• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was investigated consumers' and optometrists' perception about spectacle frame in Busan and Ulsan to find on the right progress direction for conversion of spectacle frame into medical devices. Methods: 137 consumers surveyed in Busan and Ulsan and 100 optometrist surveyed in 'Busan continuing education of optometrist' filled in a questionnaire, then we compared and analyzed the results. Results: The 79% (108 people) of consumers and 94% (94 people) of optometrists agreed to conversion into medical devices of spectacle frame. The reason was shown that the consumer expected to improve the optometrist reliability and the optometrist expected to improve the optometrist professionalism. While, the 21% (29 people) consumer and 6% (6 people) optometrist opposed to conversion of spectacle frame into medical devices. The reason was revealed that the consumers were concerned about increase of medical insurance cost and the optometrists were concerned about that the spectacle frames can also be sold by medical device stores, not only by optical shops. Conclusions: The result of the survey was shown that the most of consumers and optometrists in Busan and Ulsan agreed on perception toward a conversion of spectacle frame into medical devices. But, we are considered that consumers' and optometrists' active attention and support are needed, with sequential implementation reflecting the concerns for this.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.181-186
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• 2000

This study has been implemented to identify the level of satisfaction of the Glass spectacle wearers on various services being given by optical shop workers and help them to provide services of higher quality to the spectacle wearers. The objectives of this study are the spectacle wearers who visited to the 5 Designated optical shops located in Seoul area. All the data has been collected for the 2 months period (Oct. 1 through Dec. 1. 1999.) By using structured, self-described research form. All the collected data were 250 copies in total but evaluated 222 copies only as we excluded 28 copies which has uncertain reply/contents. Major results are as follows: 1. The proportions of objectives by sex was male 54.1%, female 45.9% and by Academic career was University graduates 35.1%, High school graduates 32.4%. 2. The factors impects on the satisfaction level of spectacle wearers were the Employee's service and the status of frame. 3. the factors impacts on the intention for revisit the optical shops were facility status, the responsiveness on wearer s opinion and the employee s services. The factors impect the wearers to build up intention to recommend the visited optical Shops to the 3rd costomer were employee s services, the status of frames, the facility Status and the price level they paid. Considering the results of this study above mentioned, in order to raise up the satisfaction level of glass spectacle wearers, it s thought that the employee (optician) of optical shops have to well acquainted fluent knowledge on the glass spectacles and detailed to the spectacle wearers in a gentle manner and let them build up the reliabily.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.435-443
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• 2015

Purpose. This study was to investigate comparison of the near eye position according to the spectacle and contact lens wearing. Methods. We measured the AC/A ratio and near horizontal phoria using modified Thorington method in each case spectacle and contact lens wearing of equivalent spherical power after measuring the full corrected diopter for 20 subjects (men 5, woman 15, $21.15{\pm}1.35$ years) without specific ocular diseases, ocular surgery experience and vision anomalies. Results. It was shown high correlation between spectacle and contact lens wearing as AC/A ratio is a correlation coefficient 0.99 (p=0.00), near horizontal phoria is a correlation coefficient 0.95 (p=0.00). And contact lens wearing increased as AC/A ratio by $0.32{\pm}1.35$ ${\Delta}/D$ (p=0.31) and near horizontal phoria by $-0.17{\pm}2.18$ ${\Delta}$ (p=0.73) than spectacle wearing but there was no statistically significant difference. As the higher myopic grade AC/A ratio increased and then was shown decreased tendency in -6.00 D < $SED{\leq}-4.00$ D group (p>0.05) and as the higher myopic grade near exophoria increased but there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusions. We should consider that the subjects who had the lower AC/A ratio or higher near exophoria in -6.00 D < $SED{\leq}-4.00$ D group were necessary to measure AC/A ratio and near horizontal phoria when they were wearing contact lens because contact lens wearing tended to increase the near exophoria than spectacle wearing.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.403-410
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• 2012

