• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.937-946
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• 1995

We proposed and efficient block segmentation and classification method for the document analysis using SGLDM(spatial gray level dependence matrix) and BP (back Propagation) neural network. Seven texture features are extracted directly from the SGLDM of each gray-level block image, and by using the nonlinear classifier of neural network BP, we can classify document blocks into 9 categories. The proposed method classifies the equation block, the table block and the flow chart block, which are mostly composed of the characters, out of the blocks that are conventionally classified as non-character blocks. By applying Sobel operator on the gray-level document image beforebinarization, we can reduce the effect of the background noises, and by using the additional horizontal-vertical smoothing as well as the vertical-horizontal smoothing of images, we can obtain an effective block segmentation that does not lead to the segmentation into small pieces. The result of experiment shows that a document can be segmented and classified into the character blocks of large fonts, small fonts, the character recognigible candidates of tables, flow charts, equations, and the non-character blocks of photos, figures, and graphs.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.57-70
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to analyse the landslide susceptibility and the future hazard in Inje, Korea using probability rainfalls and artificial neural network (ANN) environment based on geographic information system (GIS). Data for rainfall probability, topography, and geology were collected, processed, and compiled in a spatial database using GIS. Deokjeok-ri that had experienced 694 landslides by Typhoon Ewinia in 2006 was selected for analysis and verification. The 50% of landslide data were randomly selected to use as training data while the other 50% being used for verification. The probability of landslides for target years (1 year, 3 years, 10 years, 50 years, and 100 years) was calculated assuming that landslides are triggered by 1-day rainfall of 202 mm or 3-day cumulative rainfalls of 449 mm.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.61-71
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• 2001

In these days, surveying instruments are developing rapidly and the precision is improving continuously. The reappearance of three dimensional terrains of a great precision are possible and the calculation of the area or the volume has a high precision due to the development of the technique of the spatial information system using computer. But actually, in construction site they calculate two-dimensional area using the traditional method, plane table surveying, planimeter, and then get ground surface area through timing the slope correction factor. In this study, I show the defect and inefficiency of the calculation of the area by the traditional methods and survey the area with Electronic Distance Measuring equipment and GPS instrument. With these data, we made the three dimensional terrain model and calculated two-dimensional area and ground surface area. After that, I compared areas that calculated by algorithm method of irregular triangle and analysis of grid method with standardizing the area that calculated by the traditional method. Finally, I suggested more effective and precise method in calculating ground surface area.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.496-510
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• 2017

This study presents a new nationwide quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) based on the hybrid surface rainfall (HSR) technique using the weather radar network of Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). This new nationwide HSR is characterized by the synthesis of reflectivity at the hybrid surface that is not affected by ground clutter, beam blockage, non-meteorological echoes, and bright band. The nationwide HSR is classified into static (STATIC) and dynamic HSR (DYNAMIC) mosaic depending on employing a quality control process, which is based on the fuzzy logic approach for single-polarization radar and the spatial texture technique for dual-polarization radar. The STATIC and DYNAMIC were evaluated by comparing with official and operational radar rainfall mosaic (MOSAIC) of KMA for 10 rainfall events from May to October 2014. The correlation coefficients within the block region of STATIC, DYNAMIC and MOSAIC are 0.52, 0.78, and 0.69, respectively, and their mean relative errors are 34.08, 30.08, and 40.71%.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.121-132
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• 2005

To classify the surface sedimentary facies using IKONOS image collected over Hwangdo tidal flat in Cheonsu Bay, the optical reflectance was compared for characterizing various sedimentary environments such as grain size, tidal channel pattern and area ratio of surface remnant water. The intertidal DEM (Digital Elevation Model) was generated by echo-sounder for analyzing the relationship between IKONOS image and sedimentary environments including topography. The boundary of the optical reflectance between mud-mixed facies and sand facies was distinct, and discrimination of the associated sandbar feature was also possible. The mud-mixed facies coupled with intricate tidal channels is confined to the relatively hi호 topography of Hwangdo tidal flat. The boundary between mud and mixed flat was indistinct in IKONOS optical reflectance but it would have a difference in the area ratio of surface remnant water. The dark area in the image represented the well developed sand facies having a lot of surface remnant water due to the relatively low surface topography. The overall accuracy of characterizing the surface sediment facies by maximum likelihood classification method was 86.2 %. These results demonstrate that high spatial resolution satellite imagery such as IKONOS coupled with knowledge of grain size, surface remnant water and tidal channel network can be effectively used to characterize the surface sedimentary facies (mud, mixed and sand) network of the tidal flat environments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.4 s.111
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• pp.108-118
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• 2005

