• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1154-1154
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• 2001

Near infra-red (NIR) spectroscopy has been used for the non-invasive assessment of intact fruit for eating quality attributes such as total soluble solids (TSS) content. However, little information is available in the literature with respect to the robustness of such calibration models validated against independent populations (however, see Peiris et al. 1998 and Guthrie et al. 1998). Many studies report ‘prediction’ statistics in which the calibration and prediction sets are subsets of the same population (e. g. a three year calibration validated against a set from the same population, Peiris et al. 1998; calibration and validation subsets of the same initial population, Guthrie and Walsh 1997 and McGlone and Kawano 1998). In this study, a calibration was developed across 84 melon fruit (R$^2$= 0.86$^{\circ}$Brix, SECV = 0.38$^{\circ}$Brix), which predicted well on fruit excluded from the calibration set but taken from the same population (n = 24, SEP = 0.38$^{\circ}$Brix with 0.1$^{\circ}$Brix bias), relative to an independent group (same variety and farm but different harvest date) (n = 24, SEP= 0.66$^{\circ}$ Brix with 0.1$^{\circ}$Brix bias). Prediction on a different variety, different growing district and time was worse (n = 24, SEP = 1.2$^{\circ}$Brix with 0.9$^{\circ}$Brix bias). Using an ‘in-line’ unit based on a silicon diode array spectrometer, as described in Walsh et al. (2000), we collected spectra from fruit populations covering different varieties, growing districts and time. The calibration procedure was optimized in terms of spectral window, derivative function and scatter correction. Performance of a calibration across new populations of fruit (different varieties, growing districts and harvest date) is reported. Various calibration sample selection techniques (primarily based on Mahalanobis distances), were trialled to structure the calibration population to improve robustness of prediction on independent sets. Optimization of calibration population structure (using the ISI protocols of neighbourhood and global distances) resulted in the elimination of over 50% of the initial data set. The use of the ISI Local Calibration routine was also investigated.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1181-1181
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• 2001

Robinson with ${coworkers}^{1}$ have introduced two-state outer-neighbor bonding model to explain the anomalies of water. The studies on the properties of water as a function of temperature and pressure revealed that, unlike other ideas, all $H_2O$ molecules in liquid are tetrabonded. On the average they are forming two different bonding types. One type is the regular tetrahedral water-water bonding similar to that found in the ordinary ice Ih, whereas the other is a more dense nonregular tetrahedral bonding similar to that appearing in the ice II. The transformation between these two bonding forms is evidenced by FT-NIR experiment. The FT-NIR measurements were done for liquid water in the temperature range from $20^{\circ}C$ up to $80^{\circ}C$ in a wide extent of frequencies: 12 000 - 4000 $cm^{-1}$ /. Temperature dependent variations in the volume fraction of these two structures are directly related to the spectral changes. The absorbance variations are explored by means of the two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS), principal component analysis (PCA), curve fitting and second derivatives. The presence of the isosbestic points in a range of the combination and overtone transitions indicates that the experimental spectra are a superposition of two temperature independent components. One component of diminishing intensity with temperature increase, is assigned to a stronger hydrogen bonds occurred in the Ih type, whereas the second component showing an opposite behavior, one can attribute to a weaker H-bonds characteristic for the II type. The understanding of the hydrogen bonding network in the liquid water is very important in interpretation of the interaction between water and protein chain. The two-state model of water surrounding the protein surface could advance an understanding of the hydration process.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.228-236
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• 2011

The ${\Delta}\;V_{10}$ or 10-Hz flicker index, as a common method of measurement of voltage flicker severity in power systems, requires a high computational cost and a large amount of memory. In this paper, for measuring the ${\Delta}\;V_{10}$ index, a new method based on the Adaline (adaptive linear neuron) system, the FFT (fast Fourier transform), and the PSO (particle swarm optimization) algorithm is proposed. In this method, for reducing the sampling frequency, calculations are carried out on the envelope of a power system voltage that contains a flicker component. Extracting the envelope of the voltage is implemented by the Adaline system. In addition, in order to increase the accuracy in computing the flicker components, the PSO algorithm is used for reducing the spectral leakage error in the FFT calculations. Therefore, the proposed method has a lower computational cost in FFT computation due to the use of a smaller sampling window. It also requires less memory since it uses the envelope of the power system voltage. Moreover, it shows more accuracy because the PSO algorithm is used in the determination of the flicker frequency and the corresponding amplitude. The sensitivity of the proposed method with respect to the main frequency drift is very low. The proposed algorithm is evaluated by simulations. The validity of the simulations is proven by the implementation of the algorithm with an ARM microcontroller-based digital system. Finally, its function is evaluated with real-time measurements.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2009

