• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the visual and spatial elements of the gait of a stroke patient who had diverse ankle weight loads applied, according to weight changes. Methods: The subject was a 57-year-old stroke patient diagnosed and hospitalized with a left intracerebral hemorrhage. A weight equivalent to 0%, 1%, and 2% of his body weight was applied to the area 5cm upward from the ankle using a Velcro strap. He was then trained on a treadmill, receiving a six-minute walk test to evaluate his gait ability. A gait analyzer was used to collect visual and spatial elements, such as gait distance, gait velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, and swing phase, according to a weight load equivalent to 0%, 1%, and 2% of his body weight. Results: According to the results of applying 0%, 1%, and 2% of his body weight on the ankle, except for gait velocity, his gait distance, cadence, step length, stride length, and swing phase were higher when 1% of his body weight was applied compared to 0% or 2% of his body weight. Conclusion: Applying a weight equivalent to 1% of the body weight to the ankle positively affected the visual and spatial element of the gait and heightened the efficiency of exercise during treadmill training, a gait-training tool generally used for stroke patients. However, the result is difficult to generalize because the number of subjects was small with only one subject.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.55-71
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• 1991

The purpose of this thesis is to suggest objective basic data for the environmental design through the quantitative analysis of the visual quality included in the physical environment of Basemsagol valley sequence landscape. For this, visual volumes of physical elements have been evaluated by using the mesh analysis, spatial images structure of physical elements have been analyzed by factor analysis algorithm, and degree of visual quality have been measured mainly by questionnaires. Also, this study aims to understand semiotics and to grope the possibility of application to the sequence landscape assessment. A semiological approach suggests a new dimension in sequence landscape assessment, which is a contrast to the existing scientific evaluation methods. Result of this thesis can be summarized as follows. Visual volumes of the immediate vegetation, rock, bridge, road and distant vegetation are found to be the main factor determining the visual quality. Factors covering the spatial image of natural park sequence landscape have been found to be the overall synthetic evaluation, potentiality, natural quality, spatial, appeal and dignity. By using the control method for the number of factors, T.V. has been obtained as 40.22%. The characteristics of the semiological approach is qualitative, open, holistic, and experiential, whereas that of the scientific approach is quantitative, closed, reductive, and experimental.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.105-108
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• 2004

Immersive virtual reality has been used in areas of oil and gas exploration for visualization and analysis of various spatial data, such as wireline logs, 3-dimensional seismic data volume, formational boundaries, fault, and some other reservoir characteristics. Although virtual reality is a valuable tool in this area, in most cases, it requires a large budget. This paper describes the construction of a single screen, passive stereo, virtual reality, display system based on commodity, or otherwise, low-cost components. The core elements of the system are a PC with a two-channel 3-D graphics, two projects, and a polarized stereo. There are many options available for the major elements of such a system, and the basic system can be modified or adapted to many different styles of use.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 1996

A scanning slot digital mammography system Luing a plastic scintillating fiber screen (SFS) is currently being developed To improve the x-ray interaction efficiency and absorption efficiency of an SFS, high Z elements can be added into the scintillating fiber core. In this paper, we investigated theoretically the zero spatial frequency detective quantum efficiency, DQE(0), and modulation transfer function, MTF(f), of three 2 cm thick SFSs made of polystyrene, polystyrene loaded with 5% by weight of lead, and polystyrene Loaded with 10% by weight of tin scintillating fibers. X-ray interaction efficiency, scintillating light intensity distributions and line spread functions were generated using Monte Carlo simulation. DQE(0) and MTF(f) were computed for x-ray energies ranging from 15 to 50 keV. Loading high Z elements into the SFS markedly increased the DQE(0). For x-ray energies used for mammovaphy, DQE(0) values of both high Z element loaded SFSs are about a factor of three higher than the DQE(0) of an Min-R screen. At mammographic x-ray energies, MTF(f) values of all three SFSs are Venter than 50% at 25 Ip/mm spatial frequency, and were found to be dominated by the 20 um individual scintillating fiber diameter used The results show that both hiP DQE(0) and spatial resolution can be achieved with the high Z element loaded SFSs, which make these SFSs attractive for use in a scanning slot detector for digital mammography.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.7 no.3 s.25
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• pp.133-140
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• 2007

