• 제목/요약/키워드: spaces between words

검색결과 57건 처리시간 0.025초

관(冠).혼례(婚禮)를 중심으로 본 조선시대(朝鮮時代) 반가(班家)에서의 행예규범(行禮規範)과 공간사용(空間使用) (A Study on the Ideal Pattern of Family Ritual and the Spatial Use of Yangban Houses - focused on Gwanrye and Honrye -)

  • 김기주;김성우
    • 건축역사연구
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.47-66
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    • 1994
  • Chosun dynasty had accepted the Confucianism as a means of governing whole society and in its practical aspect ${\ulcorner}$Garye${\lrcorner}$ and the ceremonies of family ritual regarded as important. As a result, after mid-Chosun dynasty family ritual was begun to popularized on a national scale, and the socio-culture system which was interrelated with it changed into confucian ones. These fill-scaled change, on the other hand, resulted into the change of spatial use and plan type of yangban houses. In this aspect, this study intends to clarify the influence of family ritual on spatial use of yangban houses through the comparison between ideal pattern and behavioral one of family ritual. And this study made Gwanhonrye except Sangjerye an object because these two ceremonies were peformed in sucession in those day's behavior. The research setting is the Korean traditional society prior to modernization. The collected materials are based on ethnographic information as well as personal documents, public records, field works and the books on family ritual. The methodology for the present study is primarily based on the comparison study between available documents and field work. Especially, as the books on family ritual include some explanatory diagrams of the ideal pattern, these diagrams are compared with another ones made by the author of the behavioral pattern. The major findings are as follows. Firstly, in the aspect of Gwanhonrye's process, the ideal pattern is similar to the behavioral one. But even the essential course of the ideal pattern of Honrye is 'chinyoung', it has never been accepcted in Chosun dynasty on account of 'seoryubuga'. Secondly, even though the names of the performing space of family ritual are different each pattern, the methods of spatial use in processing these two ceremonies are similar. In other words, according to the books on family ritual the major performing spaces of Gwanhonrye are 'chungsa' and 'jungchim', but in practical process of both ceremonies 'sarangchae' and 'anche' are used. Lastly, as family ritual like Gwanrye and Honrye had been practiced at yangban houses after mid-Chosun dynasty as mentioned above, the spatial arrangement had to be changed to a certain extent.

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학교 공간에 관한 의미 탐색: 비판과 대안 (A Study on the Meaning of School Space: Criticism and Alternatives)

  • 김달효
    • 교육시설 논문지
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.3-10
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    • 2019
  • In school facilities, space is the basic framework. The structure and arrangement of space will provide the form and feel of school facilities. In order to become a high-quality school facility, it is necessary to focus on the educational, human and ecological aspects of the instructor and learner until the space is conceived, designed and completed. However, even when public education was introduced in the past, it did not become a school space considering this aspect. The school space, which focuses on efficiency and labor production, is a school space that reflects the characteristics of a factory-type school, which has been occupied by a large number until recently. Although efforts to improve the quality of school facilities have been attempted in recent years, there is also a need to pursue more active changes. Future-oriented and progressive school spaces include flexibility, connectivity, individualization, diversity(creativity). In other words, space should be flexible so that it can be used faithfully according to the educational situation, not the fixed and limited school space as in the past. In the future, the school space should be open and securely linked to the place where it is essential to complete community relations with the community. In addition, space should be flexible so that the school can meet the needs of each student as much as possible. And the school space should be transformed from the space design of the past fixed pattern to reflect the close relationship between spatial, psychological, physiological, and behavioral areas. When school space needs to shift away from the past and change in a new future-oriented direction, the remaining tasks should be presented with specific characteristics and content of the direction. And the function of the consignment should be handled by related research. Although the text of this study reveals the characteristics of future-oriented school space, more concrete and empirical research results should be presented by subsequent research at home and abroad. It is necessary to reduce trial and error in creating a future-oriented school space where both professors and learners can be satisfied by analyzing the common points and differences between the results of the study. In order to do this, it is necessary to make efforts to approach such research based on the participation of the subjects who teach and learn directly at the school site.