While the recent lift of restrictions in greenbelt areas is expected to generate a number of development plans, there are efforts to create various development plans into spatial plans that consider the natural and ecological conditions of development sites. However, these development plans consider Degree of Green Naturality or Degree of Ecology only when designating areas for conservation within development sites. It is true that they don't fully reflect the value of green areas and wetlands as habitats and natural resources. Therefore, this study built an conservation value assessment model that is applicable to sites where development is planned in Korea by reviewing prior case examples md studies and applied the developed model to a case study area. The site where the conservation value assessment model was applied to is an area around Yongsan-ri and Suha-ri, Doam-myon, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon province where quality natural resources are located in and wend the site. This is a site for the development of Alpensia Resort where a resort including facilities for the Winter Olympics is planned to be introduced. In order to assess the conservation value of the site for Alpensia Resort, a total of eight items including area, distribution of communities, habitation of species with conservation value, functions of habitats, connectivity of habitats, vegetation layers of forests, age of forests, and ratio of non-native plants were studied through literature review and field surveys. The assessment was made by dividing the site into 95 habitats that are perceived by aerial photographs and each habitat unit was assessed on the eight items in a 3-point scale. Each unit habitat assessed in a 3-point scale was segmented into primary, secondary or tertiary areas based on the conservation value. Habitats assessed as primary were designated as priority (absolute) conservation areas and those assessed as secondary and tertiary were set as secondary conservation areas and tertiary conservation areas, respectively. As a result, each area represented 26.9%, 20% and 3% of total site area. Based on this result, habitat management plans were developed to conserve primary conservation areas, improve secondary conservation areas and restore tertiary conservation areas. In addition, a development plan was developed to create habitats in areas where new habitats are requested in order to build an eco-network in the site and a plan to create eco-corridors was proposed. In developing a land use plan for the site, a development plan that considers conservation areas first should be set up based on the outcome of conservation value assessment. This can be linked to the development of an environment-friendly land use plan as well as easing the establishment of a green area and eco-network. This study will facilitate the implementation of the 'conservation before development' principle, which can prevent reckless development, by assessing conservation value in setting up development plans.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.12-19
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• 2016

An average of 20 million individual transit unit activities per day on the Seoul-Gyeonggi-Incheon public transportation network are provided as transportation card analysis data by the metropolitan district (99.02% by 2014 standard, Humanlive, 2015.4). The metropolitan transportation card data can be employed in a comprehensive analysis of public transportation users' current transit patterns and by means of this, an effective use plan can be explored. In enhancing the existing information on the bus and rail integrated network of the metropolis with public transportation card data, the constraints in the existing methodology of metropolitan transit analysis, which functions on a zone unit origin and destination basis, can be overcome. Framework for metropolitan public transportation card data based integrated public transportation analysis, which consists of bus and rail integrated transport modes, is constructed, and through this, a single passenger's transit behavior transit volume can be approximated. This research proposes that in the use of metropolitan public transportation card data, integrated public transportation usage, as a part of individual passenger spatial movements, can be analyzed. Furthermore, metropolitan public transportation card usage data can provide insights into understanding not only movements of populations taking on transit activities, but also, characteristics of metropolitan local space.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.5 no.2 s.10
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• pp.131-144
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• 1997

Traffic jam densified day by day is phenomenon to occur lack of the road capacity in comparison with traffic density, but lack of the road cannot be concluded by main cause of traffic ism. Because the central function of a city would be concentrated upon the downtown and traffic demand would not be evenly distributed by the classification of an hour. Therefore, this study based on the fact that each driver will select the route generating traffic delay very low when path choice from origin to destination in travel plan estimating the quality of passage could be maintained the speed he want will approach to a characteristic grasp of a road, traffic, driver changing every moment by traffic-demand of road increased as a geometrical series with analysis a classification of a street, a intersection along the path on traffic density and highway capacity analysis the path using GIS techniques about complex street network, also will get the path of actual optimum for traffic delay trend creating under various condition the classification per a hour, a day of week and an incident through network such as analysis for traffic generation zone adjacent about street, intersection, afterward will expect the result increasing efficiency of the road-use through a good distribution of traffic by optimum-path choice, accordingly will prepare the scientific, objective, appropriate basis to decide the reasonable time of a road-widen and expansion through section analysis along a rate of traffic volume vs. road capacity.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.51-58
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• 2011

This paper describes a development of system that enables the user to manage and display from 3D viewer after at real-time saves attribute informations in DBMS using RTK systems and 3D game engines. The 3-dimensional game engines for this system will be input a attribute values of underground utilities which is measured from RTK systems with wireless network. This system which sees does to make be a possibility of managing creation, elimination, modification for the underground utilities from 3-dimensional viewer. The coordinates about the underground utilities measures with GPS. The base reference point for RTK systems uses one in reference points which are measured in existing. GPS coordinates revised a reference point in standard. The 3-dimensional game engines are having the function which manages the underground utilities with 3-dimensions. The function is the same as wireless network of RTK systems, 3-dimensional display for terrain and underground utilities, input and registration for attribute of underground utilities, etc. The system which sees will be able to prevent the various accident which is caused by in the spatial location coordinate which underground utilities is inaccurate. And the system which sees is accurate is a possibility of managing and the application possibility is high very. Finally, this system could be applied very usefully from the point of view which starts a new town development.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.119-126
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• 2011

During precise survey on the top of High rise buildings and civil structures, optical surveying equipments like a Total Station are not recommended to use because of some reasons that uneasier alignment with reflectors located at the top of building, increasing error depends on increasement of observation distance and unavailable dynamic positioning etc. Recently various GPS positioning methods have been applied to this job however almost of them are post-processing method which is required much longer time during for whole process includes stake-out, cross checking, fixing positions and final inspections. Therefore, in this study, we applied with RTK surveying system which allows stake-out and inspection in realtime to avoid delaying of construction schedule and also applied with Quasi Static RTK measurement and network adjustment to get a high accuracy within a few millimeters in structure positioning to achieve a successful management for process and quality control of the project. As a result, very high accurate surveying for structures within approx. 2mm in realtime has been achieved when surveyor conduct a network adjustment using least square method for 4 base lines created by Quasi Static RTK data and we expect this method will be applied to construction survey for high rise buildings and civil structures in the future.