• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.174-182
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• 2011

With the reactor operation conditions - 4.3 wt% $^{235}U$ initial enrichment, burn-up 55,000 MWd/MTU, average power 34 MW/MTU for three periods burned time for 539.2 days per period and cooling time for 100 hours after shut down, to set up the condition to determine the minimum height (depth) of spent fuel storage pool to shut off the radiation out of the spent fuel storage pool and to store spent fuels safely, the dose rate on the specific position directed to the surface of spent fuel storage pool induced by the neutron and gamma-ray from spent fuels are evaluated. The length of spent fuel is 381 cm, and as the result of evaluation on each position from the top of spent fuel to the surface of spent fuel storage pool, it is difficult for neutrons from spent fuels to pass through the water layer of maximum 219 cm (600 cm from the floor of spent fuel storage pool) and 419 cm (800 cm from the floor of spent fuel storage pool) for gamma-ray. Therefore, neutron and gamma-ray from spent fuels can pass through below 419 cm (800 cm from the floor) water layer directed to the surface of spent fuel storage pool.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.12-21
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• 2018

This research was conducted at agric physical lab, Department of Animal science, Faculty of Agriculture to determines the effects of marinating spent layer meat with basil leaf paste on drip loss and sensory attributes under different post mortem conditions. In the light of this, the poultry industry is obliged to continuously grow for a steady supply of quality poultry meat. Marinating the spent layer hen's meat with fresh basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum) in addition to subjecting the meat to 0, 6, 12, and at 24 hours post mortem aging before cooking increased it's organoleptic attributes which was readily acceptable to consumers. Marination of meat with herbs or spices like basil leaves paste had enhanced consumer's preference for taste, texture aroma, colour and overall acceptance. Marination improved consumer acceptance of spent layer meat irrespective of parts and post mortem aging. However, the majority of the respondents preferred meat marinated and subjected to 12 hours of post mortem aging. It is recommended that more quantity of marinate should be added further studies should in order to determine more effect of fresh basil leaves rough paste. And more hours of postmortem aging should be increased in order to determine more effect of fresh basil leaves rough paste marinate.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.209-215
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• 1998

Effects of protein concentration, ionic strength, pH, and temperature range on the heat-induced denaturation of salt soluble protein extracted from spent layer meat were investigated. Viscosity of salt soluble protein heated at 65$^{\circ}C$ for 30 min began to increase sharply above 7 mg/ml of breast protein concentration, and above 21 mg/ml of leg protein concentration, respectively. Both turbidity and viscosity showed the highest value in cooked protein solution with pH 6.0 and 1% NaCl. The turbidity of salt soluble protein started to increase continuously from 40$^{\circ}C$ to 80$^{\circ}C$. The viscosity increased rapidly from 45$^{\circ}C$ to 60$^{\circ}C$ in breast protein, and increased from 50$^{\circ}C$ to 55$^{\circ}C$ in leg protein, respectively, and then kept relatively constant. Breast protein had higher viscosity than leg protein during heat-induced gelation. Therefore, salt soluble protein from spent layer meat was associated with denatured protein (turbidity change) prior to gelation (viscosity change) during heating. Breast protein showed lower thermal transition temperature, and better gel formation than leg protein during heating.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.695-701
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• 1991

0.05 M 중탄산 나트륨 및 0.04 M 인산염 완충용액 (pH 8.3)으로 처리한 노계육 가슴살 및 다리살 시료의 경우 근섬유 단백의 불안정화를 시사하는 열변성 온도의 저하가 관찰되었다. 이러한 현상을 근섬유 단백중 95 Kdalton 및 55 Kdalton protein의 추출과 관련 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단되었으며 처리 시료의 근섬유구조 변화(Z-line의 파괴)와도 관련 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2019

A failed spent fuel rod with 53,000 MWd/tU from a nuclear power plant was characterized, and the fission products and oxygen layer in the pellet-clad mechanical interaction region were observed using an EPMA (Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer). A sound fuel rod burned under similar conditions was used to compare and analyze, the results of the failed fuel rod. In the failed fuel rod, the oxide layer represented $10{\mu}m$ of the boundary of the cladding, and $35{\mu}m$ of the region outside the cladding. By comparison, in the sound fuel rod, the oxide layer was $8{\mu}m$, observed in the cladding boundary region. The cladding inner surface corrosion and the resulting fuel-cladding bonding were investigated using an EPMA. Zirconium existed in the bonding layer of the (U, Zr)O compound beyond the pellet cladding interaction gap of $20{\mu}m$, and composition of UZr2O3 was observed in the failed fuel rod. This paper presents the results of the EPMA examination of a spent fuel specimen, and a technique to analyze fission products in the pellet-clad mechanical interaction region.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2017