현대회화에서 드러난 해체의 형식론에 관한 연구 -타의적 해체와 자의적 해체의 성격규정을 중심으로- (A study of the destructive styles from Contemporary Paintings - Focused on distinguishing enmity-destruction and self-destruction -)

  • 박기웅
    • 조형예술학연구
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    • 제7권
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    • pp.5-63
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    • 2005
  • Generally, the meanings of destruction are related in the meaning of demolition, breakdown, into fragments ... and so on, and the similar meanings are twist, crush, demolish, split, cut, into pieces , break up ... etc. Further, it has related in the cruelty and destructive heart which are linked with orgy, Sadism, Necrophilia and so on. The meanings are also expressed by the initial , which are deprivation, deface, defame, deform, degrade, delegitimize, denounce , deride, destroy, devalue, as well as debase, debunk, declaim, declassify, decry, delete, denigrate, deprecate, despise or detract ...and so on. Dario Gamboni has discussed the meaning in his book as two categories Iconoclasm and Vandalism. And the similar meanings could be found in the words which has the initial of , like abase, abate, abhor, abjure, abolish, abridge, abuse ...and so on. Even though the distinct meanings of Iconoclasm and Vandalism, it is not easy to distinguish clearly between the differences when the results are accomplished in contemporary paintings because of the similarity of the results. In korean vocabulary there are no similar words to distinguish between the meanings of destruction and deconstruction, and the deconstruction is not recorded in the general dictionaries. However the meaning of is diminishing, separation, contrast and so on. So the unification of the word as do-construction is not construct, minus construction, reverse construction. And Vincent Ditch explained that there are the meaning of destroy the text. From Jacques Derrida, the deconstruction strategy is to criticise the world of traditional metaphysics and logocentrism, and not to reconstruire the philosophical meaning of texts but $d\'{e}construire$ them. And Saussure emphasized that the signifers could have more meaning that there can be more signified in traditional texts in the art. as a result, deconstruction is explained that there are many signified meanings in a signifer. In this thesis , from using the meanings of destruction and deconstruction, to distinguish the expressive skills in contemporary art works are arising. Therefore, special methods which are linked in the destruction styles are selected. As a result, the two different purposes of destruction is arising, one is enmity destruction and the other is self destruction another word, auto destruction or destruction to create The enmity destruction can be distinguished by the two category Iconoclasm and Vandalism. They come from the moment of different historical aspect is arising and want to attack the Icon or masterpiece this concept is from the study of John Philips and especially iconoclasm is linked with religious and artistic heart, but Vandalism is come from the political attack. Sometime, this distinguish is not clearly arising, because the two aspects are co-related in the attack. As a result, firstly, the Iconoclastic controversy had arisen in the methods of Dadaism which has developed by Man Ray, Francis Picabia and Marcel Duchamp. They want to attack the pre-established master-pieces and painting spaces, and they had 'non-artistic attitude' not to be art. Since 1980, the German artist Anselm Kiefer adapted the methods and made them his special skills so he had tried to paint tough brush strokes and draw with hugh pallette image line and fire and water images , they can be the image attack as the Iconoclasm. secondly, the model of vandalism is to be done by hammer, drill, canon and so on. the method is to attack the content of painting. Further, the object of destruction is bound by cords and iron lings to demolish or to declare the authority of pre-statues; it symbolize the pre-authority is gone already. Self-destruction based paintings are clearly different in the purpose of approaching the art work. First of all, they can be auto-destruction, creative destruction and metamorphosis destruction, which is linked with the skill the material aspect and basic stature, and sign destruction or signifier destruction, which is link with the inner meaning destruction that is considered as the Semiotical destruction in post-modern paintings. Since 1960, the auto destruction is based on the method of firing, melting, grinding and similar skills, which is linked with Neo-Dada and reverse-assemblage. Metamorphosis destruction is strongly linked with the basic inner heart price and quality, so it can be resulted in the changedness of expectation and recognition. Tony Cragg has developed the skills to metamorphose the wood as stone or iron as cloth and stone as sponge and rubber and so on. The researcher has developed the same style in the series of since 2003. The other self-destructive methods are found in the skill of sign destruction. In the methods the meaning of the art is not fixed as one or two, but is developed multi-meaning and differ from original starting situation, so Jacques Derrida called the difference meaning in deconstruction. It is the destruction of textes. These methods are accomplished by David Salle, Francesco Clemente, and recently Tracy Emin, who has developed the attacking heart in the spectators' emotion. Sometime in the method of self-destruction, it is based on horror and shock, the method is explored by Demian Hirst and Jakes and Dinos Chapman. Their destructive styles stimulate ambivalent heart and destroy original sign of girl and animals.

