• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1993.05a
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• pp.90-90
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• 1993

When illustrating the therapeutical plan of laryngeal cancer, there are difficulties in obtaining the three dimensional volume of tumor, submucosal extension of tumor, and particularly whether or not invasion on laryngeal cartilage has occurred. In particular clinical significance is the invasion to the laryngeal framework, which correlates with poor prognosis due to high frequency of local recurrence and cervical metastasis. Therefore the purposes of histopathological evaluation according to serial section study after laryngectomy are firstly, apprehension of the spread of laryngeal cancer and the pattern of invasion to laryngeal cartilage and secondly, obtaining an aid to establish direction of management to make higher the validity of preoperative clinical diagnosis. The following results were obtained : 1. The pattern of tumor invasion in cartilage 1) The tumor invades ossified cartilage chiefly and invades nonossified cartilage in extensive lesion only. 2) The tumor spread through intramarrow space at invaded ossified cartilage with intact perichondrium. 3) The perichondrium is strong barrier. 2. The incidence of cartilage invasion in order of frequency is as follow thyroid, arytenoid, cricoid, epiglottic cartilage. 3. The transglottic cancer has higher incidence(811.8%)of cartilage invasion. 4. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rate of preoperative CT scan was 100%, 62.5%, 82.3% respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1253-1262
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• 2014

Regression tree is a tree-structured solution in which a simple regression model is fitted to the data in each node made by recursive partitioning of predictor space. There have been many efforts to apply tree algorithms to various regression problems like logistic regression and quantile regression. Recently, algorithms have been expanded to the panel data analysis such as RE-EM algorithm by Sela and Simonoff (2012), and extension of GUIDE by Loh and Zheng (2013). The algorithms are briefly introduced and prediction accuracy of three methods are compared in this paper. In general, RE-EM shows good prediction accuracy with least MSE's in the simulation study. A RE-EM tree fitted to business survey index (BSI) panel data shows that sales BSI is the main factor which affects business entrepreneurs' economic sentiment. The economic sentiment BSI of non-manufacturing industries is higher than that of manufacturing ones among the relatively high sales group.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.642-648
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• 2009

Purpose: Hexadactyly without thumb is a rare congenital anomaly of the hand where six triphalangeal digits are symmetrically distributed without thumb. Contrary to mirror hands, triphalangeal six digits are symmetrically distributed on each side at the midline with well - differentiated carpal bones, extensor tendons, one ulnar and one radius. The authors developed a new surgical technique based on a three - dimensional concept to correct the hexadactyly and applied to 2 cases of hexadactyly with good functional and aesthetic results. Here we document the surgical technique and its result. Methods: A 16 month old male patient visited our clinic with chief complaints of bilateral hexadactyly deformity. On physical examination most radial first and second digits showed no opposition and adduction motion on both side hands. Radiography showed 6 triphalangeal digits with normal development of carpal, radial and ulnar bone. Right side abnormality was corrected by removal of most radial side extra - digit, rotation and migration of 2nd ray to thumb position and creation of 1st web by transposing a mid - palm based rectangular palmar flap as in Snow & Littler procedure which has been being applied for correction of 1st web syndactyly in cleft hand deformity. Seven months later, left side abnormality was also corrected with the same procedure. Results: Postoperative appearances of the both hands were satisfactory. Flexion, extension, opposition and grasping were possible with the pollicized 2nd ray. Pinching power was 3.0 kg 15 months after surgery and 2.5 kg 22 months after in right hand respectively. Conclusion: In correction of hexadactyly deformity, satisfactory aesthetic and relevant functional results can be expected with authors' newly developed technique: removal of most radial digit, rotation and migration of 2nd digit to thumb position as well as creation of the 1st web space by transposition of mid - palm based rectangular flap.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.975-983
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• 2010

In this paper, we introduce extended problems of Tower of Hanoi (ToH) and propose a novel visualization method to express a state space of ToH. As for the extended problems, we introduce multi-peg ToH, multi-stack ToH, and regular state ToH. The novel visualization method in this paper is a natural extension of Hanoi graph visualization. In the proposed method, we assign one Cartesian coordinate point per each disk to provide an unified visualization that the marks on a link and the changes of a state should correspond with a peg position of a disk. Compared with Hanoi graph, the generated graph by the proposed method is isomorphic if we remove links of forbidden move, which indicates that our method is a generalization of Hanoi graph and thus is more expressive. To help the understanding of the readers, we show the generated graphs by our method when the number of disks is 2 and 3.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2010

Fuzzy c-means (FCM) and possibilistic c-means (PCM) are the two most well-known clustering algorithms in fuzzy clustering area, and have been applied in many applications in their original or modified forms. However, FCM's noise sensitivity problem and PCM's overlapping cluster problem are also well known. Recently there have been several attempts to combine both of them to mitigate the problems and possibilistic fuzzy c-means (PFCM) showed promising results. In this paper, we proposed a modified PFCM using regularization to reduce noise sensitivity in PFCM further. Regularization is a well-known technique to make a solution space smooth and an algorithm noise insensitive. The proposed algorithm, PFCM with regularization (PFCM-R), can take advantage of regularization and further reduce the effect of noise. Experimental results are given and show that the proposed method is better than the existing methods in noisy conditions.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.45
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• pp.33-54
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• 2016

