• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.22
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• pp.61-68
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• 2000

This paper illustrates what the reality of architectural concepts, materials, notions and phenomena are as central questions of contemporay space design. These issues form the goal of modern space design which should attain to the reality of an era when non-real values prevail. Despite the trends of an everchanging and ephemeral dominating quality in architecture for the last ten years, architects still aim to contruct everlasting space on earth. The trends of dematerialization in today's space design can be substantiated in spatial-temporal dimensions as follows. First of all, ephemeral architecture with concepts of hypothetical temporality, everchanging architecture in fluidity, and the transparent architecture with the floating and overlapping image can be analyzed in the dimension of 'time'. In terms of 'space', void quality for the expression of emptiness, neutral space by the simplified and summarized forms, expanded space through ambiguous boundaries and spatial repetition can becharacterized and also be intended strategies for lightness, state of flux, ambiguity, paradox etc., lead modern space design along that path. As this point, we need to pay attention to the so-called 'hypersurface' concept proposed by Stephen Perella. Hypersurface is a sort of cladding sheathing existence independent from the primary structure. With it, the integration between form and image can be achieved. Sometimes hypersurface can be a strategical screen for image projection, a cognitive receptor for surroundings as well as a catalyst for information and communication systems. When the situation dematerializes more and more as the years go on, the concept of hypersurface can be an inclusive method between the phenomenological form in architecture and its self recipient image. Permissive atmospheres created between them in contemporary space design and new paradigms emerged with digital technology will further reinforce the human space's dynamism.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.82-89
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• 2004

Today, people are bombarded with information, high-technology and multimedia. With that in mind, museum can no longer attract visitor with traditional concept, so it must find some solution or stimulation to attract their attention back. New museum is becoming a experimental space for new culture, new education, and most of all a place to fulfill one's satisfaction of life. Over the past centuries, Guggenheim Foundation has done a great job in providing place for art and place to get emotional stimulation. Out of all of their museums, Frank L. Wright's Solomon R. Guggenheim in New York and frank O. Gehry's Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao had most unique character yet share similar feature to be recognized as the architectural landmark of the 20th & 21st century Although there are close to 50 years of gap between two museums, their unique, attractive, site-specific, emotional value comes from the two most innovative architect of the past and present century. For Wright the Guggenheim was his last project but it had one of the greatest impact on his career and for Gehry the museum gave him confidence that anything is possible. This study will focus on the spatial organization as well as the architectural formation of both museum to compare and analyze. The goal of the research is to give fundamental data which will reveal emotional elements as well as concepts from each work. The content of this research will mainly focused on their architectural philosophy and it will reveal their concept on human emotion as well as the characteristics of the spatial organization. The result of the study will be a valuable reference for people designing art & cultural facilities in the future.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.87-101
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• 2014

Recently, more attention has been paid to the geomorphological changes in the Nakdong River Estuary, because those changes are caused by artificial activities including weirs, reclamation and construction. In order to analyze quantitatively the recent geomorphological variability in the Nakdong River Estuary, we surveyed the depth and elevation of submarine topography near Jinwoodo and Sinjado from March 2007 to February 2012. A statistical method (based on Digital Shoreline Analysis System) and an Empirical Orthogonal Functions method were used to evaluate the morphological changes. According to the statistical variables (DCE, NDC, EPR, LRR), the highest amount and rate of accumulation were recorded around the Gadeokdo whereas the greatest amount of erosion appeared around the coast off the eastern part of Sinjado. In particular, a dynamic variation of morphology was clearly observed in the vicinity of the sub-tidal channel located between Jinwoodo and Sinjado, which seems to be attributable to channel migration. As a result of the EOF method, the first mode (48.7%) is most closely related to the pattern of morphological variability that might be associated with the westerly movement of sediment by longshore current. The spatial variability of the second mode (16.6%) was high in the shoreface of Sinjado, showing a 4-year periodicity of temporal variability. The strong correlation (coefficient 0.73) between the time coefficient and suspended sediment discharge from Nakdong River emphasizes the role of sediment discharge to deposition in this area. The spatial variability of the third mode (11.3%) was distributed mainly around the coast off the eastern part of Sinjado, which is related to the movement of the coastline of Sinjado. Based on the last 5 year's data, our results suggest that the study area is characterized on the whole by a depositional pattern, but the extent of sedimentation is different locally.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2014

This study has analyzed the scanning path algorithm shown at the process of exploring spatial information through an observation experiment with the object of lobby in subway station. In the estimation of observation time by section, the frequency of scanning type was found to increase as the observation time got longer, which makes it possible that the longer the observation lasts the more the observation interruptions occur. In addition, the observation slipped out of the range of imaging when any fatigue was caused from the observation or the more active exploration took place. Furthermore, when the trend line was employed for the examination of the changes to the scanning type by time section, "concentration" "diagonal or vertical" showed a sharp and a gentle increases along with the increase of time section respectively, while "circulation. combination, horizontal" showed a reduction. The observation data of the subjects observing a space include various visual information. The analysis of the scanning type found at "attention concentration" enabled to draw this significant conclusion. The features of increase and decrease of scanning types can be a fundamental data for understanding the scanning tendency by time.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.104-110
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• 2010

