• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.115-128
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate respiratory functions in relation to the gross motor functions(total value of GMFM), the difference of chest girth, and the changing position in spastic children. The respiratory functions(FVC, FEV1, $FEV1\%$, and PEF) were measured in the supine, the $45^{\circ}$semi-sitting, and the $45^{\circ}$sitting in 9 subjects. In the supine position, the mean difference of chest girth was $1.56{\pm}0.80cm$, the total value of GMFM was $45.41{\pm}17.79\%$. In the supine position, there was significant positive relationship in FVC-FEV1, FVC-PEF, and FEV1-PEF, but there was no significant relationship in GMFM and all respiratory functions. In the $45^{\circ}$semi-sitting, there was significant positive relationship in GMFM-FVC, FVC-FEV1, FVC-PEF, FEV1-PEF, and $FEV1\%-PEF$. In the $90^{\circ}$sitting, there was significant positive relationship in GMFM-FEV1, $GMFM-FEV1\%$, FVC-FEV1, FVC-PEF, and FEV1-PEF. In results of measured respiratory functions according to the postures, the supine position had highest value in all respiratory functions, but there were no significant (p<0.05).

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.645-654
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the gross motor function, self-esteem and social ability of children with cerebral palsy from group exercise program for physical and emotional interaction. Methods : Five cerebral palsy children who live in U city were recruited this study. Exercise sessions were held for 1 hour per session, once per week, for 12 consecutive weeks. At pre-treatment and post-treatment, subject were tested gross motor function measure, self-esteem and social ability. Results : After 12 weeks of paticipation in the group exercise program for physical and emotional interaction, there were improvements for gross motor function measure, self-esteem and social ability. Conclusion : Group exercise program for physical and emotional interaction can improve gross motor function, self-esteem and social ability.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.46-65
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• 2017

목적 : 본 연구는 경직형 양마비 아동에게 과제지향훈련을 시행할 때 무게조끼 적용이 대동작 수행력과 균형 능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보며 뇌성마비 아동을 치료하기 위한 중재방법으로 임상적으로 유용한지 제안하고자 시도되었다. 연구방법 : 연구 대상자를 단순 무작위 표본추출법으로 실험군(남자 : 9명, 여자 : 8명, 평균연령 : 8.12세)과 위약군(남자 : 9명, 여자 : 8명, 평균연령 : 7.53세) 각각 18명씩 배분한 후 두 중재군 모두에게 1회 40분, 주 2회 과제지향훈련을 12주 동안 실시하였다. 실험군은 무게저항을 제공하는 무게조끼를 착용하고, 위약군은 무게저항 없이 무게조끼만 착용하였다. 두 중재군 모두에게 닫힌 운동사슬과 다관절의 기능적인 움직임 패턴을 촉진하는 과제지향훈련을 각각 8~10회 실시하며 과제 사이에 약 3분간 휴식 하였다. 두 중재군의 대동작 수행력, 균형 능력에 대한 사전검사는 중재 전에 측정하였고, 사후검사는 중재 6주후와 12주후 총 2회 시행하였으며 마지막으로 추적검사는 실험종료 12주후에 실시한 후 두 중재군 사이의 시간경과에 따른 변화량을 분석하였다. 결과 : 대동작 수행평가는 중재 6주후와 12주후에는 실험군이 위약군보다 평균 점수가 더 증가하였으며 유의한 차이가 나타났다(p<.05). 아동용 균형척도는 중재 6주후와 12주후에는 실험군이 위약군보다 평균 점수가 더 증가하였으며 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.05). 결론 : 그러므로 닫힌 운동사슬과 다관절의 기능적인 움직임을 촉진시키는 과제지향훈련 시 무게조끼 적용은 경직형 양마비 아동의 대동작 수행력과 균형 능력을 향상시키는 유용한 중재 방법으로 고려될 수 있다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2012

