• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1158-1158
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• 2001

Fast and dynamic biochemical, enzymatic and morphological changes occur during the so-called generative development and during the vegetative processes in seeds. The most characteristic biochemical and compositional changes of this period are the formation and decline of storage components or their precursors, the change of their degree in polymerization and an extensive change in water content. The aim of the present study was to detect the maturation processes in seed nondestructively and to verify the applicability of near infrared spectroscopic methods in the measurement of physiological, chemical and biochemical changes in wheat seed. The amount and variation of different water “species” has been changed intensively during maturation. Characteristic changes of three water absorption bands (1920, 1420 and 1150 nm) during maturation were analysed. It was concluded that the free/bound transition of water molecules could be followed sensitively in different region of NIR spectra. Kinetic changes of carbohydrate reserves were characteristic during maturation. An intensive formation and decline of carbohydrate reserves were observed during early stage of maturation (0 -13 days, high energy demand). An accelerated formation of storage carbohydrates (starch) was detected in the second phase of maturation. Five characteristic absorption bands were analysed which were sensitive indicators the changes of carbohydrates occurred during maturation. Precursors of protein synthesis and the synthesis of reserve proteins and their kinetic changes during maturation were followed from NIR spectra qualitative and qualitatively. Dynamic formation of amino acids and the changes of N forms were detected by spectroscopic, chromatographic and by capillary electrophoresis methods. Calibration equations were developed and validated in order to measure the optimal maturation time protein and moisture content of developing wheat seeds. The spectroscopic methods are offering chance and measurement potential in order to detect fine details of physiological processes. The spectra have many hidden details, which can help to understand the biochemical background of processes.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1998 no.11
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• pp.143-144
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• 1998

The spectroscopic characteristic of 9 items in the urinalysis strip are measured to develop the urine analysis system. From experimental results, we determined the wavelength range which could accurately distinguish the degrees of 9 test items. Simulation is performed to distinguish the primary color reaction in the urinalysis strips using reflectance of urine strips, luminous intensity of LEDs, and spectral sensitivity of photodiodes. The simulation results agree well with experimental results by using UV-Visible spectrophotometer.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.306-315
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• 2001

Our study is aimed at proposal of systematic verification method of molecular structure using measuring method of selective ionic determination and spectrometry on 34 kinds of surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) which are most widely used today. In the IR spectrum, unsaturated fatty acids reveal themselves by HC= at $3000{\sim}3020cm^{-1}$, and intensity of $720cm^{-1}$ depends on carbon length of alkyl group. Also ethylene oxide(EO) adducts exhibit weak characteristic bands by $-CH_{2}-CH_{2}-O$ at 1350, 1100 and $950cm^{-1}$. Isethionate can be distinguished from diester succinate by intensity ratio of 1740 and $1200cm^{-1}$ spectrums, the ratio of latter is close to 1 due to 2 carboxylate radical in diester succinate. Quaternary ammonium salts exhibit characteristic band of $C_{4}N^{+}$ at $1000-900㎝^{-1}$. In the case of dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salts in quaternary ammonium surfactants, the spectrum of $3000cm^{-1}$ by $N-CH_{3}$ collapses to a very weak band at $3020cm^{-1}$. In ammonium heterocyclic derivatives, pyridinium salts show characteristic bands at 1640 and $1460cm^{-1}$, while imidazolinium salts exhibit characteristic band at $1620-1610cm^{-1}$. In the characteristic spectrum at $1080-1050cm^{-1}$ on OH radicals of the alkyl esters, primary alcohol appears as weak band and the 2 bands show in almost same intensity when primary and secondary alcohols exist together in one molecule. Also, alkyl ester of polyhydric alcohols appears as various broad band.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.47-48
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• 2012

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.449-457
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• 1998

We compared various spectroscopic properties of a norfloxacin-single stranded DNA complex with those of norfloxacin-double stranded DNA complex. Norfloxacin binds to both double-and single stranded DNA, and we observed the following spectroscopic changes for both complexes: hypochromism in the norfloxacin absorption region in the absorption spectrum, the characteristic induced CD spectrum consisting of a weak positive band at 323 nm and a strong positive band at 280-300 nm followed by a negative band in the 260 nm region, a strong decrease in the fluorescence intensity and a red-shift in the fluorescence emission spectrum, and shorter fluorescence decay times. These results indicate that the environments of the bound norfloxacin in both DNAs are similar, although the equilibrium constant of the norfloxacin-single stranded DNA was twice as high as the norfloxacin-double stranded DNA complex. Both complexes were thermodynamically favored with similar negative Δ$G^o$. Negative Δ$H^o$ terms contribute to these spontaneous reactions; Δ$S^o$ term was unfavorable.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1978

