• ETRI Journal
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.765-773
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• 2008

Spatial correlation is a result of insufficient antenna spacing among multiple antenna elements, while temporal correlation is caused by Doppler spread. This paper compares the effect of spatial and temporal correlation in order to investigate the performance of multiuser scheduling algorithms in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channels. This comparison includes the effect on the ergodic capacity, on fairness among users, and on the sum-rate capacity of a multiuser scheduling algorithm utilizing statistical channel state information in spatio-temporally correlated MIMO broadcast channels. Numerical results demonstrate that temporal correlation is more meaningful than spatial correlation in view of the multiuser scheduling algorithm in MIMO broadcast channels. Indeed, the multiuser scheduling algorithm can reduce the effect of the Doppler spread if it exploits the information of temporal correlation appropriately. However, the effect of spatial correlation can be minimized if the antenna spacing is sufficient in rich scattering MIMO channels regardless of the multiuser scheduling algorithm used.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제38호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2003

In 1923, El. Lissitzky designed ‘Proun Raum’ to realize his spatial experiment in paintings that are called 'Proun'. For this, Lissitzky taken Pome 'element' to construct his imaginary space that combine time with space. Especially, Quadrangle make an important role by the reason of its potential energy. In other words, alteration of its four corners turn Quadrangle to rectangle or square, etc, and describe some force, motion and location as itself. Analyzing 'Proun' and 'A and Pangeometry' that describes his spatial concept, spatial characteristics of 'Proun Raum' are comprehended, and the significance of spatial construction method in 'Proun Raum' are summarized as follows; occurrence of spectator's visual guide by elements, secession of afterimage, do-construction of the border.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.39-49
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• 1999

The objective of this study is to characterize the landscape retaining dynamic character through the distinction between the spatial structure and the landscape. In this study, the landscape was characterized by the image of environment viewed by human being. Firstly, the landscape was disscussed in terms of such three element as the environment viewed by human being, the psychological detachment from the environment and the meaning of image. Secondly, the dynamic character of the landscape was determined by the comparision between the spatial structure of the static elements and the landscape experience through the case study Soshe garden. In the study found that landscape experience depend on the dynamic viewpoint and human views while the spatial structure is stable and static. This study also found that landscape is an open system which can be diachronically transformed by human value, while spatial structure is a synchronic closed system.

• 복식
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• 제38권
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• pp.31-49
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• 1998

This study is the primary basic study about the spatial feature of modeling of Fashion Design. Then, this researcher lays significance in establishing the basic system about the character of dress and its ornaments as modeling in spatial-formal, dimension, examining the feature of modeling closely through perception principle and offering the basic principle to plan and organize the modeling space for dress and its ornaments on the basis of it. To generalize the findings is as follows : First, the spatial system of modeling for dress and its ornaments is made with 3 elements such as space, human beings and dress and its ornaments. Second, the form of dress and its ornaments and the spatial organization start from the structural basis which is human body, and the sensible system of body is made through inter-action, but the aesthetic expression is complet-ed by the moment of body. Third, the characteristic principle of model-ing for dress and its ornaments which was suggested in Chapter IV is based on the visuo-per-ceptional modeling experience, and these thinking contents are inputted in cognition course as the invisible in formation in the new space plan and organization and activate the apperception course and aim at the action about aesthetic judgement.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2007

This paper aims to clarify the Spatial Form of the Port Settlement of Rivershore in Nakdong-river. The web of road is composed of three basic elements, kyeongjeon-seon railroad, inner old coastal street, a narrow gauge railway. The basic road system is composed of Hon-machi dori (Main street) parallel to the coastal line and three perpendicular roads. According to these road patterns, plot of the lands in the block are formed into distinctive trapezoidal shape. To conclude, the Spatial Form of Samrangjin's Port Settlement might explain as a relation of Rivershore's shape and marketplace's spatial form.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to find out the spatial arrangement of the administrative district of Seoung-Ju Eup around the 19th century by analyzing a map called Seoung-ju eupgido, made in the late Chosun period. The study analyses the significant elements consisting of the spatial arrangement such as geographical considerations, the street system, and the location of mainfacilities for this purpose. The significance of this study is in that the study uses a contemporary map showing the actual spatial arrangement in the period, instead of using any historical records or written documents that have been mainly used for the same purpose by most researcher so far.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.115-127
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• 1999

The rural houses in Tonghae have a different spatial structure from those of the other area because of the characteristics of a regional circumstances between the Taebaek mountains and the East Sea. The purpose of this study is aimed at grasping how the spatial transformations of the rural houses according to the changes of the housing lifestyles by the modernization and urbanization are coped with and changed. This study consists of understanding the trend of change of the rural houses in Tonghae through the analysis of living elements and the spatial transformation and process of the rural houses in Tonghae since 50's on the basis of the use change, extension and renovation of residential space.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 1997년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.304-309
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• 1997

Elastic elements, at first, were extensively used in suspensions as vibration isolators at joints. Nowadays they are used to improve stability and handling. The design of these elements has become a very important matter since the loading condition of the mechanism gives a mew suspension geometry without any modification. This paper presents an analysis of forces and moments of joints with elastic elements in the McPherson suspension mechanism to evaluate accurately the elastic deformation using the displacement matrix method in conjunction with the equilibrium equations. First the suspension is modeled as a multi-loop spatial rigid-body guidance mechanism which has elastic elements at the hardpoints of the suspension. Then a method and design euqations are developed to analyze the suspension characteristics by the various tire load. Also the displacement matrices and constraint equations for links are appllied to determine the sensitivity of the suspension mechanism. Finally this approach may conduct a realistic design of suspension mechanisms with elastic elements to improve the performance of the automobile under various driving conditions.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.87-97
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• 2002

This study is aimed at grasping how the farmhouses in Yongdong area continues to be transfigured according to the modernization and urbanization since 8.15 Liberation through the analysis of natural environment and sociocultural environment elements. The farmhouses in Yongdong area before 1960's have had a different spatial structure from those of the other areas because of the characteristics of the climatic, regional, geographic and sociocultural environment elements. The roof improvement promoting law after 1967, the Saemaul Movement since 1971 and the standard drawing of farmhouse after 1972 are transfigured the rural villages, but they were turned up the limitations of their exploits because of the lack of cognition about environment elements. Recently there were appeared the farmhouses which were reflected farmer's decisions in construction after 1980's because former farmhouses were not give consideration to environment elements.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.206-216
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• 2015

Majority of the seniors living in nursing homes suffer from persistent chronic pain, which may cause depression and compromised quality of life if untreated. The environment should support them to lift their focus from current pain and worries to the positive feelings and the delight of life. The purpose of this research is to classify the healing environment elements for positive distraction, and analyze 6 international cases to see the current situation. The elements were categorized as follows, based on literature review from both healing spaces and elderly care field: spatial elements(view, natural elements, artificial elements, exercise space, garden), psychological elements(grooming area, space for privacy, meal/drink area, elements for recollection, religious space), social elements(common living area, activity/hoppy room, family/visitor area, information area, local community program space). Analysis on 6 facilities showed that each elements were reflected to designed relatively well. New inventions from workers who think distraction is important were also introduced. Healing environment for positive distraction requires delicate touch, derived from understanding characteristics and situation of the residing elderly individuals. Technology update is also significant, from audio books to virtual reality devices, since cultural life of nursing home is far behind from what the others enjoy now.