The growing application and the numerous qualities of induction motors (1M) in industrial processes that require high security and reliability levels has led to the development of multiple methods for early fault detection. However, various faults can occur, such as stator short-circuits and rotor failures. Traditionally the diagnosis machine is done through a sinusoidal power supply, in the present paper we study experimentally the effects of the rotor failures, such as broken rotor bars in function of the ac supplying, the load and show the impact of the converter from diagnosis of the machine. The technique diagnosis used is based on the spectral analysis of stator currents or stator voltages respectively according to the types of induction motor ac supplying. So, four different ac supplying are considered: ${\odot}$ the IM is directly by the balanced three-phase network voltage source, ${\odot}$ the IM is fed by a sinusoidal current source given the controlled by hysteresis, ${\odot}$ the IM is fed (in open loop) by a scalar control imposing through ratio V/f=constant, ${\odot}$ the IM is controlled through a vector control using space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique inverter with an outer speed loop.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2003

발사체의 구조해석적인 측면에서 외부하중에 따른 발사체의 반응을 파악하는 것은 중요한 일이다. 기본적으로 발사체는 응력집중이나 내부 모듈간의 변위 간섭 등이 일어나지 않게 설계되어야한다. 이를 위해서는 외부하중에 관한 연구가 선행되어야 한다. 발사체에 작용하는 외부하중 중 연소 및 배기에 의해 발생하는 음향하중은 통계적 방법으로 다루어야 하는 랜덤 하중이다. 본 연구에서는 발사시 작용하는 음향하중에 대하여 하중 함수를 구성하고, 이를 이용하여 발사체의 하중해석을 수행하였다. 음원 할당 방법으로 음향하중을 추정하여 하중함수를 구성하였고, 이를 발사체의 유한요소 모델에 적용하였다. 응력해석을 이용하여 발사체의 구조 강성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 발사체 각 섹션의 경계면에서의 가속도 파워 스펙트럴 밀도함수를 구할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 이용하여 각 섹션의 진동 시험에 필요한 스펙을 도출할 수 있다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2015

Laser acupuncture is defined as the stimulation of traditional acupuncture points with low-intensity, nonthermal laser irradiation. Possible advantages in using laser acupuncture are the noninvasive, painless and low risks of infection treatment. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of laser acupuncture on the quality and waveform of arterial pulses. Ten acupuncture points were stimulated repeatedly three times in 30 individuals by laser with emission in the near infrared spectral region (808 nm) using an out power and power density of 45 mW and $143W/cm^2$. The analysis of pulse quality and waveform was performed based on the measurement of arterial pressure of the left and right wrist, using a 3-dimensional blood pressure pulse analyzer. Excess-like pulse quality of subjects before laser acupuncture changed significantly to balanced pulse quality after 10, 20, and 30 minutes of laser acupuncture; coefficient of deficient or excess, $C_{DE}$, decreased significantly from 0.68 before acupuncture to 0.61, 0.55, and 0.55 after 10, 20, 30 minutes of laser acupuncture ($$p{\leq_-}0.006$$), respectively. Other pulse qualities, floating or sinking, slow or rapid, choppy or slippery did not change significantly by laser acupuncture (p > 0.05). Pulse waveform analysis showed that amplitude of main peak (systolic function or aortic compliance, $h_1$) of left and right artery pulse waves decreased significantly after 10, 20, and 30 minutes of laser acupuncture (p < 0.05). Other parameters, duration of one cardiac cycle (T), duration of rapid systolic ejection ($T_1$), duration of the systolic phase ($T_4$), and duration of the diastolic phase ($T_5$) of left and right artery pulses did not change significantly after laser acupuncture (p > 0.05).

