• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.127-140
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 중간분석에서 사용되는 집단축차 검정법으로 이산형 반응변수인 경우, 오류 분배율 함수를 적용한 집단축차 검정법을 제안한다. 특히 제 1종 오류와 제 2종 오류를 모두 적용한 집단축차 검정법을 제안하며, 기존의 오류 분배율 함수를 포함하는 새로운 오류 분배율 함수를 제안한다. 반응변수가 이산형인 경우 정확한 크기 ${\alpha}$ 검정을 할 수 없으므로 각 검정단계에 사용될 오류율을 분배하는 대신 각 검정단계까지 사용되어야 할 누적 오류율을 이용한다. 오류 분배율 함수를 적용한 집단축차 검정은 기존의 집단축차 검정 보다 빠른 연산과 유연한 검정이 가능하다는 장점을 지니고 있으며, 본 논문에서 제시된 오류 분배율 함수를 이용해 특성을 비교한다.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2017

Purpose - Many countries rely on currency depreciation or debt-financed government spending to stimulate their economies. Currency depreciation tends to increase net exports and aggregate demand but reduce short-run aggregate supply due to higher import costs. Debt-financed government spending increases aggregate demand, but the crowding-out effect due to a higher real interest rate may reduce private spending and aggregate demand. Therefore, the net impact of currency depreciation or debt-financed government spending on equilibrium real GDP is unclear. Research design, data, and methodology - This paper examines potential impacts of real depreciation of the ringgit, more government debt as a percent of GDP and other relevant macroeconomic variables on aggregate output in Malaysia. Results - Applying the AD/AS model, this paper finds that aggregate output in Malaysia is positively associated with real appreciation during 2005.Q3-2010.Q3, real depreciation during 2010.Q4-2016.Q1, the debt-to-GDP ratio and the real stock price, negatively affected by the real lending rate and inflation expectations, and is not influenced by the real oil price. Conclusions - Real depreciation of the ringgit after 2010. Q3 or sustainable expansionary fiscal policy would be beneficial to the economy.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.6029-6035
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 효율성임금이론에 대하여 검토를 실시하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 2000년부터 2011년까지 171개 기업에 대한 복리후생비 지출과 경영성과 간의 관계를 살펴보았다. 기존의 선행연구에서는 기업의 경영성과에 복리후생비지출이 영향을 미친다는 것이었다. 하지만 복리후생비가 경영성과의 원인이 되는지에 대한 검토는 이루어지지 않았다. 이에 본 연구에서는 복리후생비와 경영성과 간의 인과관계에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다. 본 연구 분석결과 복리후생비의 지출이 경영성과의 원인이 된다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.79-96
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 청소년의 가족건강성에 따른 금전사용양식과 금전관리행동의 차이를 검증하는데 있다. 자료분석에는 고등학생 914명이 응답한 설문지를 사용하였으며, 통계분석방법으로는 신뢰도계수(Cronbach'$\alpha$) 산출, t검정, 일원분산분석과 사후검정으로 Duncan의 다중비교분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 조사대상 청소년의 기족건강성 점수는 3.36(5점 만점)으로 중간정도의 성향을 보였다. 금전사용양식은 안정형, 과시형, 무관심형으로 구성되었으며 무관심형의 평균이 3.33, 안정형은 3.01, 과시형은 2.91이었다. 금전관리행동은 계획, 수행, 평가, 저축으로 이루어졌으며, 계획이 2.81점, 실행이 2.87점, 명가가 2.90점, 저축이 2.50점으로 나타났다. 가족건강성이 높은 청소년은 금전을 통해 안정을 추구하는 경향과 과시를 추구하는 경향이 높았다. 청소년의 가족건강성 지각은 자신의 금전관리행동에도 유의한 정적 차이를 나타내어 자신의 가정을 건강하게 지각할수록 합리적인 금전관리행동을 하였다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.875-889
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• 2020