Purpose: The purposes of this study are to investigate accommodative response among emmetropes, spectacle wearer and contact lens wearer, and correlation between refractive error and accommodative respons for each group. Methods: The 72 subjects(144 eyes) who do not have any ocular diseases were participate in this study. Subjects were categorized into emmetropes, spectacle wearer and contact lens wearer by refractive error using closed-field auto-refractometer. We measured dominant eye, naked/habitual visual acuity and refractive error of monocular/binocular vision of refractive error for far/near distance with open-field auto-refractometer and calculated accommodative lag. Results: There were no significant difference of accommodative lag between right and left eye dominant and non-dominant eye, monocular and binocular vision, and spectacle lens wearer and contact lens wearer, However the accommodative lag of binocular vision was severe than monocular vision at near. The lag of myopia was larger than emmetropes, and male was larger than female. Significant correlation was found between refractive error and accommodative lag in total subjects and the same result was found in emmetropes and contact lens wearer. However there were no significant correlation in the spectacle wearer. Conclusions: There were significant difference between emmetrops and myopes in terms of accommodative lag, however accommodative lag of spectacle wearer was not different with contact lens wearer in myopes. There were also significant correlation between refractive error and accommodative lag in emmetropes and contact lens wearer, but the accommodative lag of spectacle wearer was not significantly correlated with refractive error.

• Journal of Korean Theatre Studies Association
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• no.40
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• pp.125-162
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• 2010

This is the study on the 'Theater State' in the Daehan Empire of the Emperor Gochung in the late 1900 with the theatrical concepts of cultural performance theory which has been useful for investigating historical, social, and cultural collective memories and their transformation mechanism in the society. The performance theory is based in the notion, '$Performativit{\ddot{a}}t$', by which the performance can contain vary performance forms. $Performativit{\ddot{a}}t$ is the notion which points up the certain process that can cause the perceptional emotion communication to the performers and audiences in the performance. The spectacle of a society is also understood and presupposed by the $Performativit{\ddot{a}}t$. Generally speaking, the spectacle has been used of explaining the visual cultural experiences in society. Fundamentally, spectacle had resulted from the latin 'spectaculum', which was used to designate theatrical representation in France. In the case of movie, spectacle was the grand show with showy technological attractions. The spectacle have been to show the political and socio-historical relationships in a society. But in my study, I want to start the premise that the cultural performance planed by the Emperor Gochung in the Daehan Empire has the attribute of 'theater state', which can awaken the certain collective emotion to connect the Emperor and his people in the Daehan Empire period of the Emperor Gochung of the late 1900. In addition to it, I search for the historical collective memories of the Daehan Empire. The government of the Daehan Empire was continuing with its efforts to enforce and recollect the imperial images and authority of the Emperor and his Empire to get the approval of the people and international society. The effect of spectacle consisting of theater state was the concrete effort to establish the collective memories of the Daehan Empire by remodelling and rebuilding the Seoul, the capital of the Empire and performing the national ceremony such as the korean pagent(Gae-Dung거둥) and parade to set the portrait of the Emperor(A-Jin어진), the geo-body of the Empire.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.111-114
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• 2001

This paper presents the influence of the additive composition on flexural strength and hardness of SiC-TiC composites materials for spectacle lens cutting materials. The materials were hot-pressed at $1800^{\circ}C$ and subsequently annealed at $1910^{\circ}C$ for 3h. The heating rate was $15^{\circ}C/min$ and the cooling rate about $25^{\circ}C/min$ in from the sintering temperature to $1300^{\circ}C$. The growth of particles of spectacle lens cutting materials was analysed by SEM and crystalline phases were discussed by x-ray diffractometry. Typical fracture toughness and hardness of materials for spectacle lens cutting were $6.1MPa{\cdot}m^{1/2}$ and 14.9 GPa, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.33-37
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• 2009

