• Title/Summary/Keyword: spatial proximity

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SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION IN A SMALL HERD OF JAPANESE BLACK CATTLE IN A DRY-LOT

  • Nakanishi, Y.;Mutoh, Y.;Umetsu, R.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.183-188
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    • 1992
  • Behaviour of 7 horned Japanese Black Cattle (3-9 years old) kept in a $450m^2$ dry-lot under loose housing condition was observed in the daytime (0930-1730 h) during 3 consecutive days. Eating and lying behaviour of cattle and the positions of all animals when lying together were recorded at 10-min intervals. Agonistic encounters and social licking interactions in the herd were also recorded. The cattle established a social hierarchy which was near linear. An irregularity in the diurnal rhythm of lying behaviour was found on the 3rd day, which appeared to be caused by oestrus behaviour of a herdmate. Eating frequency showed greater variation among individuals than lying frequency, and the most dominant animal ate most frequently in the herd. The spatial pattern of the herd when lying indicated a relatively loose dispersion in the lot. Higher ranking cattle tended to lie down more frequently near the hay rack in the lot, so that lower ranking animals had more difficult access to feed. Cattle with more social licking interactions had a tendency to lie down near each other irrespective of proximity of social order, therefore it was suggested that social preference among particular individuals occurred in the herd.

A Fixed Grid Based Cache Algorithm for Performance Improvement in Internet Geographic Information System (인터넷 지리 정보 시스템에서의 성능 개선을 위한 고정 그리드 기반의 캐쉬 알고리즘)

  • Moon, Jin-Yong;Koo, Yong-Wan
    • Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.27-34
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    • 2000
  • Recently, the use of Geographic Information System in each field of our society is on the increase according to the development of the Internet. But, thereis a problem of the user access latencies, the network traffic, and the server overload in Internet Geographic Information System because spatial data are transferred in large volumes. In this paper, we propose a cache algorithm on client side to solve the above problems. The proposed algorithm demonstrates the performance improvement over known studies by utilizing unit time and spatial proximity. In addition, this paper conducts a performance evaluation to measure the improvement in algorithm efficiency and analyzes the results of the performance evaluation. When spatial data queries are conducted, according to our performance evaluation, hit rate has been improved over the existing algorithms.

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An Efficient Caching Scheme to Enhance the Response Time of Geospatial Web Services (지리공간 웹 기반 서비스에서 응답시간을 향상시키기 위한 효율적인 캐싱 기법)

  • Moon, Jin-Yong
    • Journal of Digital Contents Society
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.395-400
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    • 2009
  • The wide spread of the Internet service has brought in web GIS development. But, there are problems of the user access latencies, the network traffic, and the server overload in Internet Geographic Information System because spatial data are transferred in large volumes. In this paper, I propose a cache algorithm on client side to solve the above problems. The proposed algorithm demonstrates the performance improvement over known studies by utilizing unit time and spatial proximity. In addition, this paper conducts a performance evaluation to measure the improvement in algorithm efficiency and analyzes the results of the performance evaluation. When spatial data queries are conducted, according to our performance evaluation, hit rate has been improved over the existing algorithms.

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A Study on the Direction of User Participatory Design for School using Socio-Spatial Network Analysis - Focused on the middle and high school in Seoul - (사회-공간 네트워크 분석을 활용한 학교설계 사용자 참여디자인 방향에 관한 연구 - 서울시 중, 고등학교 사례를 중심으로 -)

  • Shin, Doosik;Cho, Tae-Ho;Jeon, Young-Hoon
    • Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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    • v.35 no.10
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    • pp.19-30
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study is to explore ways to efficiently capture the opinions of students who are main users in the planning, planning and design of school facilities. There are many criteria for determining good schools, but in this study, the main purpose of this study was to set up the main users as students, and to analyze the differences between the network and the actual spatial structure (network) created by the hope of students' use of school space, and the direction to overcome the differences. After surveying students' opinions about their satisfaction with school space and their desire to use school space by limiting the survey target to middle and high schools in Seoul, the 'social-space network analysis' was recently established in the social science field. As a result, it was found that the proximity of space and space desired by students in the school varied greatly depending on the geographical conditions, school districts, and the status of the current facilities, and the direction of improvement specialized for each school was found.