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시애틀 공동묘지의 공간적 구조와 역사적 변화 양상 (Spatial Structure and Historical Change of Cemeteries in Seattle, USA)

  • 김충호
    • 한국조경학회지
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    • 제46권3호
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    • pp.36-45
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    • 2018
  • 미국의 공동묘지는 망자의 공간임에도 불구하고, 도시 내 주거지 인근에서 빈번하게 볼 수 있다. 하지만, 이것이 도시화의 과정 속에서 언제 그리고 어떻게 형성되었는지에 대해서는 명확하게 다루어지지 않았었다. 이에, 본 연구는 도시화에 따른 시애틀 공동묘지의 공간적 구조와 역사적 변화 양상을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 구체적으로, 본 연구는 고문헌 및 고지도를 활용한 역사 분석을 통하여 시애틀 공동묘지의 초기 형성기를 규명하였고, GIS를 활용한 군집 분석을 통해 시애틀 공동묘지의 현재 위치를 도시 공간적으로 분석하였다. 이에 따라, 본 연구는 역사 분석과 군집 분석의 통합연구방법을 통해 다음의 결론에 도달하였다. 시애틀 도심의 초기 공동묘지들은 도심 형성 과정의 부산물이었지만, 교외지역의 공동묘지들은 도심 성장과 근린 개발보다 시간적으로 선행하여 이루어지게 되었다. 또한, 시애틀의 공동묘지들은 시애틀의 쇼핑센터들과 유사한 입지 패턴을 보였으며, 시애틀의 인구 분포와 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 결과적으로, 시애틀의 도시 공동묘지는 원래 농촌 지역에 위치하였으나, 이후 미국의 농촌 공동묘지의 경관을 유지하면서, 도시 지역에 위치하게 되었음을 알 수 있었다.

A Study on the Activation Strategy of Underground Shopping Malls: Focusing on Public Underground Shopping Malls in Six Major Cities

  • KIM, Gi Pyoung;LEE, Yong Kyu;LEE, Guen Woo;YOU, Chang Kwon
    • 산경연구논집
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    • 제13권6호
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    • pp.39-49
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: As part of these efforts, in-depth research is needed on efficient and practical utilization of underground spaces and underground shopping malls. In addition, efforts are being made to find effective alternatives to various problems currently occurring in underground shopping malls, but it is not easy. In addition, the development entity and the maintenance entity are different from each other, and the management is not unified, making it difficult to maintain underground shopping malls. From this point of view, it can be said that it is time to actively and specifically discuss ways to revitalize underground shopping malls. Data and methodology: In the domestic distribution environment, traditional markets and shops are stagnating due to rapid changes in consumption patterns, such as the spread of large companies with advanced distribution techniques such as hypermarkets, shopping malls, and SCM, the rapid increase in Internet and home shopping, and the importance of convenience for young consumers. In order to revitalize underground shopping malls, it is necessary to strengthen the organization and self-rescue efforts of merchants' associations, change consciousness through merchant education, change to specialized markets, find nuclear stores and representative restaurants, and support the hardware sector. Results: The connection of underground shopping malls in each region of the country, where commercial districts are separated from each other, will also play an important role in reviving the function of the city in the future. To do this, it is first necessary to connect underground shopping malls that have been cut off. In other words, connection between connectable underground shopping malls should be promoted. Of course, long-term projects should be promoted step by step, and many consultations should be made on how to connect with the ground for each local government. Conclusion: This is because in the future, the underground space cannot just be a walking place, but another space of the Korean Wave where you can experience satisfying the five senses. K-shopping Hallyu content can be created by creating a characteristic story for each underground shopping mall in the city, permanently this story-oriented event, and creating a safe and elegant environment. If there is a story, so-called "Senomi Shopping" will be possible. A new Korean Wave will be created that can satisfy "the fun of writing, the fun of seeing, and the fun of feeling" at the same time.

전문어의 범용 공간 매핑을 위한 비선형 벡터 정렬 방법론 (Nonlinear Vector Alignment Methodology for Mapping Domain-Specific Terminology into General Space)