Spatial structures is a appropriate shape that resists external force with only inplane force by reducing the influence of bending moment, and it maximizes the effect of structure system. An economic analysis is one of the most important factors to determine the project feasibility. Large spatial structures project is more need to comprehensive technology than a general construction project. In order to result in success of these project, it is desired that analyze an essential elements(for example, large budget, professional engineer, construction method, etc.) in the whole life cycle of buildings by schematic preparation from the early feasible study steps. We collect the data and analyze construction cost through this study which examines general remarks of existing spatial structures and researches its examples. This study is aimed to apply basic data to establish database the spatial structures.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.508-523
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• 2003

This study has developed the test tool to measure the level of spatial concept in the astronomy education for high school students. The items of the test tool are composed of basic elements (spatial position, spatial reasoning, spatial variation) forming spatial concepts in the astronomy. The test tool was applied to the 274 high school students. As a result of item analysis, the test tool showed that the content validity was 98%, the reliability (KR 20) was 0.84, the measure the level of astronomical spatial concept for the high school students.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.71-75
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• 1997

In this paper, some problems that occur from faulty elements in a direction finding system composed of the linear array are studied and the method which improves the performance is proposed. The fault element means the sensor that has no output or highly reduced gain than other normal sensors. In the case of the presence of faulty elements, the performance of the conventional the spatial spectrum subject to a constraint. The corrected spatial spectrum is obtained by this vector. The computer simulations have been performed to study the performance of the proposed method. We have compared the proposed method with the subaperture processing method of one of the previous works.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.23-33
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• 2010

In the late twentieth century, the multistory housing has become the most preferred housing type. Moreover, in multistory housing design, not only interior design but also exterior design, uniqueness and characteristic have been added as significant factors in design to break simplicity and uniformity. The purpose of this study is to understand the tendency of the elevation design in Europe and to suggest the idea for elevation design for domestic. Also, each elements of elevation were analyzed through classification and schematization which categorized by its own characteristic. Design elements can be classified into three categories. They are corresponding with inner spaces, emphasizing visual expression of exterior material and texture, and presenting aesthetic factors of building shape. Those are named as the Spatial Externalization, the Visual Expression, and the Expression of Building Shape. In this frame nineteen elevations of sixteen different cases were analysed. As a result of case studies, it is clear that elevation designs were not standardized and each cases has its own characteristics. Also it showed how the each design elements can be coordinated as a total design and how they expressed identities of each housing. This study could contribute to motivate diversifying the design of multistory housing.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.45-60
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• 2010

Nonlinear problems for membrane structures are very sensitive in convergence procedure in nonlinear iterations. Therefore many researchers have suggested a lot of ideas in published papers. In this study, authors are trying to get easier solution for taking membrane shape by initial stresses from substitution of the membrane to line elements. To obtain nonlinear stiffness, the nonlinear finite element method is used for both membrane and cable elements, and only geometric nonlinear terms are taken for shape analysis. By some examined models, we can find that the substituted models show better results to get, initial shape in which the concentrating phenomenon is removed at edge parts.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.71-77
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• 2002

For landscape ecological management of the isolated forestlands in Incheon city located in the western tip of South Korea, the forest vegetation of Mt. Cheolma was classified phytosciologically and mapped out its spatial distribution at a scale of 1:5,000. Characteristics of forest landscape structures were discussed in terms of the number and size of patches obtained by analyzing vegetation map. Units to manage the forest vegetation were categorized into eighteen communities, seventeen groups, and sixteen subgroups. Landscape elements were classified into five types: secondary vegetation, introduced vegetation for forestry (IVF), introduced vegetation for agriculture (IVA), and other elements. Two hundred and ninety-three forest landscape patches covers 443.3ha of which IVF accounted for 316.8ha(71.5%), the largest portion, secondary vegetation for f01.2ha(22.8%), IVA for 6.2ha(1.4%), and others for 19.1ha(4.3%). The ratio of natural forest elements of 31.9% showed that this area was mainly comprised of artificially introduced vegetation, such as Robinia pseudoacacia plantation and Pinus rigida plantation. Forest landscape patches have a mean area of 4.5ha, a density of 66.1/100ha, and a diversity index of 0.87. It was estimated that differentiation of patches recognized in community level would be related to human interference and those in subordinate level to natural processes.