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.163-177
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• 1988

세포막을 구성하고 있는 지질의 물리학적 성상이 단백질의 세포막 속으로의 삽입과정 및 단백질의 기능에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 골격근의 근세망(SR)으로부터 $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ 단백질을 분리한 후 이를 세포막의 주 구성성분인 포스파티딜콜린(PC)과 포스파티딜에타노라민(PE)의 혼합지질과 재조합(reconstitution)시켰다. 이와같이 인공적으로 재조합된 구조물에서 $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$의 기능을 측정하기 위하여 칼슘지시색소인 아르세나죠III(AIII)를 이용한 분광방법과 방사선동위원소를 이용한 여과법으로 칼슘흡수율을 측정하였고 또한 ATP 가수분해 능력을 측정하였다. 실험결과 칼슘의 흡수율은 포스파티딜코린의 함량이 많은 혼합지질과 재조합시킬 때에 증가하였고, ATP 가수분해 능력은 포스파티딜함량이 25%까지는 포스타피딜코린의 양에 비례하여 증가하였으나 50%이상에서는 약간 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 한편 지질세포막속으로 단백질이 삽입되는 양은 포스파티딜 함량이 25%일 때 최고의 값을 보였으며 함량이 그 이하 또는 이상일 때는 감소하였다. 이상의 실험결과로보아 단백질의 기능은 세포막이 "bilayer" 구조를 갖출때에 증가하고 세포막속으로 단백질이 삽입되는 양은 세포막이 "non-bilayer" 구조를 형성할 때에 증가함을 알 수 있다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권2A호
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• pp.110-118
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• 2006

본 논문의 part-I에서는 연속 및 분산의 두 가지 부채널 구조에 대해 부채널 상에서의 SNR분포를 라이스 분포로 모델링하고 이의 통계적 속성을 살펴보았다. 이번 Part에서는 직교 주파수분할 다중접속 시스템의 하향링크 전송을 위해 두 라이스 파라미터를 CQI정보로 이용하는 일반화된 2단계 자원할당 알고리즘을 제시하고 각 부채널 구조에 대해 시스템의 평균 주파수 효율 성능을 분석한다. 연속 부채널 구조의 경우 부채널 대역폭은 시스템 설계의 핵심적인 파라마터로서 이에 따른 주파수 효율 성능의 변화에 초점을 두고 분석을 수행하였다. 수치적인 분석결과에 의하면 연속 부채널 구조에서 부채널 대역폭이 채널 coherence 대역폭보다 작은 경우 정상적인 다중 사용자 이득(multiuser diversity gain)을 얻을 수 있으나 부채널의 대역폭이 채널 coherence 대역폭보다 커지면서 이득은 점차 줄어든다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.137-149
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• 1973

중성자 방사화 및 방사능 계측에 관계하는 핵데타를 세밀히 연구검토하여 망간을 불순물로 함유하고 있는 철선을 단일비교체로 한 중성자 방사화분석법을 발전시켰다. 유효반응 단면적의 변화를 원자로 내부 스펙트럽의 열외 중성자의 비율과 같은 스펙트럼 지표 및 그 외 다른 변수의 함수로 검토하였으며 조사위치에서 중성자 스펙트럽의 변위로 생기는 오차를 토의하였다. 각원소의 이미 아는양을 취하여 단일비교체와 함께 조사한 다음 본법에 의해서 그 함량을 산출하여서 원래 취한 양과 비교하였다. 그 결과 우연오차는 일반적인 비교법으로 얻은 오차보다 크지 않았으나 계통적 오차는 대략 20%이내였다. 본법을 모나자이트 중에 함유된 14개 희토류 원소의 정량과 표준배추시료 중에 있는 다른 7개의 원소정량에 적용하였다. 그 결과 분석치는 만족할만한 재현성을 나타내었으며 종래의 비교법으로 얻을 수 있는 정도의 정착성으로 이들 원소를 분석할 수 있었다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1633-1649
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• 2017

In remote sensing image processing, the traditional fusion algorithm is based on the Intensity-Hue-Saturation (IHS) transformation. This method does not take into account the texture or spectrum information, spatial resolution and statistical information of the photos adequately, which leads to spectrum distortion of the image. Although traditional solutions in such application combine manifold methods, the fusion procedure is rather complicated and not suitable for practical operation. In this paper, an improved IHS transformation fusion algorithm based on the local variance weighting scheme is proposed for remote sensing images. In our proposal, firstly, the local variance of the SPOT (which comes from French "Systeme Probatoire d'Observation dela Tarre" and means "earth observing system") image is calculated by using different sliding windows. The optimal window size is then selected with the images being normalized with the optimal window local variance. Secondly, the power exponent is chosen as the mapping function, and the local variance is used to obtain the weight of the I component and match SPOT images. Then we obtain the I' component with the weight, the I component and the matched SPOT images. Finally, the final fusion image is obtained by the inverse Intensity-Hue-Saturation transformation of the I', H and S components. The proposed algorithm has been tested and compared with some other image fusion methods well known in the literature. Simulation result indicates that the proposed algorithm could obtain a superior fused image based on quantitative fusion evaluation indices.