• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume II
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• pp.574-577
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• 2006

In this paper, we developed a forest fire detection algorithm which uses a regression function between NDVI and land surface temperature. Previous detection algorithms use the land surface temperature as a main factor to discriminate fire pixels from non-fire pixels. These algorithms assume that the surface temperatures of non-fire pixels are intrinsically analogous and obey Gaussian normal distribution, regardless of land surface types and conditions. And the temperature thresholds for detecting fire pixels are derived from the statistical distribution of non-fire pixels’ temperature using heuristic methods. This assumption makes the temperature distribution of non-fire pixels very diverse and sometimes slightly overlapped with that of fire pixel. So, sometimes there occur omission errors in the cases of small fires. To ease such problem somewhat, we separated non-fire pixels into each land cover type by clustering algorithm and calculated the residuals between the temperature of a pixel under examination whether fire pixel or not and estimated temperature of the pixel using the linear regression between surface temperature and NDVI. As a result, this algorithm could modify the temperature threshold considering land types and conditions and showed improved detection accuracy.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.162-174
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• 2012

공간적으로 3차원의 특성을 지닌 해양에서 수직적인 수온 자료의 특성을 가시화하기 위해서는 각 수심층별 수평 수온분포도와 같은 2차원적 주제도나 3차원적 공간보간을 통한 입체 모델을 사용하게 된다. 이러한 방법은 해양 현상을 시각적으로 이해하는데 유용하지만, 수직적 수온분포의 공간 패턴 분석이나 수직적 수온의 특성과 다른 해양 요인(해양화학, 해양생물, 기후변화 등)과의 관계분석에는 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 수온 수직구조의 주요 파라미터인 혼합층의 깊이, 최대수온구배, 수온약층의 두께를 추출하는 알고리즘을 이용하여, 수온의 수직구조 특성을 정량화함으로써 제주남부 해역의 수온 수직구조의 공간분포 특성을 밝히고자 한다. 이를 위해 수온 수직구조를 대표하는 세 가지 파라미터에 대한 공간분포지도 제작을 비롯해 공간자기상관 지수(Moran's I)를 계산하였다. 아울러, 세 가지 파라미터에 대한 군집분석을 수행하여 제주 남부해역을 4개 지역으로 그룹핑하고, 각 지역에 대한 수직 수온구조의 특성을 정의하였다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2007

To identify the spatial distribution pattern of water quality in Masan Bay, Pearson's correlation as a common statistic method and Moran's I as a spatial autocorrelation statistics were applied to the hydrological data seasonally collected from Masan Bay for two years ($2004{\sim}2005$). Spatial distribution of salinity, DO and silicate among the hydrological parameters clustered strongly while chlorophyll a distribution displayed a weak clustering. When the similarity matrix of Moran's I was compared with correlation matrix of Pearson's r, only the relationships of temperature vs. salinity, temperature vs. silicate and silicate vs. total inorganic nitrogen showed significant correlation and similarity of spatial clustered pattern. Considering Pearson's correlation and the spatial autocorrelation results, water quality distribution patterns of Masan Bay were conceptually simplified into four types. Based on the simplified types, Moran's I and Pearson's r were compared respectively with spatial distribution maps on salinity and silicate with a strong clustered pattern, and with chlorophyll a having no clustered pattern. According to these test results, spatial distribution of the water quality in Masan Bay could be summed up in four patterns. This summation should be developed as spatial index to be linked with pollutant and ecological indicators for coastal health assessment.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2010

Distribution of local critical temperature and current density in $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta}$ (YBCO) coated conductors was analyzed using a Low-temperature Scanning Laser Microscopy (LTSLM). We prepared YBCO coated conductors of various bridge types to study the spatial distribution of critical temperature and current density in single and multi bridges. An LTSLM system was modified for a detailed two-dimensional scan without shifting of the sample. We observed a spatial distribution of the critical temperature from the bolometric response, which arises from a focused laser beam at the sample near the superconducting transition. Also we studied the relation between the critical temperature and the current density.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 대공간을 동계 및 하계로 구분하여 실내온열환경의 변화를 실측하고 냉 난방조건과 관련하여 대공간에서 형성되는 실내온열환경의 특성을 파악하는 것을 목적으로 하여, 대공간의 수직 및 수평온도분포, 객석온도분포, 실내표면온도분포, 실내온열쾌적성 등의 실내온열환경을 검토하였다.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2018