The Distribution Structure of the Internet Movie and Spatial Clustering of the Internet Movie Industry (인터넷 영화의 유통구조와 인터넷 영화산업의 공간적 집적화)

  • Lee, Hee-Yeon;Lee, Nan-Kyung
    • Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.107-130
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study were to examine the spatial distribution and locational characteristics of the Internet movie industry, to seize the value chains of the Internet movie industry and distribution structure of the internet movies, and to analyze the vertical-horizontal linkages of the Internet movie firms and their spatial clustering. Recently, the Internet movie industry has developed rapidly due to the development of techniques related to movie contents, the broadband Internet and a wide expansion of the high speed communication network and the increase of demands on movie contents. It has been found that 74$\%$ of the Internet movie industry was concentrated in Seoul. Especially this industry was quite agglomerated in several dongs of Gangnam-gu such as Yoeksam, Nonhyeon, Daechi and Samseung. The proximity of the same or similar business firms was the primary locational factors that influenced on the Internet movie industry, followed by other factors such as convenience of transportation, the reputation of the place, and proximity of technically supporting firms. The Internet movie industry had the valve chain composed of 'contents suppliers $\rightarrow$ contents distributors $\rightarrow$ service providers', However, there were also a complex network of the VOD copyright owner, VOD syndicator, and service providers in each category of the value chain. This research clearly revealed that the localized clustering has been formed with the movie contents providers, technically supporting firms, client firms, and cooperative-affiliated business firms related to the Internet movie industry, Additionally, a very intimate network has been established within the clustering, inducing the enlargement of the market and decrease of costs, the co-sharing of tacit knowledge, and the synergy effect.

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Exploratory Sensitivity Analysis of Environmental Equity to Spatial to Measures (공간척도 유형에 따른 환경적 형평성의 민감도 분석)

  • Jun, Byong-Woon
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.508-521
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    • 2006
  • The results of environmental equity analysis vary dramatically depending on different methods used. The information and data available to the researcher are also often uncertain and imprecise in empirical studies. A sensitivity analysis approach was used too handle uncertainties and methodological inconsistencies in environmental equity analysis. This paper explores the sensitivity of environmental equity analysis to two spatial measures such as proximity and scale. Two experiments were implemented to evaluate the effects of two spatial measures on the environmental equity analysis using a combination of control and experimental factors. Fulton County, Georgia was selected as a case study area for these experiments. Two major data sets including demographic characteristics and toxic release inventory (TRI) database for the study area in 1990 were integrated into a GIS environment. Two statistical analyses such as independent samples t-test and coefficient of variation were performed to determine the environmental equity in the study area and to compare the relative variability in the socioeconomic characteristics of populations over different spatial measures. The findings from two experiments indicate that the outcomes of environmental equity analysis are slightly sensitive to the buffer distance used to determine the impact zones of TRI facilities, but not to the geographic scale used in the analysis. The findings also suggest that the consequences of these choices can alter spatially and statistically the results in environmental equity analysis.

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Landscape Scale Ecosystem Assessment Modelling Using Spatial Pattern Analysis of GIS: A Case Study of Yongin, Korea (GIS 공간유형분석 모형을 이용한 경관 규모 생태계의 평가기법)