This study presents a comparative analysis of the calligrammic poetic dictions shown in the poems of the French poets Guillaume Apollinaire and Paul Eluard and in those of the Korean poet Lee Sang. They were adventurers in the avant-garde movement who used experimental techniques that led to futurism, expressionism, cubism, dadaism, and surrealism. They applied a typographic technique that combined pictorial arrangements of fonts, shapes of compositions and between lines, letters of the alphabet, mathematical symbols, and graphical elements, such as circles or lines, to make up a poem that also looked like a painting. Their works, valued as visual lyric poems, break up language and combine anti-poems. They rejected traditional poetic dictions or grammar, but developed a paratactic poem that freely uses letters and symbols. Their calligrammic poetic dictions arouse dynamic images like space extension. Lee Sang's calligrams seem like abstract paintings that apply geometric symbols like those used in technical drawings. As a result, crossing the boundaries between language and pictorial art by using experimental materials and techniques, their poems deconstruct the creative standards of rational and traditional poetic dictions, creating an adventurous, expressive technique. Their calligrammic, avant-garde poems introduced a new spirit of art into both French and Korean modern poetic literature.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.38-51
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• 2019

Barcelona Basic Model (BBM) can describe not only swelling owing to decrease in effective stress, but also wetting-induced swelling due to decrease in suction. And the BBM can also consider increase in cohesion and apparent preconsolidation stress with suction, and decrease in the apparent preconsolidation stress with temperature. Therefore, the BBM is widely used all over the world to predict and to analyze coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of bentonite which is considered as buffer materials at the engineered barrier system in the high-level radioactive waste disposal system. However, the BBM is not well known in Korea, so this paper introduce the BBM to Korean rock engineers and geotechnical engineers. In this study, Modified Cam Clay (MCC) model is introduced before all, because the BBM was first developed as an extension of the MCC model to unsaturated soil conditions. Then, the thermo-elasto-plastic version of the BBM is described in detail.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 2019

The street trees increase the liveability of cities by reducing stormwater runoff, improving air quality, storing carbon, providing shade, and ameliorating the urban heat-island effect. In this study, the health status of street trees in Suwon was evaluated, and the factors affecting the growth of the trees were also derived. In order to evaluate the growth and health of street trees, field survey was carried out on a total of 125 trees in 25 sections of the Deogyeong-daero where is through the city. During the field survey, the following items were examined: Street trees health status (i.e. species, height, DBH (diameter at breast height), planting types, vigor, etc.), soil factors (i.e. soil temperature, humidity, pH, hardness, etc.), and environmental factors (i.e. landuse, road width, etc.). As the results of field survey, the main species of the street trees was Zelkova serrata, which was healthy in most of the sections. The factors such as planting types, soil temperatures, tree root cover, road extension, distance from the road were derived to affect the growth and health of street trees, and the differences were significant. The results of this study were derived the following conclusions for vigorous street trees: First, it is important to install and maintain the protection facilities like tree root cover for the growth of trees. Second, it is necessary to discuss how to plant multiple trees in narrow spaces like a street green space. Third, it is important to provide appropriate soil conditions continuously for growth of threes. Finally, it should be utilized as a mitigation measure of urban heat island effects.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.664-675
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• 2021

Air force air-to-air combat tactics are occurring at a high speed in three-dimensional space. The specification of the tactics requires dealing with a quite amount of information, which makes it a challenge to accurately describe the maneuvering procedure of the tactics. The specification of air-to-air tactics using natural languages is not suitable because of the intrinsic ambiguity of natural languages. Therefore, this paper proposes an approach of using UML Sequence Diagram to describe air-to-air combat tactics. Since the current Sequence Diagram notation is not sufficient to express all aspects of the tactics, we extend the syntax of the Sequence Diagram to accommodate the required features of air-to-air combat tactics. We evaluate the applicability of the extended Sequence Diagram to air-to-air combat tactics using a case example, that is the manned-unmanned teaming combat tactic. The result shows that Sequence Diagram specification is more advantageous than natural language specification in terms of readability, conciseness, and accuracy. However, the expressiveness of the Sequence Diagram is evaluated to be less powerful than natural language, requiring further study to address this issue.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.371-380
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• 2021

This study aims to design a tunnel part model for underpass and subway lines that correspond to tunnel sector among the underground facilities(structure types) covered in the integrated map of underground spaces. For this purpose, we compared and reviewed the characteristics of international standards related to tunnel data models. As a result, it was found that CityGML 3.0 - Tunnel module was the most suitable for designing a 3D tunnel data model. Afterwards we reviewed the legal and institutional regulations to derive the standard elements of the 3D tunnel data model. Then we conducted a demand survey targeting experts in related fields to derive standard elements for addition and extension of underpasses and subway lines. Based on the above process, we designed and presented a 3D tunnel data model using UML. This study is expected to be meaningful as a basic study to improve the utilization of tunnel model in the integrated map of underground spaces.