The Zhuhai Opera House has an external structure consisting of a type of spatial steel, where the stress of steel elements varies with the ambient temperature. A structural health monitoring system was implemented at Zhuhai Opera House, and the temperatures and stresses of the structures were monitored in real time. The relationship between the stress distribution and temperature variations was analysed by measuring the temperature and stresses of the steel elements. In addition to measurements of the structure stresses and temperatures, further simulation analysis was carried out to provide the detailed relationship between the stress distributions and temperature variations. The limited temperature measurements were used to simulate the structure temperature distribution, and the stress distributions of all steel elements of the structure were analysed by building a finite element model of the Zhuhai Opera House spatial steel structure. This study aims to reveal the stress distributions of steel elements in a real-world project based on temperature variations, and to supply a basic database for the optimal construction time of a spatial steel structure. This will not only provide convenient, rapid and safe early warnings and decision-making for the spatial steel structure construction and operation processes, but also improve the structural safety and construction accuracy of steel space structures.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2008

We investigated the relationship between mesoscale spatial distribution of environmental parameters (temperature, salinity, and sigma-t), chlorophyll-a concentration and mesozooplankton in the Yellow Sea during May 1996, 1997, and 1998, with special reference to Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water (YSBCW). Adult calanoid copepods, Calanus sinicus, Paracalanus parvus s.l., Acartia omorii, and Centropages abdominalis were isolated by BVSTEP analysis based on the consistent explainable percentage (-32.3%) of the total mesozooplankton distributional pattern. The copepods, which accounted for 60 to 87% of the total abundances, occupied 73-78% of the copepod community. The YSBCW consistently remained in the northern part of the study area and influenced the spatial distribution of the calanoid copepods during the study periods. Abundances of C. sinicus and P. parvus s.l., which were high outside the YSBCW, were positively correlated with the whole water average temperature (p<0.01). In contrast, the abundances of C. abdominalis and A. omorii, which were relatively high in the YSBCW, were associated with the integrated chl-a concentration based on factor analysis. These results indicate that the YSBCW influenced the mesoscale spatial heterogeneity of average temperature and integrated chl-a concentration through the water column. This consequently affected the spatial distribution pattern of the dominant copepods in association with their respective preferences for environmental and biological parameters in the Yellow Sea during spring.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2015

본 연구는 안동댐 유역을 대상으로 수문기상 정보의 조밀한 시공간분포를 추정하여 수문기상에서 나타나는 시계열적 공간분포 특성을 규명하고자 한다. 국립기상과학원에서 설치 운영하고 있는 낙동강 상류 안동댐 유역의 수문 기상 관측소 7곳의 기상정보와 인근 두 곳의 종관기상관측소(ASOS) 정보를 활용하여 분석을 실시하였으며, 공간적 자기상관성에 기반한 Semi-Variogram을 추정하여 시공간분포를 확인하였다. 유역에서 변이성을 관찰할 수 있는 기상요소인 온도와 습도를 시간과 각 월에 따라 분석하였다. 계절에 관계없이 온도의 경우 14시, 습도의 경우 10시에 가장 균일한 공간분포를 나타내고, 18시에 온도와 습도 모두 가장 불균일성이 높게 확인되었다. 월별 공간 분포에서는 온도의 경우 1월에 가장 불균일하였고, 9월에 가장 균일한 것으로 확인되었으며, 습도의 경우 5월에 가장 불균일하고, 1월에 가장 균일한 것으로 나타났다. 수문기상에서는 일반 산림에서와 달리 계절적 공간분포특성이 적게 나타나며, 온도와 습도가 각각의 특성을 보이는 차이가 있었다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2012

Urbanization has led to a reduction in green spaces and thus transformed the spatial pattern of urban land use. An increase in air temperature directly affects forest vegetation, phenology, and biodiversity in urban areas. In this paper, we analyze the changing land use patterns and urban heat distribution (UHD) in Seoul on the basis of a spatial assessment. It is necessary to monitor and assess the functions of green spaces in order to understand the changes in the green space. In addition, we estimated the influence of green space on urban temperature using Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) imagery and climatic data. Results of the assessment showed that UHD differences cause differences in temperature variation and the spatial extent of temperature reducing effects due to urban green space. The ratio of urban heat area to green space cooling area increases rapidly with increasing distance from a green space boundary. This shows that urban green space plays an important role for mitigating urban heating in central areas. This study demonstrated the importance of green space by characterizing the spatiotemporal variations in temperature associated with urban green spaces.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2011

The spatial fuel vapor distribution of the homogeneous charge by a 6-hole injector was examined in a optically accessed single cylinder direct injection spark ignition(DISI) engine. The effects of in-cylinder charge motion, and fuel injection pressure, and coolant temperature were investigated using a planar LIF (Laser Induced Fluorescence) technique. It was confirmed that the in-cylinder tumble flow played a little more effective role in the spatial fuel vapor distribution than the swirl flow during the compression stroke at 10 mm and 2 mm planes under cylinder head gasket and the increased fuel injection pressure activated spatial distributions of the fuel vapor. In additions, richer mixtures were concentrated around the cylinder wall by the increase of the coolant temperature.