Rhodium (II) (isobutyrate)$_{4}L_2$, an antinumor drug, was shown to reactr with nucleic acid base derivatives, A, G, U and C in chloroform solution. When these derivatives were treated with one of novel metal compounds, rhodium carboxylate in chloroform solution, a fairly strong complex formation was observed by spectroscopic techniques. The characteristic of these complex was that binding occured at the two axial positions of rhodium (II) (isobutyrate)$_{4}L_2$ to the NH or )$NH_2$ group of the base in the ligands.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.207-210
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• 1991

Ultraviolet spectra of 5-and 6-uracilyl compounds which contain conjugated double bonds were obtained and their characteristic phenomena were examined. 5-Formyluracil and 6-methyl-5-formyluracil showed bathochromic shifts which should be expected from a conjugated carbonyl compound. 6-Formyluracil did not show any shift in absorbing wavelength. 5-and 6-uracilylacrylic acid derivatives, on the other hand, showed absorption at similar wavelengths, indicating the presence of a hexatriene chromophore. The ratio of ${\Delta}ν/J$ in nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of those compounds decreased drastically as the acrylic acids or esters were converted into amides.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the characterization of lignins from waste liquors in SP, KP, ASAM, and AS from Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica, and Betula ermanii. Spectroscopic study was applied to examine the lignins separated from different pulping process. Lignin contents in waste liqours increased in order of AS, ASAM, KP, and SP. UV spectra of three types of lignin except AS lignin showed similar pattern. IR spectra of AS lignin showed strong C=O absorptions in the range from 1730 to 1750$cm^{-1}$, where as those of KP, SP, and ASAM showed weak stretch in this region. NMR spectra of AS lignin showed strong characteristic chemical shifts of acetoxyl groups of acetylated aliphatic and aromatic hydroxyl groups at 2.0~2.5 ppm. Molecular weight of ASAM lignin from Pinus densiflora determined and found number average molecular weight 1,199, weight average molecular weight 5,458. z average molecular weight 17,242, and viscosity average molecular weight 5,457. It is considered from the results based on spectroscopic study of lignin that waste liquors (in SP, KP, ASAM and AS) from Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica, and Betula ermanii can be used for lignin utilization.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1213-1219
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• 2012

The reorganization energy and the spectroscopic properties of 2,6-bis(5'-hexyl-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2'- yl)naphthalene (DH-TNT) and 2,6-bis(5'-hexyl-thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-2'-yl)anthracene (DH-TAT), which are composed of an acene unit and alkylated thienothiophene on both sides, as organic materials for display devices were calculated and the results were compared with experimental values. The lower reorganization energy of the DH-TAT over the DH-TNT calculated by the density functional theory is attributed to a smaller vibrational distortion because of the heavier building block of DH-TAT, and it shows a good field effect performance over the DH-TNT. The calculated spectra and the other spectroscopic characteristic of the compounds are well consistent with those of observed results.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.53-69
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• 2024

Advancements in the technology of building materials has led to diverse applications of nanomaterials with the aim to monitor concrete structures. While there are myriad instances of the use of nanoparticles in building materials, the production of smart nano cement-composites is often expensive. Thereupon, this research aims to discover a sustainable nanomaterial from tyre waste using the pyrolysis process as part of the green manufacturing circle. Here, Nano Structure Tyre-Char (NSTC) is introduced as a zero-dimension carbon-based nanoparticle. The NSTC particles were characterized using various standard characterization techniques. Several salient results for the NSTC particles were obtained using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The size of the particles as well as that of the agglomerates were reduced significantly using the milling process and the results were validated through a scanning electron microscope. The crystallite size and crystallinity were found to be ~35nm and 10.42%, respectively. The direct bandgap value of 5.93eV and good optical conductivity at 786 nm were obtained from the ultra violet visible spectroscopy measurements. The thermal analysis reveals the presence of a substantial amount of carbon, the rate of maximum weight loss, and the two stages of phase transformation. The FT-Raman confirms the presence of carboxyl groups and a ID/IG ratio of 0.83. Water contact angle around 140° on the surface implies the highly hydrophobic nature of the material and its low surface energy. This characteristic process assists to obtain a sustainable nanomaterial from waste tyres, contributing to the development of a smart building material.