  • 김준우;윤병호;김남규
    • 지능정보연구
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.127-146
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    • 2022
  • 최근 워드 임베딩이 딥러닝 기반 자연어 처리를 다루는 다양한 업무에서 우수한 성능을 나타내면서, 단어, 문장, 그리고 문서 임베딩의 고도화 및 활용에 대한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 예를 들어 교차 언어 전이는 서로 다른 언어 간의 의미적 교환을 가능하게 하는 분야로, 임베딩 모델의 발전과 동시에 성장하고 있다. 또한 핵심 기술인 벡터 정렬(Vector Alignment)은 임베딩 기반 다양한 분석에 적용될 수 있다는 기대에 힘입어 학계의 관심이 더욱 높아지고 있다. 특히 벡터 정렬은 최근 수요가 높아지고 있는 분야간 매핑, 즉 대용량의 범용 문서로 학습된 사전학습 언어모델의 공간에 R&D, 의료, 법률 등 전문 분야의 어휘를 매핑하거나 이들 전문 분야간의 어휘를 매핑하기 위한 실마리를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 하지만 학계에서 주로 연구되어 온 선형 기반 벡터 정렬은 기본적으로 통계적 선형성을 가정하기 때문에, 본질적으로 상이한 형태의 벡터 공간을 기하학적으로 유사한 것으로 간주하는 가정으로 인해 정렬 과정에서 필연적인 왜곡을 야기한다는 한계를 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위해 데이터의 비선형성을 효과적으로 학습하는 딥러닝 기반 벡터 정렬 방법론을 제안한다. 제안 방법론은 서로 다른 공간에서 벡터로 표현된 전문어 임베딩을 범용어 임베딩 공간에 정렬하는 스킵연결 오토인코더와 회귀 모델의 순차별 학습으로 구성되며, 학습된 두 모델의 추론을 통해 전문 어휘를 범용어 공간에 정렬할 수 있다. 제안 방법론의 성능을 검증하기 위해 2011년부터 2020년까지 수행된 국가 R&D 과제 중 '보건의료' 분야의 문서 총 77,578건에 대한 실험을 수행한 결과, 제안 방법론이 기존의 선형 벡터 정렬에 비해 코사인 유사도 측면에서 우수한 성능을 나타냄을 확인하였다.

하지림프부종 환자에서 림프신티그라피를 이용한 피부림프선염 위험도 평가 (Risk Assessment of Dermatolymphangioadenitis by Lymphoscintigraphy in Patients with Lower Extremity Lymphedema)

  • 최준영;황지혜;박정미;이경한;김상은;김동익;이병붕;김병태
    • 대한핵의학회지
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.143-151
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    • 1999
  • 목적 : 림프부종에서 피부림프선염은 림프계 기능을 악화시키는 흔한 중증 합병증이다. 이 연구에서는 치료 전 림프신티그라피로 하지 림프부종 환자에서 향후 피부림프선염의 발생 위험도를 평가할 수 있는지 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법 피부림프선염의 병력이 없는 하지 림프부종 환자 50령(일차림프부종 13 명, 이차림프부종 37명)의 부종이 있는 59 하지와 정상인 6명의 12하지를 대상으로 하였다. 치료 전37 MBq의 Tc-99m-antimony sulfide colloid를 발가락사이에 피하주사하고 1분과 2시간 뒤에 하지의 영상을 얻었다. 임상적 추적관찰 중 피부림프선염 발생한 하지와 발생하지 않은 사이에서의 림프신티그라피 소견(장골서혜 림프절 섭취, 주 림프관과 부행 림프관이 관찰되는 정도, 피부역류 정도, 제거율)과 임상 소견(성별, 나이, 림프부종의 원인, 임상병기, 부종 발생부터 삼성서울병원에서의 치료시작 전까지의 기간, 치료 시작 후 임상적 추적관찰기간, 치료법, 치료에 대한 반응, 치료에 대한 순응도)의 유의한 차이가 있는지를 알아보았다. 결과: 전체 부종이 있는 하지 중 20.3%인 12 하지에서 평균 19개월의 추적 관찰 기간 중 총 20회의 피부림프선염이 발생하였다. 단변량 분석에서 피부림프선염 발생 유무는 장골서혜 림프절 섭취, 주 림프관 관찰 정도, 임상병기, 치료에 대한 순응도와 유의한 관계를 보였다. 다변량 분석 결과 주 림프관 관찰 정도와 치료에 대한순응도 만이 유의한 독립변수였다. 즉, 피부림프선염 발생은 주 림프관이 잘 보이지 않고 치료에 대한 순응도가 나쁜하지에서 잘 발생하였다. 결론: 피부림프선염의 병력이 없는 하지 림프부종환자의 초기평가시 림프신티그라피 소견으로 향후 피부림프선염의 발생 위험도를 예측할 수 있다. 따라서, 하지림프부종 환자에서 치료 방침을 결정하는 데 림프신티그라피가 도움이 될 것이다.

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