• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.629-637
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• 2018

In recent years, selection of strong ground motion records by means of intensity measures representing the spectral shape of the earthquake excitation has been studied by many researchers. These studies indicate the adequacy of this record selection approach in reduction of the scattering of seismic responses. In present study, this method has been studied more in depth to reveal the sufficiency of the spectral shape in predicting structural seismic responses such as the plastic deformation and the dissipated hysteresis energy which are associated with cumulative properties of the selected records. For this purpose, after selecting the records based on the spectral shape, the correlation of some seismic responses and strong ground motion duration of earthquake records are explored. Findings indicate strong correlation of some structural responses with the significant duration of the records. This fact implies that the spectral shape could not reflect all characteristics of the strong ground motion and emphasizes the importance of additional criteria along with the spectral shape in the record selection.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2016

This study suggests a prediction model of ground motion spectral shape considering characteristics of earthquake records in Korea. Based on the Graizer and Kalkan's prediction procedure, a spectral shape model is defined as a continuous function of period in order to improve the complex problems of the conventional models. The approximate spectral shape function is then developed with parameters such as moment magnitude, fault distance, and average shear velocity of independent variables. This paper finally determines estimator coefficients of subfunctions which explain the corelation among the independent variables using the nonlinear optimization. As a result of generating the prediction model of ground motion spectral shape, the ground motion spectral shape well estimates the response spectrum of earthquake recordings in Korea.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.551-562
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• 2021

In this study, the generalized intensity measure (IM) named I_Npg is analyzed. The recently proposed proxy of the spectral shape named N_pg is the base of this intensity measure, which is similar to the traditional N_p based on the spectral shape in terms of pseudo-acceleration; however, in this case the new generalized intensity measure can be defined through other types of spectral shapes such as those obtained with velocity, displacement, input energy, inelastic parameters and so on. It is shown that this IM is able to increase the efficiency in the prediction of nonlinear behavior of structures subjected to earthquake ground motions. For this work, the efficiency of two particular cases (based on acceleration and velocity) of the generalized I_Npg to predict the peak floor acceleration demands on steel frames under 30 earthquake ground motions with respect to the traditional spectral acceleration at first mode of vibration Sa(T₁) is compared. Additionally, a 3D reinforced concrete building and an irregular steel frame is used as a basis for comparison. It is concluded that the use of velocity and acceleration spectral shape increase the efficiency to predict peak floor accelerations in comparison with the traditional and most used around the world spectral acceleration at first mode of vibration.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.325-342
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• 2023

The damping modification factor (DMF) is used to modify the 5%-damped response spectrum to produce spectral values that correspond to other necessary damping ratios for seismic design. The DMF has been the subject of numerous studies, and it has been discovered that seismological parameters like magnitude and distance can have an impact on it. However, DMF formulations incorporating these seismological parameters cannot be directly applied to seismic design because these parameters are not specified in the present seismic codes. The goal of this study is to develop a formulation for the DMF that can be directly applied in seismic design and that takes the effects of magnitude, distance, and site conditions into account. To achieve this goal, 16660 ground motions with magnitudes ranging from 4 to 9 and epicentral distances ranging from 10 to 200 km are used to systematically study the effects of magnitude, distance, and site conditions on the DMF. Furthermore, according to the knowledge that magnitude and distance affect the DMF primarily by changing the spectral shape, a spectral shape factor is adopted to reflect influences of magnitude and distance, and a new formulation for the DMF incorporating the spectral shape factor is developed. In comparison to the current formulations, the proposed formulation provides a more accurate prediction of the DMF and can be employed directly in seismic design.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.573-575
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• 2003

In satellite spectra, Though the magnitude varies with intensity of sunstroke, dip angle of land so on, the shape is less deformed with these effects. from this point of view, we have developed a spectral shape-dependent analysis utilizing a normalization procedure by the spectral integral and applied it to Landsat/TM spectra. Inevitable topographic and atmospheric effects can be suppressed. The correction algorithm is very simple and timesaving and the suppression of topographic effects is especially effective. Normalized band 4 is almost linear to NDVI values, and is available to the vegetation index.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.7-14
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• 2006