Purpose : The present study has been performed to find the effects on gross motor function and balance ability of applying a balance exercise program consisting of motions able to stimulate balance-related sensory systems on various support surfaces along with goal-oriented upper extremity tasks to enhance the balance ability. Methods : 10children diagnosed as having spastic diplegia were selected as the subject for this study, of whom 5children were randomly assigned to a control group (CG) and the remainder to a balance exercise group (BEG) to perform the upper extremity task on various support surfaces. Each intervention was executed 30minutes per session with 2sessions a week for 12weeks. To make comparisons before and after intervention, gross motor function measure; standing; demention D(GMFM;D), walking/running/jumping ;demention E (GMFM;E) and pediatric balance scale (PBS) were evaluated. Results : The CG showed a significant difference (p<.05) in GMFM;E. BEG showed a significant difference (p<.05) in GMFM;D as well as GMFM;E and in PBS before and after intervention. BEG showed a significant improvement (p<.05) in GMFM;D and the PBS compared with the CG whereas it did not indicate any statistically significant difference in GMFM;E. Conclusion : According to the results of this study, it has been shown that a balance exercise accompanied by upper extremity task on various support surfaces had an effect on improvement in the gross motor function and the balance ability of children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to examine inter-rater reliability of the Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) by children's age and to identify the correlation between the MACS and the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Twenty-six children with CP older than two years participated. Children with CP were classified according to the MACS and the GMFCS by two physical therapists. Inter-rater reliability was analyzed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs). The results showed that the reliability of the MACS for children aged 2~3 years was .88 and for children aged above 4 years was .98 (p<.05). Children with quadriplegia had a higher level of MACS than children with spastic hemiplegia and diplegia. A moderate relationship between the MACS and the GMFCS was found in all children (rater 1, r=.631; rater 2, r=.438). The MACS will be used for classification of children with CP according to the manual abilities. Thus, it offers a reliable method for communicating between therapists about the manual ability of children with CP who are older than 2 years.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.276-279
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• 2016

Sjogren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a rare autosomal recessive neurocutaneous disorder with worldwide incidence of 0.4 per 100,000 people. It is characterized by the triad of congenital ichthyosis, spastic diplegia or quadriplegia, and mental retardation. Herein we report a 2-year-old male child with SLS, asthma, and recurrent pneumonia. SLS was confirmed by a molecular genetics study that revealed a deletion mutation in the ALDH3A2 gene. An ALDH3A2 gene mutation results in dysfunction of the microsomal enzyme fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase and impaired metabolism and accumulation of leukotriene B4, which is a key molecule and a pro-inflammatory mediator in developing allergic diseases, especially asthma. An increased level of leukotriene B4 has been reported in SLS patients. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of SLS associated with asthma and recurrent pneumonia. In conclusion, pediatricians should be aware of and evaluate patients with SLS for possible associated asthma and allergic disorders.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2019

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 경직성 뇌성마비아동의 앉은 자세균형에 대한 집중체중 이동훈련의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 경직성 사지마비로 진단 받은 11세 여자를 대상으로 ABA 실험설계를 이용하여 8주간 실험을 진행하였다. 기초선(A1)에서 일반 물리치료를 수행하였고, 중재 중(B1, B2)에서 일반 물리치료와 집중체중 이동훈련을 실시하였으며, 중재 후(A'1, A'2)에서 다시 일반 물리치료를 실시하였다. 체간조절능력은 한국형 체간조절 측정척도(TCMS-K)와 균형측정시스템(Biorescue, RM Ingenierie, France)를 사용하여 측정하였다. 연구결과 : 한국형 체간조절 측정척도의 모든 항목이 집중체중 이동훈련 기간 중에 증가하였다. 또한 안정성한계 면적이 집중체중 이동훈련 기간 중에 증가하였고 왼쪽/오른쪽 그리고 앞/뒤 안정성한계 면적이 집중체중 이동훈련 기간 중에 대칭적이었다. 결론 : 집중체중 이동훈련이 경직성 뇌성마비 아동의 체간조절 능력을 개선하는데 긍정적인 효과가 있었다. 본 연구는 집중체중 이동훈련이 경직성 뇌성마비 아동의 독립적 앉기, 자세조절, 일상생활을 위한 균형능력 개선에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2017

Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have impaired postural control, but critically require the control of stability. Consequently, therapeutic interventions for enhancing postural control in children with CP have undergone extensive research. One intervention is sensorimotor training (SMT) using a Flexi-bar, but this has not previously been studied with respect to targeting trunk control in children with CP. Objects: This study was conducted to determine the effect of SMT using a Flexi-bar on postural balance and gait performance in children with CP. Methods: Three children with ambulatory spastic diplegia (SD) participated in the SMT program by using a Flexi-bar for forty minutes per day, three times a week, for six weeks. Outcome variables included the pediatric balance scale (PBS), trunk control movement scale (TCMS), 10 meter walking test (10MWT), and 3-dimensional movement coordination measurement. Results: The SMT provided no statistically significant improvement in PBS, TCMS, 10MWT, or 3-dimensional movement coordination measurement. However, positive changes were observed in individual outcomes, as balance and trunk control movement were improved. Conclusion: SMT using a Flexi-bar may be considered by clinicians as a potential intervention for increasing postural balance and performance in children with SD. Future studies are necessary to confirm the efficacy of Flexi-bar exercise in improving the functional activity of subjects with SD.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.469-501
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• 2000

In the literature study on the cerebral palsy, the results were as follows : 1. Cerebral palsy is defined as a disorder of movement and posture due to a defect or lesion of the immature brain. For practical purposes it is useful to exclude from cerebral palsy those disorders of posture and movement which are of short duration, due to a progressive disease due solely to mental deficiency. 2. Cerebral Palsy is classified with quadriplegia, diplegia, hemi plegia, triplegia, and monoplegia or spastic CP, athetoid CP, ataxic CP, and combined classifications 3. Causes of Cerebral Palsy is any damage to the developing brain, whether caused by genetic or developmental disorders. And it is classified with prenatal.natal and postnatal causes. 4. Management consists of helping the child achieve maximum potential in growth and development. This should be started as early as possible with identification of the very young child who may have a developmental disorder. Certain medications, surgery, and braces may be used to improve nerve and muscle coordination and prevent dysfunction. 5. The aim of treatment is to encourage children and adults to learn to be as independent as possible. Some children and adults who have mild cerebral palsy will have no problems in achieving independence 6. Oji(五遲), Oyeon(五軟) and Okyeong(五硬) have the simmiar concepts with the cerebral palsy. 7. Oji(五遲) Oyeon(五軟) and Okyeong(五硬) are caused by seoncheon-pumbu-bujok(先天稟賦不足) and related with gan(肝), bi(脾) and sin(腎). 8. The treatment is achieved by the method of bogansin(補肝腎), ganggeungol(强筋骨) and boiungikki(補中益氣). And jihwanghwan(地黃丸) has been used most frequently.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.512-518
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• 2002

목 적: 저자들은 뇌성마비의 임상양상과 원인인자를 관찰함으로써 본질환의 원활한 진단과 치료에 도움이 되고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법: 운동발달 지연이나 자세이상으로 성분도병원 소아과를 방문하여 뇌성마비로 진단 받고 부설 소아물리치료실에서 추적 관찰한 103명의 환아를 대상으로 후향적인 연구를 통하여 뇌성마비 환아의 생리적 분류와 고위험요인 및 뇌단층 또는 뇌자기공명영상의 결과 등을 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1) 총 103명의 환아들 중 남아가 64명, 여아가 39명이었다. 2) 뇌성마비 환아들 중 미숙아 출생이 59명, 만삭아 출생이 44명이었다. 3) 대상 환아 103명의 생리적 국소학적 분류에서는 경직성 반신마비가 55례(53.4%)로 가장 많았다. 4) 대상 환아의 위험인자로 산전인자는 전치태반 1례(0.9%), 태반조기박리 1례(0.9%), 거대세포 바이러스 감염 1례(0.9%)였다. 주산기 인자는 미숙아 출생이 59례(52.2%), 신생아 가사 12례(10.6%), 난산 2례(1.7%), 다태임신 5례(5.5%), 둔위분만 1례(0.9%)였다. 산후인자는 두부 외상 3례(2.7%), 뇌막염 2례(1.8%)였으며, 총 103명의 환아들 중 원인을 모르는 경우도 26례(23%)였다. 5) 대상 환아의 뇌단층촬영 및 뇌자기공명영상 소견은 미숙아군 59례 중 55례에서 관찰한 결과 37례(62.7%)에서 뇌실주위연화증이 가장 많았고 정상소견도 6례(10.2%)였다. 만삭아군은 44례 중 33례에서 관찰한 결과 뇌위축이 15례(41.7%)로 가장 많았고, 정상소견을 보인 경우도 6례(13.6%)였다. 6) 대상 환아 103명 중 29례(28.2%)에서 경련을 동반하였다. 결 론: 최근의 뇌성마비 원인인자와 임상양상 등 그 특징을 이해함으로써 뇌성마비의 진단과 치료에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.