Eutrophication is a well-known phenomenon in lentic habitats, however it is receiving increasing attention in shallow streams of Korea due to the increase of periphyton to a nuisance level. In this study temporal and spatial variation in periphyton standing crop and nutrient concentrations were surveyed in the upper reach of the Han River (the Inbuk Stream) that used to be a pristine rural stream until 1980s. Chlorophyll-a concentration per unit surface area of bottom substrate was examined monthly for one year period at nine sites along the Inbuk Stream together with environmental factors such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and water velocity. The standing crop of periphytic algae ranged from $4{\sim}242mgChl.a/m^2$ with a median of $55mgChl.a/m^2$, often exceeding the nuisance level criterion. Along the stream periphyton increased significantly from $39{\pm}48mgChl.a/m^2$ to $94{\pm}49mgChl.a/m^2$ after merging of a tributary in an intensive agricultural basin with high phosphorus concentrations. Seasonally periphyton biomass was highest in autumn (median $171{\pm}76mgChl.a/m^2$) from October through December when water flow velocity was low (median $0.4{\pm}0.3m/s$), while it was higher in flood season (median $1.2{\pm}0.4m/s$) and freezing season (median $0.2{\pm}0.3m/s$) was lower. The result shows that this rural stream often shows characteristics of eutrophication according to periphyton standing crop and it may be regulated by phosphorus and water velocity.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.47-55
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• 2009

As the wireless internet technology such as mobile phone, WIBRO, HSDPA develops, customized location-based services for traffic, tourism, shopping, and emergency relief has lately attracted attention. For giving customized services. we should consider dynamic characteristics of moving object which continuously change their location. In this paper, we define the context trigger type of moving object and design triggering method for processing context generated by moving object. Also we propose location-based push service platform including context trigger of moving object for supporting location-based information to user. The proposed system gathers moving object stream from the terminal based on MS-assisted or Stand-alone positioning mode of embedded GPS in terminal extract user context by user device agent, and send context information to server.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.27-32
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• 2007

3D based information is demanded increasingly as cities grow three dimensionally and buildings become large and complex. The use of 3D GIS is also getting attention as fundamental data for ubiquitous computing applications such as location-based guidance, path finding and emergency escaping. However, most 3D modeling techniques are focused on the visualization of buildings or terrains and do not have topological structures required in spatial analyses. In this paper, we introduce a method to incorporate topological relationship into 3D models by combining 2D GIS layers and 3D model. We divide indoor spaces of a 3D model into discrete objects and then define the relationship with corresponding features in 2D GIS layers through database records. We also show how to construct hallways network in the 2D-3D integrated building model. Finally, we test different cases of route finding situations inside a building such as normal origin-destination path finding and emergency evacuation.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.12 no.4 s.31
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• pp.351-370
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• 2004

At present, environmental monitoring of linear infrastructure is based mainly on field sampling. The 'integrated mapping' approach has received only limited attention from field scientists. The increased environmental regulation of corridor targets has required remote sensing research to develop a sensor or technique for targets ranging from 15 m to 100 m in swath width. In an attempt to identify the optimal remote sensing system for linear targets, an overview is provided of the application requirements and the technology currently available. The relative limitation of traditional remote sensing systems in such a linear application is briefly discussed. It is noted that airborne video could provide, in a cost-effective manner, information required for a very narrow and long strip target utilising the narrow view angle and dynamic stereo coverage. The value of this paper is warranted in proposing a new concept of video infrastructure monitoring as a future research direction in the recognition of sensor characteristics and limitations.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.59-63
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• 2018

Purpose - It has already been proved that 'mood' as the physical environment of shopping affects consumers' main sensory channels such as sight, hearing, smell, touch. However, there is no consensus on how the olfactory cue influences the customers in the shopping environment. In this study, we examine the previous studies on how the olfactory cue affects the customers in the shopping environment and present a clear direction as a suggestion for progressive research. Research design, data, and methodology - It is not important to use a lot of unconditional fragrance, but it should be exposed to the environment that suits the proper fragrance. In recent years, meaningful research on store fragrance has been slowly increasing. As a result, studies on the fragrance effects of retail stores have been conducted to verify the relevance of fragrance suitability in stores and consumer spending scale. Results - The fragrance appropriate for each store can not be uniformly specified as any fragrance. This is because external variables such as time, season, temperature, lighting, density of shoppers, and music in the store also affect customer evaluation. For example, using an unsuitable fragrance may encourage customers to leave the store quickly by restraining impulsive purchases or by disturbing concentration. The store manager should also be interested in using fragrances that are proven and effective in the store environment, but they should also have the ability to easily manipulate and manage the fragrances very appropriately according to changes in the store environment. Store managers should observe consumer preferences and responses according to their goals and strategies, and then systematically manage and store information about the fragrance appropriate to the store. Conclusions - In the future, the fragrance marketing researcher needs to consider the spatial form and density of the customer. In practice, managers operating a retail store should check the most appropriate store density(congestion) according to the size and spatial characteristics of the store and maintain the ideal conditions. To do this, it is necessary to pay attention to how to select and control sensory elements such as fragrance(olfactory), music(auditory), and lighting(visual).

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.157-171
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• 2008

With emerging technologies on wireless networks and mobile computing environment, a number of researches have been carried out for ubiquitous computing. An important functional requirement of ubiquitous computing is to handle location data with ease. With the increase of accidents in large complex buildings. move attention is being paid to indoor spaces and evacuation. However, most currently used evacuation-related applications are simulation based on hypothetical data. Also, since they use non-georeferenced CAD data, it is not easy to integrate them with indoor positioning devices. With the recent progress of indoor positioning systems, the simulators can be enhanced to real-time evacuation systems. As a preliminary stage to make such systems possible, this study proposes using a georeferenced data and evacuation simulation. This study used GIS data and Cellular Automata theory an the algorithm for the movement of the evacuee.