본 연구는 6주령 브로일러(Arbor Acre)와 함께 70, 95주령 산란 성계(Hy-line)의 가슴육과 다리육을 이용해 주령에 따른 산란 성계육의 육질특성 및 가공적성을 브로일러와 비교 평가하여 원료육으로서의 가치를 구명하고자 실시하였다. 브로일러는 생육과 유화물에서 우수한 보수력 및 유화안정성을 보였으며, 관능평가에 있어서 높은 점수를 받았다. 성계육 내에서 연령이 증가할수록 조직감이 질긴 특성을 보였으나, PUFA/SFA 및 n-6/n-3 지방산 조성이 유사하고, 가열육에 대한 관능검사 결과, 연령에 따른 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 생육과 유화물에서의 가열감량과 수분손실이 유사하여 가공육의 원료로서 95주령 성계육이 70주령의 성계육과 동등한 수준의 이용성을 지닌 것으로 판단할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.702-710
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• 1991

세척 및 결체조직 제거 처리가 노계육의 성분, 기능적 성질, 저장성 및 조직감에 미치는 영향이 조사되었다. 수세처리, 중탄산용액 세척 처리 및 결체조직 제거 처리를 거친 노계육 시료의 경우 수분의 증가와 단백질, hydroxyproline 및 heme 색소 함량의 감소가 관찰되 었고 염용성 단백과 보수력의 증가 및 완충력과 유화력의 감소가 관찰되었다. 또한 처리 시료의 경우 대조구에 비하여 저장 중 TBA 값의 증가가 완만하여 저장성의 증가가 시사되었다. 중탄산 용액 세척 처리 및 결체조직 제거 처리를 거친 thigh육 및 drumstick육을 사용하여 제조한 시료 roll의 경우 대조 시료에 비하여 질긴 감이 적은 것으로 훈련된 관능평가 요원들에 의하여 판정되었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.561-574
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• 2006

This study presents the results of an economic analysis for a comparison of the single layer and double layer alternatives with respect to a HLW-repository. According to a cost analysis undertaken in the Korean case, the single layer option was the most economical alternative. The disposal unit cost was estimated to be 222 EUR/kgU. In order to estimate such a disposal cost, an estimation process was sought after the cost objects, cost drivers and economic indicators were taken into consideration. The disposal cost of spent fuel differs greatly from general product costs in the cost structure. Product costs consist of direct material costs and direct labor and manufacturing overhead costs, whereas the disposal cost is comprised of construction costs, operating costs and closure costs. In addition, the closure cost is required after a certain period of time elapses following the building of a repository.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.690-695
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• 2023

Recommendations are given to improve the efficiency of radiation protection of transport casks for SNF transportation. The attenuation of ${\gamma}$-quanta of long-lived isotopes ¹³⁴Cs, ^137mBa(¹³⁷Cs), ¹⁵⁴Eu and ⁶⁰Co by optimizing the thicknesses and arrangement of layers of Fe and Pb radiation shields of transport casks is studied. The fixed radiation shielding mass (fixed mass thickness) is chosen as the main optimization criterion. The effect of the placement order of Fe and Pb layers in a combined two-layer radiation shield with an equivalent thickness of 30 cm is studied in detail. It is shown that with the same mass thicknesses of the Fe and Pb layers, the placement of Fe in the first layer, and Pb - in the second one provides more than twofold attenuation of ${\gamma}$-quanta compared to the reverse placement: Pb - in the first layer, Fe - in the second. The increase in the efficiency of attenuation of ${\gamma}$-quanta for TC with combined shielding of Fe and Pb is shown to be achieved by designing the first layer of radiation shielding around the canister with SNF from Fe of the maximum possible thickness.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.2412-2420
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• 2024

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) mandates safeguards to ensure non-proliferation of nuclear materials. Among inspection techniques used to detect partial defects within spent nuclear fuel (SNF), gamma emission tomography (GET) has been reported to be reliable for detection of partial defects on a pin-by-pin level. Conventional GET, however, is limited by low detection efficiency due to the high density of nuclear fuel rods and self-absorption. This paper proposes a new type of GET named Spent Fuel Internal Tomography (SFIT), which can acquire sinograms at the guide tube. The proposed device consists of the housing, shielding, C-shaped collimator, reflector, and gadolinium aluminum gallium garnet (GAGG) scintillator. For accurate attenuation correction, the source-distinguishable range of the SFIT device was determined using MC simulation to the region away from the proposed device to the second layer. For enhanced inspection accuracy, a proposed specific source-discrimination algorithm was applied. With this, the SFIT device successfully distinguished all source locations. The comparison of images of the existing and proposed inspection methods showed that the proposed method, having successfully distinguished all sources, afforded a 150 % inspection accuracy improvement.