This study examined the effect of Instagram usage time (short, long) and spending on fashion products (light, heavy) on product attitude and purchase intention of products promoted by an influencer. The moderating effect of influencer type (mega, macro, micro) was also investigated. A total of 515 males and females in their 20s participated in an online survey. Descriptive statistics were analyzed and exploratory factor analysis and two-way ANOVA were conducted. Research findings were as follows. First, the usage time, both short and long, had a positive effect on product attitude. Also, the interactive effects of usage time and influencer type on product attitude were found. Consumers with short Instagram usage time displayed the highest attitude toward products promoted by a macro-influencer whereas consumers with long Instagram usage time displayed the highest attitude toward products promoted by a micro-influencer. Second, usage time and influencer type did not show interactive effects on purchase intention. Third, both categoriacl variables of users' spending on fashion products had a positive effect on product attitude. Fourth, the interaction effects of spending on fashion products and influencer types on purchase intention were found. The group of light buyers showed the highest purchase intention on products promoted by the macro-influencer while the group of heavy buyers showed the highest purchase intention of products promoted by the micro-influencer. Based on the results, implications were suggested.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.93-110
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the money management behavior according to the consumption value for consumers, especially for adolescents. Using 502 samples of middle school adolescents, a survey was conducted from May 10 to May 20, 2004. The main results were as follows: 1) The consumption value for adolescent consumers was categorized conspicuous-consumption value, brand-oriented value, mental-oriented value and advertising-dependent value. 2) Female adolescent, with more private spending money, with mobile phone, with importance on brand when purchasing mobile phone, paying more for using mobile phone, having conspicuous-consumption value, with more importance for brand when purchasing mobile phone and having more advertising-oriented value. Adolescent consumers with less private spending money, less payment for mobile phone and having mental-oriented value. 3) Female, with more educated mother, with less spending private money and having better money management behavior. 4) With less conspicuous-consumption value, more mental-oriented value, adolescent consumers have better for money management behavior.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.23-44
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• 2016

Household debt in Korea raises concerns about the resilience of the economy due to its size and quality. Against this backdrop, we investigate if household leverage matters for private consumption in adverse economic environments even without severe financial disruptions. We find that the balance sheet positions in terms of the leverage ratio may weaken consumption growth. We also find that the depressive effect of debt on consumption may differ across types of consumer spending and household characteristics. In particular, the effects of indebtedness have been much stronger in relation to durable goods expenditures than in other areas. In addition, debtors in high-income (wealth) groups have also shown downward adjustments in consumption even more so than low-income (wealth) groups. These findings imply that debtors' precautionary behavior may serve as an important channel from leverage to consumer spending.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.1091-1098
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• 2010

Victory and defeat of the war depends on follow-on logistics support. The spending time of follow-on logistics support at combat area is greatly influenced by the degree of combat intensity. The main purpose of this study is to compose a optimal supply route for operational sustainability of combat unit at combat area using transport vehicles. This study suggests a composition of optimal supply route for follow-on logistics support which considers the degree of combat intensity. A mathematical programming model and a genetic algorithm suggest to minimize the total spending time of follow-on logistics support. The suggested mathematical programming model is verified by using CPLEX 11.1. This study computes supply route, total spending time, total travel distance, and the number of transport vehicle.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.283-292
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of expenditure adequacy of eldery households. Data for this study were collected from 2002 House Income and Expenditure Survey of Korea National Statistical Office, which is consisting of a sample of 918 eldery households. Expenditure adequacy was investigated by the Spending to Income ratio and Expenditure to Minimum standard of living ratio. The results showed that 48% of households spent more than 100% of their taken-home income or less than the minimum standard of living. Multiple logistic regression was used to investigate the determinants of expenditure adequacy. Gender, age, education, job status, family size, and level of income were significant determinants of spending to income ratio and Expenditure to Minimum standard of living ratio. Family size had negative effect on expenditure adequacy, householder's job status and the level of income had positive relationship with it.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.355-361
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• 2022

The goal of the study was to see how polymer banknotes affected users' purchasing intention. Variables affecting the properties of polymer banknotes were considered, including security, ease of use, convenience, and durability. To achieve the study's main goal, quantitative methods were used, and a questionnaire was created and posted online through Google Forms to collect primary data. The questionnaire was completed by 403 people, and the data was screened and analyzed using SPSS.The study found that using Polymer money influenced people's behavior, particularly in terms of purchase patterns, decisions, and impulsive behavior toward purchases. This was attributed to the security and simplicity of using Polymer money, which appealed to many people. Furthermore, the study found that people lost their feeling of spending, meaning that using polymer money didn't feel like spending to them, effectively eliminating the moral guilt associated with excessive spending and encouraging more impulsive buying decisions.Based on the findings, the study recommends that a study be conducted to compare the use of Polymer money with tiny and large banknotes to see what kind of difference there is.