  • 손학기;김원주;박종화
    • Spatial Information Research
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.233-241
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    • 2000
  • The objective of this study were to develop landscape scale ecosystem assessment model, and apply the model for the assessment of the state and change of ecosystem of the study area, Yongin, Korea. Since natural ecosystem of the site has been deteriorated significantly during recent extensive residential development, it is essential to correctly assess ecosystem of the study site. Traditional ecosystem assessment mainly utilizing intensive field survey requires high cost, but the outcome rarely represents spatial pattern of the regional ecosystems. Ecosystem assesment of landscape scale based on landscape ecology can resolve most of the shortfalls of the traditional approach. The research method can be summarized as follows. First, extensive literature review on such topics as spatial pattern of ecosystem, ecosystem assessment of landscape scale, ecological analysis was carried out. Second, a model for the ecosystem assessment of landscape scale emphasizing spatial pattern of ecosystem was developed. This model evaluates three indicators; ecological integrity and biological diversity, watershed integrity, and landscape resilience of 11 watersheds in the study area. Finally, ecological assessment utilizing two sets of indicators, enhancement of and disturbance of ecosystem stability, was carried out. This assessment method is based on Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program´s Landscape component(EMAP-L) of EPA(1994). The results of this study are as follows. First, the ecosystem assessment of landscape scale of the study area of Yongin, Korea, showed that escosystems of Tanchun01 and Chungmichun01 watersheds had the worst state in the study site in 1991. On the other hand, the ecosystems of Jinwechun01, Kyunganchun02, and Bokhachun01 watersheds had the most stable ecosystem in 1991. Second, ecosystems of Tanchun01, Shingal reservoir, and Kyunganchun01 watersheds were evaluated to be the worst state in the study site in 1996. And, ecosystems of Jinwechun01 and Gosam reservoir watersheds had the most stable ecosystem. Third, ecosystem of Tanchun01 watershed which incudes Suji residential development project site changed the most drastically between 1991 and 1996. The ecosystem of the watershed the most drastically deteriorated due to it´s proximity to Seoul and Bundang new town.

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Visualizing Geographical Contexts in Social Networks

  • Lee, Yang-Won;Kim, Hyung-Joo
    • Spatial Information Research
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    • v.14 no.4 s.39
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    • pp.391-401
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    • 2006
  • We propose a method for geographically enhanced representation of social networks and implement a Web-based 3D visualization of geographical contexts in social networks. A renovated social network graph is illustrated by using two key components: (i) GWCMs (geographically weighted centrality measures) that reflect the differences in interaction intensity and spatial proximity among nodes and (ii) MSNG (map-integrated social network graph) that incorporates the GWCMs and the geographically referenced arrangement of nodes on a choroplethic map. For the integrated 3D visualization of the renovated social network graph, we employ X3D (Extensible 3D), a standard 3D authoring tool for the Web. An experimental case study of regional R&D collaboration provides a visual clue to geographical contexts in social networks including how the social centralization relates to spatial centralization.

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A Spatial Transformation Scheme Supporting Data Privacy and Query Integrity for Outsourced Databases (아웃소싱 데이터베이스에서 데이터 프라이버시 및 질의 무결성을 지원하는 공간 변환 기법)

  • Kim, Hyeong-Il;Song, Young-Ho;Chang, Jaewoo
    • Journal of KIISE
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    • v.42 no.5
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    • pp.652-663
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    • 2015
  • Due to the popularity of location-based services, the amount of generated spatial data in daily life has been dramatically increasing. Therefore, spatial database outsourcing has become popular for data owners to reduce the spatial database management cost. The most important consideration in database outsourcing is meeting the privacy requirements and guarantying the integrity of the query result. However, most of existing database transformation techniques do not support both of the data privacy and integrity of the query result. To solve this problem, we propose a spatial data transformation scheme that utilizes the shearing transformation with rotation shifting. In addition, we described the attack models to measure the data privacy of database transformation schemes. Finally, we demonstrated through the experimental evaluations that our scheme provides high level of data protection against different kinds of attack models, compared to the existing schemes, while guaranteeing the integrity of the query result sets.

A Study on the Land Market in the Eastern District of Gyeongseong Based on the Spatial Econometrics Analysis (공간계량모형으로 살펴본 경성 동부지역 토지시장 연구)

  • Seulki Yoo;Kyungmin Kim;Jinseok Kim;Jisang Lee
    • Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.617-628
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    • 2022
  • In this study, the land market in Eastern District of Gyeongseong is examined using land price data in the 1920's. For the study, land information in 1927 is constructed as a DB, and a map in 1929 is constructed as a GIS file to realize digitalization of historical data. As a result of the study, it is confirmed that spatial autocorrelation exists, and through spatial econometrics analysis, some factors affecting the modern land market are also valid at that time. The results show that land use and road accessibility have a positive effect on the land market, while the proximity of anchor facilities and educational facilities have a negative effect. This study is meaningful in that it has moved on to a research topic that has been insufficient until now by examining whether the factors operating in the land market in the 21st century are also valid in the land market in the 1920's.