• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.38 no.12
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• pp.1184-1194
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• 2010

The descent and ascent phases for a lunar lander are composed of several phases. Accordingly, the constraints and control values adequate for each phase are required in order to generate optimal lander's trajectory. The optimal trajectories for descent and ascent phases are generated by the cost function to minimize fuel consumption & attitude variation rates. In this paper, the optimal control problem to make trajectory uses Gauss pseudo-spectral method which is one of the direct approach method. This problem generates lander's reference trajectory, states and controls.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.198-209
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• 1996

In this paper, we present an image compression algorithm that is capable of significantly reducing the vast mount of information contained in multispectral images. The developed algorithm exploits the spectral and spatial correlations found in multispectral images. The scheme encodes the difference between images after contrast/brightness equalization to remove the spectral redundancy, and utilizes a two-dimensional wavelet trans-form to remove the spatial redundancy. The transformed images are than encoded by hilbert-curve scanning and run-length-encoding, followed by huffman coding. We also present the performance of the proposed algorithm with KITSAT-1 image as well as the LANDSAT MultiSpectral Scanner data. The loss of information is evaluated by peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and classification capability.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.408-415
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• 2011

The moon landing is composed of the de-orbit descent phase, powered descent phase, and the powered descent phase is divide into 3-sub phase of the braking, approach, final landing phase. In this paper, the lunar lander perform landing control using 3-sub phase of optimal trajectory. First, generate the reference trajectory using gauss pseudo-spectral method. Thereafter generate PID controller using altitude and velocity error in each direction. Finally the lunar lander landing system constitute using the Simulink of Matlab, and perform simulation.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.48-59
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• 1996

The numerical step in the unsteady viscous flow analysis can be divided in the space analysis step satisfying continuity equation and the time marching step. In this study the spectral method is applied to solve the pressure Poisson equation in the space analysis step. If the highest order differential term of the pressure Poisson equation is transformed by Fourier series, pressure arid its first derivatives can be expressed by the integral form of Fourier series. So Gibb's phenomena can be eliminated and the spectral method can be applied to non-periodic problems. The numerical analysis of unsteady viscous flow around 2-dimensional circular cylinder and wing is carried out and compared for verification.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.82.1-82.1
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• 2019

Recent analyses of spectro-images of Saturn observed by Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS)/Cassini revealed altitudinal distributions of the spectral structure of haze in Saturn's south-polar regions (Kim et al., 2018) and at $55^{\circ}N$ latitude (Kim et al., 2012). However, other regions of Saturn still have not been investigated. We derived series of high-spatial resolution VIMS images of Saturn's limb at various latitudes. Using our developed code, the altitudinal intensity profiles of $3.3-{\mu}m$ emission and H3+ through different latitudes were plotted. Then we obtained the averaged vertical spectra of $3.3-{\mu}m$ emission which is all blended with fluorescent methane and hydrocarbon haze. The vertically-resolved spectra were measured from the limb of Saturn in 50km intervals to see altitudinal variance. We will present a comparison of spectral structures of $3.3-{\mu}m$ emission with different latitudes. Further investigation using radiative transfer to extract adjacent fluorescent CH4, C2H6, and H3+ is needed to derive spectral structure of pure haze. We look forward to a better understanding of aging process in a global view.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.487-498
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• 2009

We observed Comet Machholz (C/2004Q2) using the BOES (BOao Echelle Spectograph) at the Bohyunsan Observatory on January 4, 2005. We have studied a wavelength range of $4800{\sim}8100{\AA}$ in order to investigate unidentified spectral lines in the high-resolution spectra of Machholz. We compared the Machholz spectra with the high-resolution spectra of previous comets: Swift-Tuttle, Brorsen-Metcalf, Austin, and 122P/de Vico. We identified many molecular lines, which are previously unknown; and these identifications will be useful information for studying high-resolution spectra of future comets.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.359-370
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• 1997

In this paper we get the Morava K-theory of the double loop spaces of quarternionic Stiefel manifolds for an odd prime p by computing the Atiyah - Hirzebruch spectral sequence. We also get the homology with Z/(p) coefficients and analyze p torsion in the homology with Z coefficients.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.603-617
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• 1997

Consider a Sobolev inner product on the space of polynomials such as $$ \phi(p,q) = \lambda p(c)q(c) + <\tau,p'(x)q'(x)> $$ where $\tau$ is a moment functional and c and $\lambda$ are real constants. We investigate properties of orthogonal polynomials relative to $\phi(\cdot,\cdot)$ and give necessary and sufficient conditions under which such Sobolev orthogonal polynomials satisfy a spectral type differential equation with polynomial coefficients.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.1203-1223
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• 2011

In this paper, the authors investigate the structure of operators similar to normaloid and transloid operators. In particular, we characterize the interior of the set of operators similar to normaloid (transloid, respectively) operators. This gives a concise spectral condition to determine when an operator is similar to a normaloid or transloid operator. Also it is proved that any Hilbert space operator has a compact perturbation with transloid property. This is used to give a negative answer to a problem posed by W. Y. Lee, concerning Weyl's theorem.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.1129-1135
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• 2011

In this note, we prove that every subscalar operator with finite spectrum is algebraic. In particular, a quasi-nilpotent subscala operator is nilpotent. We also prove that every subscalar operator with property (${\delta}$) on a Banach space of dimension greater than 1 has a nontrivial invariant closed linear subspace.