Purpose: To examine the coloring condition of titanium spectacle frames with various colors by using anodization method. Methods: We made an anodization coater. Platinum plate with $3{\times}3cm^2$ was used for a cathode and titanium spectacle frame specimens was mounted on an anode in an electrolyte. An electric source device were designed to supply steady state current. The color of the coated spectacle frame specimens were measured by a spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere. We use CIE $L^*a^*b$ color system as chromaticity coordinates. Results: The thickness of $TiO_2$ of titanium spectacle frame specimens was varied as controlling current flow time for electrodes. The specimens with various kinds of color as a walnut, a yellow brown, a navy blue, a blue, a light blue, a mung bean, a yellowish green, a light purple, a purple, a flower pink, a bluish green, an emerald, and a green color etc. were obtained. The values of CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ for these specimens were measured and analyzed to be changed clockwise in chromaticity coordinates as the thickness of $TiO_2$ increases. Conclusions: We identified the coloring mechanism by anodization method in titanium spectacle frame specimens.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2015

Purpose: The accuracy for measuring the refractive power of hydrogel contact lenses by spectacle lens holder and contact lens holder was evaluated. The accuracy for each sample was also analyzed with water content and diopter categories. Methods: The hydrogel contact lenses used for measurement were classified into three categories in water content (38%, 43%, 58%). Also, three diopter categories of refractive power were used such as -3.000 D, -7.000 D, -10.000 D. And also, the reliability of measurement results were evaluated by measuring refractive power with spectacle lens holder and contact lens holder using an Manual lensmeter. Results: In case of spectacle lens holder method, the average value of refractive power was -3.3273D for -3.0000 D, -7.1306 D for -7.0000 D and -10.2944 D for -10.0000 D, respectively. In case of contact lens holder method, the average value of refractive power was -3.1060 D for -3.0000 D, -7.0028 D for -7.0000 D and -10.2611 D for -10.0000 D, respectively. In measurement of all diopters, the accuracy of contact lens holder method was better than spectacle lens holder method. Conclusions: From these results, it is judged that the refractive power of soft contact lens by manual lensmeter with contact lens holder have a higher accuracy than spectacle lens holder.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.61-67
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the colors of spectacle lenses that would be effective in blocking blue light among various colors so that the damage caused by blue light could be conveniently reduced even in daily life and when filling with dental light-curing resin. Each color dye of orange, brown, gray, yellow, red, and rosa was dissolved in an individual container of a spectacle lens tinting machine, and 6 uncolored spectacle lenses were immersed in a temperature of 90℃ for 1 hour to color. As a result of comparing the blue light transmittance of the colored spectacle lens and the tip for the photopolymerizer, the blue light transmittance of the orange colored lens was 0.82%, and the blue light blocking effssect was the best. Brown and gray tinted lenses had excellent blue light blocking rate, but it was difficult to recognize objects through the lens due to the high tinted concentration, and yellow tinted lenses were found to be effective when the tint was similar to the tip. The blue tinted lens had a blue light transmittance of 15.10%, which was lower than other tinted lenses. The results of the experimental study are expected to be helpful in recognizing the blue light transmittance by spectacle tinted lenses of various colors and making efforts to select the appropriate blue light blocking lens color and block harmful blue light stimuli.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.397-415
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• 2004

This study surveyed differences among KS, ISO, JIS and ANSI ophthalmic spectacle lenses standards. These standards applied to several lenses that were in common currency and we checked over problems and improvements in KS. KS corresponded to ISO, for the most part, and ANSI, partly. But terms, definitions, progressive power lenses standards, UV transmittance and base curves clauses did not exist in KS. There was no differences between nominal data and actual data in important clauses estimation-minimum requirements on refractive power, tolerances on the size of lenses, material and surface quality. But tolerances of thickness, base curves, UV and visible transmittance values were not existing, there were differences among several ophthalmic spectacle lenses in the test of these clauses. These requirements will be needed for better and more comfortable vision.