Detection and identification of targets from remotely sensed imagery are of great interest for civilian and military application. This paper presents an algorithm for target detection in high spatial resolution imagery based on the spectral and the dimensional characteristics of the reference target. In this algorithm, the spectral and the dimensional information of the reference target is extracted automatically from the sample image of the reference target. Then in the entire image, the candidate target pixels are extracted based on the spectral characteristics of the reference target. Finally, groups of candidate pixels which form isolated spatial objects of similar size to that of the reference target are extracted as detected targets. The experimental test results showed that even though the algorithm detected spatial objects which has different shape as targets if the spectral and the dimensional characteristics are similar to that of the reference target, it could detect 97.5% of the targets in the image. Using hyperspectral image and utilizing the shape information are expected to increase the performance of the proposed algorithm.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.344-349
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• 2005

The axially moving thin beam-plates exposed to sudden thermal loadings may experience severe vibrations through the thermal shock process. For accurate prediction of the thermal shock-induced vibrations, this paper develops a spectral element model for axially moving thermoelastic beam-plates. The spectral element model which is represented by spectral element matrix is formulated from the frequency-dependent dynamic shape functions which satisfy the governing equations in the frequency-domain. Thus, when compared with the classical finite element model in which simple polynomial functions are used as the shape functions, the spectral element model can provide exact solution by treating a whole uniform structure member as a single finite element, regardless of its length.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2006

Detection and identification of targets from remotely sensed imagery are of great interest for civilian and military application. This paper presents an algorithm for target detection in high spatial resolution imagery based on the spectral and the dimensional characteristics of the reference target. In this algorithm, the spectral and the dimensional information of the reference target is extracted automatically from the sample image of the reference target. Then in the entire image, the candidate target pixels are extracted based on the spectral characteristics of the reference target. Finally, groups of candidate pixels which form isolated spatial objects of similar size to that of the reference target are extracted as detected targets. The experimental test results showed that even though the algorithm detected spatial objects which has different shape as targets if the spectral and the dimensional characteristics are similar to that of the reference target, it could detect 97.5% of the targets in the image. Using hyperspectral image and utilizing the shape information are expected to increase the performance of the proposed algorithm.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.394-404
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 너울성파랑을 정의하기 위한 첫 단계로 확률모의실험을 통해 파랑스펙트럼 첨두모수 $Q_p$, 주파수폭대역 모수 ${\varepsilon}$, 파랑스펙트럼 폭 모수 ${\nu}$의 특성들을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 유의파고 및 첨두주기의 결합확률 밀도함수를 새롭게 유도한 후, MCMC(Markov Chain Monte Carlo)기법을 이 함수에 적용하여 가상의 유의파고 및 첨두주기를 생성하였다. 그리고, 이 때 생성된 파랑자료들을 파랑스펙트럼모형에 적용하여 각각에 대한 파랑스펙트럼 형상모수들을 산정한 다음, 각각의 파랑자료들과 파랑스펙트럼 형상모수들의 상관관계 계수를 산정하는 방법으로 각 파랑스펙트럼 형상모수의 특성들을 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면, 파랑스펙트럼 형상모수 중 파랑스펙트럼 첨두모수가 유의파고 및 첨두주기에 관계없이 파랑스펙트럼의 뾰족한 정도를 잘 나타내고 있었는데, 이러한 특성은 후포 및 울릉도 파랑관측자료에서도 동일하게 나타나고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 너울성파랑 정의를 위한 대표적인 파랑스펙트럼 형상모수로 파랑스펙트럼 첨두모수를 사용하는 것이 가장 적절한 것으로 보인다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.529-540
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• 2018

The influences of initial damage paths and aftershock (AS) spectral shape on the assessment of AS collapse fragility are investigated. To do this, a four-story ductile reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure is employed as the study case. The far-field earthquake records recommended by FEMA P695 are used as AS ground motions. The AS incremental dynamic analyses are performed for the damaged structure. To examine the effect of initial damage paths, a total of six kinds of initial damage paths are adopted to simulate different initial damage states of the structure by pushover analysis and dynamic analysis. For the pushover-based initial damage paths, the structure is "pushed" using either uniform or triangle lateral load pattern to a specified damage state quantified by the maximum inter-story drift ratio. Among the dynamic initial damage paths, one single mainshock ground motion or a suite of mainshock ground motions are used in the incremental dynamic analyses to generate a specified initial damage state to the structure. The results show that the structure collapse capacity is reduced as the increase of initial damage, and the initial damage paths show a significant effect on the calculated collapse capacities of the damaged structure (especially at severe damage states). To account for the effect of AS spectral shape, the AS collapse fragility can be adjusted at different target values of ${\varepsilon}$ by using the linear correlation model between the collapse capacity (in term of spectral intensity) and the AS ${\varepsilon}$ values, and coefficients of this linear model is found to be associated with the initial damage states.