacity of large welded hollow spherical joints with both internal and external stiffeners is proposed. The proposed formula gives a conservative prediction on the compressive capacity of large welded hollow spherical joints with both internal and external stiffeners.